Dzhozef uKonrad: ibhayografi kunye imisebenzi engcono

Dzhozef uKonrad - umbhali waseBritani, ukususela ebuhlanti kuzo imisebenzi umdla afana "Iintliziyo Ubumnyama", "Typhoon", "I Negro kunye" Narcissus ". Uyaqaphela ukuzahlula ezivela intshukumo zoncwadi ngexesha lakhe, uYosefu nemisebenzi yakhe ngokwesiseko uyakwazi ukutshintsha ubuso uncwadi. IsiNgesi Conrad, Polish-azalwe buqondwe njengomntu omdala, kwaye baqhuba kakuhle kangangokuba wafundisa ngayo ebantwini, uthethe kuyo kwasekuzalweni.

Dzhozef uKonrad: ibhayografi

indlela yabo yokuphila, ngumzekelo oqaqambileyo abanye, uYosefu akazange acinge nto ebalaseleyo. engamashumi amabini wachitha elwandle evulekileyo, nolwazi amazwe neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, bedibana nabantu abatsha - ayikho obu bomi ngokupheleleyo adventures?

Józef Teodor uKonrad Kozhenovsky azalwe ngoDisemba 3, 1857. Kwidolophu - Berdichev (Ukraine). Uyise - a sasePoland Apollo Kozhenovsky yaba nxaxheba kwi intshukumo wenkululeko Polish, apho wabanjwa ngabasemagunyeni Russian kwaye kuthinjelwa Vologda ngo-1861. Evelyn umfazi Jozef, ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-4 ubudala, baya ngasemva umyeni wakhe. Ngowe-1865, ngenxa yokugula umfazi wakhe Apollo wenza zokusiwa Chernigov. Noko ke, oku akuzange ukugcina usapho evela ilahleko enkulu: UEvelyn wabulawa sephepha. Uyise nonyana waya kuloo mzi kuqala, emva koko - e Krakow. Ngowe-1869, uyise Josef wabhubha, eshiya umntwana oneminyaka eli-11 ubudala wayeyinkedama. Ilungelo umntwana wathabatha uyisekazi koomama - Tadeusz Bobrowski.

Ubomi wolwandle

16, ediniwe yobomi besikolo, Josef wagqiba ekubeni abe matiloshe. Lo mfana waya eMarseilles, apho wabhalisa nomatiloshe enqanaweni French.

Ngexesha iminyaka ebhadula Jozef waba ithuba ukudada kwiinkundla ezahlukeneyo; nokuba kwafuneka sithubelezise izixhobo. Yena ungacinganga kumbi nemali efunyenwe. Ukuba umdlali ukufunda kunye kutezhnikom enkulu emva ilahleko enkulu wazama nokudubula ngokwakhe, kodwa singaphumelelanga; bullet badlula kufuphi intliziyo.

Ukususela ngo-1878, wabafudusela kuphela kwiNkundla IsiNgesi, njengoko ubumi Russian akuvumelekile ukuba ezidada imikhombe French Navy. Ngexesha le minyaka eli-16, ukuqubha Iyakwazi ulwimi IsiNgesi; ngo-1886 wafumana isikhundla umthetheli nokuba ngummi yaseBritani, yaye ngenxa yoko ngokusemthethweni walitshintsha igama lakhe Dzhozef uKonrad. Ngowe-1890, wenza uhambo umdla ngokusebenzisa Congo River. Kweli xesha mnye wagula rheumatism kunye seengcongconi, apho sikhunjuzwa de isiphelo sobomi.

Ubuhlobo Dzhonom Golsuorsi

Iminyaka uhambo wavumela uYosefu ukuba Stock phezulu kulwazi enkulu yabemi kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ibali lokuqala umbhali IsiNgesi ebizwa ngokuba "Black esasihamba" kunye isiseko kwinoveli ibalulekileyo "Iintliziyo Ubumnyama" kwasekwa okuvelayo uhambo eAfrika.

Ngowe-1893 UYosefu iyazazi umbhali Dzhonom Golsuorsi, lakhula laba ubuhlobo ngokunyanisekileyo ixesha elide. Zokufuna umbhali wanikela ngqangi ukufunda umbhali odumileyo "ziimfuno Olmeyera" inoveli, eyapapashwa ngo-1895. Okulandelayo sabona iinoveli ukukhanya "Exile," "Nkosi Dzhim," "Negro with" Narcissus "", "Nostromo" yaye "Iintliziyo Ubumnyama".

Best iincwadi Dzhozefa Konrada

Xa inoveli "Nkosi Dzhim" lumalunga iphenyane "Patna", ephethe kunqula eMecca. imozulu Raffle kunegalelo yokuba iqela woyika kunye iqabane lokuqala UJim ugqiba ukuba sehle ngokufihlakeleyo uze ushiye ukuba ukuzimela awubi abakhweli. Pilgrim basinda. Eli qela elindele ukuxoxwa kwetyala. UJim, ndayihluthwa mvume, kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele kwilali esemagqagaleni kwenye iziqithi Indonesia.

Xa inoveli "Iintliziyo Ubumnyama", ebhalwe phantsi kwempembelelo i okwenkawu nyaka-8 eAfrika, uchaza inkcaso endalo kunye nempucuko. Isikrini esekelwe phezu imisebenzi film "Apocalypse Ngoku" yabhalwa ngu Francis Ford Coppola.

Xa inoveli "I Negro kunye" Narcissus "" Nkosi Dzhim Dzhozef uKonrad ubalisa inqanawa zabarhwebi, esiza emva UK. Negro Dzhems Ueyt, ukuthintela ukwenziwa komsebenzi lwesiqhelo, wazenza ukuba abagulayo ngoko bakholwayo isifo sakhe, ekufikeni ekhaya okunene wagula waza washiya ihlabathi lokwenene.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi yombhali

Dzhozef uKonrad, ogama iincwadi ziye zabangela umdla wokwenene ukusuka kuluhlu olubanzi readers, waba ngumbhali othandwa eYurophu, wazinza eLondon, eshiya ulwandle ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene, waba nentsapho. Umfazi wakhe linguYese George. Esi sibini wayenoonyana Boris noYohane.

Ngowe-1914, xa isimemo ka Yusuf Retinger, umbhali Polish, Conrad watyelela ePoland, apho kwavela ima emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngowe-1921, abalungiselela ukubhala inoveli malunga uNapoleon, "Sokulinda", watyelela e Corsica, yaye ngo-1923 - eUnited States.

Iimpawu ze Dzhozefa Konrada

Ababephila wachaza Conrad njengendoda kunye nesimilo ezintle sasePoland, lowo ufana sobulumko kunye iprofayili aquiline ngamaxesha uzole. Ukuba awuzukukwazi ukutsala okanye ukukruquka, iye yatshintsha ngembonakalo, uba ngathi ingwe, kodwa ngokukhawuleza yadamba yaye yahlaselwa ngokwakhe.

Ndikhuliswe umnumzana, Dzhozef uKonrad, sachithwa Navy kangangeminyaka engama-20, ebesoloko wahlala wasemzini phakathi oomatiloshe. Ngoko ke, izihloko eziphambili imisebenzi yakhe yaba ingxaki ubulolo, ukuqondwa ngamampunge kobukho bomntu, nobutyhakala phithi. Ke, ngokungafaniyo yimbangi bengenamdla uxhathiso nobunzima zentsimbi kunye nekratshi. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, iphambi Conrad wahlawula feat esiqhelekileyo, nto leyo amaqhawe yemisebenzi yakhe yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Dzhozef uKonrad wabulawa yintliziyo Agasti 3, 1924. Lowo kwi bade udumo, ayikwazanga ukugqiba le inoveli "Sokulinda 'unguMsindisi uNapoleon ukususela Elba. Heroes imisebenzi Conrad, kwakunye yi ezakudala IsiNgesi, umzekelo obalaseleyo wendlela yokuphatha iimeko zobomi, ukuze aye kubo ophumeleleyo, lo gama kugcinwe ubuso nokuhlala oyinyaniso kuwe.