EAEC - ntoni na? Economic Union yaseYurophu: amazwe

Phakathi umbutho ngamazwe mihla ngobukhulu - i yaseYurophu Economic Union. Ngokusemthethweni, yaye yasekwa ngowe-2014, kodwa ke ngexesha lokusayina isivumelwano ezabelwe lona likarhulumente-nxaxheba kwi EAEC wayesele amava ebalulekileyo lufundiswa imo esebenzayo ngokunxulumanisa kwezoqoqosho. Yintoni ingakumbi i EAEC? Yintoni na - umbutho ezoqoqosho okanye ezopolitiko?

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga umbutho

Siya kuqala ukufunda lo mbuzo ngokuqwalasela izibakala eziphambili malunga umbutho ochaphazelekayo. Zeziphi ulwazi kakhulu langutana malunga EAEC? Yintoni na le sakhiwo?

Economic Union yaseYurophu, okanye EAEC, - unxulumano kwi intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho ngezizwe uthi eliqela kummandla yaseYurophu - Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus kunye Armenia. Kulindeleka ukuba angene yokunxulumana kwamanye amazwe, kunye ne-Community yaseYurophu kuQoqosho (EAEC) - isakhiwo evulekileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba abaviwa kubulungu bombutho ekwabelwana iinjongo zombutho kwaye wavuma ukuba bamisele izibophelelo phantsi iimvumelwano echaphazelekayo. Ukudalwa kwezakhiwo ngaphambi ukusekwa yaseYurophu Community lwezoQoqosho Customs Union (leyo iyaqhubeka ukusebenza njengomnye zezakhiwo EAEC).

Njani ingcamango zokusekwa kwe-EAEC

Njengoko sinokungqinelwa eziliqela kwimithombo, urhulumente, ngowokuqala ukuqalisa inkqubo ye ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho kwisithuba post-eSoviet, eyayisiba kwiziko EAEC - Kazakhstan. Nursultan Nazarbayev wavakalisa ingcamango olungqamelanayo kwi intetho e Moscow State University ngo-1994. Kamva, le mfundiso uxhaswe nezinye zangaphambili republic eSoviet - Russia, Belarus, Armenia kunye Kyrgyzstan.

Inzuzo ephambili imo yokuba yinxalenye yaseYurophu Economic Union - inkululeko yezoqoqosho ezibhalisiweyo namaqurhu alo phezu ummandla onke amazwe ilungu Union. Kulindeleke kungekudala ngokwesiseko ukuyilwa amaziko isithuba EAEC olunye ngemiyinge emincinci, nto leyo zibandakanya imigangatho efanayo kunye nezithethe zokwenza ushishino.

Ingaba kukho intsebenziswano lezopolitiko indawo?

Ngoko EAEC - oko kukuthi, isakhiwo kuphela ezoqoqosho, okanye umbutho ezinokuthi luphawulwa licandelo kwezopolitiko ngokunxulumanisa? Kweli nqanaba kwixa elizayo, njengoko oko kungqinwa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo yolwazi, kububulumko ukuba ukuthetha malunga ukutyhilwa yokuqala uhlobo bombutho. Yiloo nto ke inkalo yezopolitiko - ezikhutshelwe bucala. Amazwe iza kuhlanganiswa ukusukela ezoqoqosho.

Kukho data kwi amanyathelo malunga nokusekwa ezinye izakhiwo yepalamente supranational ngaphakathi EAEC. Kodwa Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan, njengoko oko kungqinwa emininzi kwimithombo, hayi ucinga amathuba ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba ekwakheni ochaphazelekayo unxibelelwano yezopolitiko. Amazwe ezinqwenela ukugcina ulongamo ngokupheleleyo, ngokuvuma kuphela kumanyaniso kwezoqoqosho.

Noko ke, ukuba iingcali ezininzi kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo kuyacaca ukuba ukufutshane kangakanani ubudlelwane ezopolitiko phakathi amazwe EAEC. Ukwakhiwa kwale nesakhiwo kwakheka namahlakani basondeleyo ezingenawo ichazwe esidlangalaleni linye ebalulekileyo imeko nzima kwibala lwehlabathi. Oku kukuvumela abanye abahlalutyi ukuba bafikelele kwizigqibo malunga ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho sikhokelo lalo mbutho kuya kuba nzima kakhulu iiyantlukwano zopolitiko ebalulekileyo yamazwe imibutho inxaxheba.

Imbali i EAEC

Ukuze siqonde ngcono le nkcukacha ye EAEC (ukuba uhlobo mbutho) kuya kusinceda ukuba ukufunda izibakala ezithile ukususela kwimbali wombutho. Ngo-1995, iintloko kumazwe aliqela - Belarus, eRashiya, Kazakhstan, yaye kamva - Kyrgyzstan kunye Tajikistan atyikitye isivumelwano oseka Customs Union. Ngokusekelwe kuwo, i yaseYurophu Economic Community, okanye EurAsEC yasekwa ngo-2000. Ngo-2010, umbutho omtsha - i-Customs Union. Ngo-2012 wavula isithuba single kwezoqoqosho - yokuqala inxaxheba angamalungu le-Customs Union, uze emva koko - ukuba isakhiwo kwangena eArmenia ne Kyrgyzstan.

Ngo-2014, eRashiya, Kazakhstan kunye Belarus asayina isivumelwano malunga nokusekwa EAEC. Kamva, wancediswa eArmenia ne Kyrgyzstan. Amagatya ngesixhobo ukuba ukusebenza ukususela 2015. EAEC Customs Union uqhubeka, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, ukuze isebenze. Oku kuquka amazwe efanayo EAEC.

uphuhliso oluqhubela

Ngenxa yoko, States Amaqela i EAEC - Belarus, Kazakhstan, eRashiya, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan - baqalisa ukusebenzisana kudala ngaphambi kokuba umbutho ohambelana yasekwa ngohlobo olulo ngoku. Ngokutsho kwezinye abahlalutyi, i yaseYurophu Economic Union - umzekelo kumbutho amazwe ngamazwe eqhubela phambili, uphuhliso ngendlela lweenkqubo lokuhlanganisa ukuze ukuchaza uzinzo enkulu kubume ahambelanayo.

Amanqanaba yophuhliso EAEC

Defined zigaba eziliqela yophuhliso yaseYurophu Economic Union. Eyokuqala - kukusekwa kommandla ezamahala yorhwebo, uphuhliso kwemigangatho apho ukodlula phakathi Member States EAEC ingaqhuba iye phandle iifizi. Ukongeza, chaza ngamnye ugcina ukuzimela kwi inkalo yokwenza ushishino kunye namazwe angaphandle.

Isigaba esilandelayo yophuhliso EAEC - zokusekwa kwe-Customs Union, ebandakanya ukuyilwa kwisithuba wezoqoqosho apho kuya kwenziwa intshukumo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa yempahla. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka kwakhona ukuchonga eziqhelekileyo kumazwe onke abathatha inxaxheba imithetho zemanyano zabasebenzi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo Inqanaba yophuhliso Union - ukuyilwa imarike elinye. Kulindeleke ukuba uya kudala isithuba lwezoqoqosho ngaphakathi ofuna exchange simahla lempahla nje kuphela kodwa iinkonzo, imali kunye nezibonelelo zabantu - phakathi kwamalungu umbutho.

Inqanaba elilandelayo - ukuyilwa Union kwezoqoqosho, amalungu aza kukwazi nokulungelelanisa ukusebenza kwe ephambili yomgaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho phakathi kwabo.

Emva kokuba isonjululwe le ngxaki zichazwe ngentla apha, siya kube nokudityaniswa uqoqosho olupheleleyo uthi manyano. Oku kubandakanya ukudalwa isakhiwo supranational nto leyo eza kuqinisekisa ephambili ekwakheni nkqubo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo onke amazwe Union.

ubuhle be EAEC

Makhe siqwalasele iingenelo ezingundoqo ukuba kongezeleka amalungu EAEC. Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba phakathi iqhosha - inkululeko umsebenzi yoqoqosho kumaqumrhu yoshishino abhaliswe kulo naliphi State of the Union kwi wonke ummandla EAEC. Kodwa oku uncedo kuphela ekungeneni karhulumente kulo mbutho phantsi kophando ngathi.

amalungu EAEC ziya kuba nako uku:

- ukuthatha ithuba amaxabiso ephantsi kwezinto ezininzi, kwakunye nasekunciphiseni iindleko ezinxulumene kunye nothutho kwempahla;

- eziguquguqukayo ekuphuhliseni kwiimakethe kukhuphiswano ngokwandisa;

- ukwanda kwemveliso;

- ukwandisa umthamo kuqoqosho ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yeempahla neemveliso ezivelisiweyo;

- ukuqinisekisa ukuqeshwa kwabemi.

amathuba okukhula GDP

Nokuba ukuze abadlali enamandla kwezoqoqosho afana Russia, EAEC - ngumba ezinkulu zokukhula koqoqosho. Russia i-GDP, ngokutsho kwezinye abezoqoqosho, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ukulawula ilizwe kuMbutho ingqalelo, ukuze ufumane inkuthazo enamandla kakhulu ekukhuleni. ukwanda yokusebenza ezihamba GDP akwazi ukufikelela kwamanye amazwe inxaxheba EAEC - eArmenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus.

Inkalo ekuhlaleni lokuhlanganisa

Ngaphandle isiphumo entle kwezoqoqosho EAEC angamalungu kulindeleke ukuba adityaniswe nakuye nomba kwezentlalo. imisebenzi zoshishino International, njengoko iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa, iya kuba negalelo ekusekweni kwentsebenziswano, bakhuthaze ukwabelane ngenkcubeko, ukuqinisa ubuhlobo yeentlanga. iinkqubo Integration ukuba kuququzelelwa yi elidlulileyo efanayo yiSoviet, abantu abahlala amazwe yaseYurophu Economic Union. yenkcubeko, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ezicacileyo - neelwimi kufutshane ithi EAEC. Ukubunjwa uhlobo nokucwangciswa lizwe apho ulwimi Russian liqhelekile abantu abaninzi. Ngaloo ndlela, izinto ezininzi negalelo isicombululo ngempumelelo iingxaki ezijongene ziintloko angamalungu le yaseYurophu Economic Union.

izakhiwo supranational

Le EAEC iSivumelwano satyikitywa, ityala zokuphunyezwa kwayo. Phakathi imisebenzi ibalulekileyo-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-yaseYurophu Economic Union - nokudalwa bamaziko supranational, ogama imisebenzi ziya kujolisa nokuququzelela iinkqubo zoqoqosho umanyano. Ngokungqinelana kunye nenani zemithombo yoluntu, kulindeleke ukuyilwa amanye amaziko ezingundoqo EAEC. ukuba ingaba yintoni na isakhiwo?

Okokuqala, lo ngowona iimvumelwano ezahlukeneyo:

- kuqoqosho;

- izinto zokwenza (iya inxaxheba amaxabiso-entengo kunye ulahlulo iimpahla zokubasa, ekuququzeleleni umgaqo kwi ukurhweba amatye anqabileyo);

- on izayamaniso interstate zemali kunye noshishino kunye namashishini;

- Ukunika igunya lokwenza kweyunithi wemali ukuze yokuhlala;

- kwimiba yendalo esingqongileyo.

Kwakhona kuthatha ekusekweni kwengxowa-mali ezizodwa apho ophetheyo - intsebenziswano kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo: kuqoqosho, uphuhliso inzululwazi neteknoloji. Kulindeleke ukuba umbutho iya kugxininisa ngezimali kwezifundo ezahlukeneyo ukunceda nxaxheba intsebenziswano kuluhlu olubanzi lwemiba - zomthetho, zemali, okanye, umzekelo, esingqongileyo.

Okunye Isakhiwo ebalulekileyo supranational le EAEC, nto leyo icetyelwe ukudala - i-bank mali zamazwe ngamazwe, ngokunjalo yolamlo le yaseYurophu Economic Union.

Phakathi imibutho esekwe ngempumelelo lwembali isakhiwo ulawulo EAEC - I yaseYurophu Economic Commission. Makhe sifunde ngeempawu imisebenzi yayo ngokweenkcukacha.

I-Economic Commission yaseYurophu

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ECE wadalwa ngo-2011, oko kukuthi cwaka isivumelwano esatyikitywa ngomhla nokusekwa EAEC. Yaqala Russia, Kazakhstan kunye Belarus. Ekuqaleni lo mbutho wadalwa ukulawula iinkqubo kwinqanaba kwesakhiwo enjalo njengoko Customs Union. EAEC - isakhiwo, naphuhliso olo olwaye iKhomishini ekujongwe ukuba babandakanyeke ngqo namhlanje.

Le ECE amabhunga ezisekiweyo kunye neebhodi. Njengoko inxenye yobume lokuqala kufuneka ibe amasekela iintloko Government of yaMazwe United States. IBhodi kufuneka asebenze abantu abathathu evela kwiLungu States EAEC. Phakathi iKomishini linombono nokudalwa kumasebe ezahlukeneyo.

I yaseYurophu Economic Commission - ibalulekileyo, kodwa hayi supranational kulawulko kakhulu EAEC. Oku subordinated kwi Ephakamileyo kwiBhunga lezoQoqosho yaseYurophu. Jonga amanqaku aphambili ngaye.

IBhunga lezoQoqosho yaseYurophu Supreme

Esi sakhiwo, kwakunye Economic Commission yaseYurophu yasekwa kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokusayina isivumelwano malunga nokusekwa ithi EAEC. Ngenxa yoko, kangangexesha elide LITHILE umzimba supranational kubume ye-Customs Union kunye Common Space kwezoqoqosho. Council zenza iintloko ilungu ithi EAEC. Njalo, kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-1 kwexesha kunyaka ngamnye, oko kufuneka iqokelelwe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. Kufuneka IiNtloko of Government of kumazwe ilungu lombutho idibane okungenani 2 ngonyaka. Le peculiarity of ukusebenza kweBhunga - izigqibo ezenziweyo format kwimvumelwano. Imimiselo evunyiweyo ziyabophelela phezu kumazwe inxaxheba EAEC.

amathuba ukuze EAEC

Indlela ukuvavanya amathuba abahlalutyi EAEC? Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kunye nokuhlanganisa kwezoqoqosho ngokungenaku- kwezopolitiko rapprochement umbutho States Parties. Kukho iingcali uyayixhasa le mbono. Ezinye iingcali akazange uyavumelana nayo. Le ngxoxo ezingundoqo kwabo abahlalutyi bayibonayo amathuba politicization le EAEC - ukuba eRashiya, njengeyunivesithi ehamba phambili umdlali kwezoqoqosho umbutho ngandlel 'kuya kuba nefuthe kwizigqibo ezenziwa ngabasemagunyeni sezisombululo States Parties EAEC. Abachasi le mbono bakholelwa ukuba nje esahlukileyo, kungekhona iimfuno Russian Federation ukubonisa umdla kakhulu kwi politicization le nemibutho efanelekileyo yamazwe ngamazwe.

Phantsi ulungelelwano phakathi icandelo lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko yokubona izinto EAEC Union, ngokusekelwe iseti yezalathi njongo, kuqikelelwa yi abahlalutyi ezininzi ezintle kunene. Ngenxa yoko, i-GDP iyonke angamalungu ngesakhiwo ingqalelo enokuthelekiseka kunye inqanaba ezinqkqenkqeza phambili uqoqosho lwehlabathi. Thathela ingqalelo isakhono imiqulu EAEC iinkqubo kuqoqosho lamazwe ilungu le-Union yenzululwazi kunye resource sikhulele kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.

intsebenziswano kwinqanaba lehlabathi

Ngokutsho kwezinye abahlalutyi, amathuba ngentsebenziswano nomtsalane EAEC kumazwe sengathi kude isuswe isithuba kwezoqoqosho akhiwa amazwe aye asayina isivumelwano kwi EAEC - Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus kunye Armenia. Ngokomzekelo, kutshanje isivumelwano kurhwebo simahla kunye EAEC ezisayiniweyo Vietnam.

Bonisa umdla eSiriya, Egypt intsebenziswano. Oku kunika imbono isizathu sokuba bathi yaseYurophu Economic Union abe enamandla umdlali kurhwebo lwehlabathi.