"Candide" yi uVoltaire: Uhlalutyo imveliso, ingcinga engundoqo mbono. "Candide": Isishwankathelo

"Candide" yi uVoltaire - inoveli yentanda satirical, neyasekwa ngowe kwinkulungwane ye-elinesibhozo, kodwa ezinye ixesha ekungavumelekanga ngenxa inani elikhulu isigcawu ezingcolileyo. Lo msebenzi umbuzo yethemba okubi, imikhuba oluntu kunye nokholo iimpawu yabantu engcono.

ukubhala ibali

UVoltaire - umbhali French ze yiEnlightenment. Wadala inani imisebenzi bulumko yobugcisa, hayi ngaphandle uvuthondaba elibukhali kokumgxeka. UVoltaire akazange ungathanda amandla webandla, yena alithethayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Yena waba umlweli wangumququzeleli nxamnye yimibono nonqulo, nokuthembela kwi ezinde bakhe bulumko kuphela lwesayensi.

Njengoko for izinto ezithile ezifana "ulonwabo", ngoko, ukuze achaze indawo yayo ngokuphathelele kulo mba ezintsonkothileyo, uVoltaire wabhala ibali adventure malunga enethemba Candide, owathi, nakuba onke amagalelo wekamva, abalahlekelwanga ukholo ekulungeni, ukunyaniseka kunye nokunyaniseka. Isiseko lo msebenzi waya isiganeko real - kwabakho inyikima Lisbon. Yaba into embi yendalo ngundoqo ngomnye iinoveli abadumileyo abewabhalile uVoltaire.

"Candide" - imveliso apho umbhali wala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, besithi kusolwa ukuba ezingezozakhe usiba lwayo. Noko ke, kule uphawu langoku ezintsha uvuthondaba uVoltaire kaThixo. "Candide" yenye yezona imisebenzi emihle katitshala French. Yintoni Kwakhona waxelela abafundi kweli bali ngu uVoltaire? "Candide", uhlalutyo eya ngezantsi - libali kubonakala ngathi akukho nto yokuqala krwaqu nje fun and eyonwabisayo. Kuphela phezu Ukuhlolisisa unako nzulu bulumko, nto leyo efuna ukudlulisela ku bexesha zabo uVoltaire ukufumana.

"Candide": Isishwankathelo

Ophambili kweli bali - ulutsha ecocekileyo kunye ezinobuhle. isimo sakhe nethemba ubomi lowo unetyala eya kutitshala, abathi ukususela ebuntwaneni yayiqinisekisa ukuba akunakuphepheka ulonwabo. Pangloss, ezizezi ebizwa ngokuba yi-spiritualized le sobulumko, wayeqinisekile ukuba uhlala kweyona ndawo intle yonke imihlaba kunokwenzeka. Akukho sizathu ukuba buhlungu.

Kodwa kanye Candida uphum'aphele lock lweenkobe. Isizathu sokuba oko Cunegonde ezintle, intombi Baron kaThixo, apho waye kukha akanankathalo. Yaye hero waqalisa ezula ejikeleza kwi ihlabathi, baphupha into enye kuphela - lokuphinda abe kunye naba- bakhe ulonwabo lokwenene abathandekayo uyazi. Le nto yokuba isekhona, Candide akazange nakancinane yathandabuza, nangona bonke ubunzima kunye nobunzima.

Adventure hero wanikela uhlobo intsomi yi uVoltaire. Candide, Cunegonde ukonga, uze ukubulala umntu. Wenza kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Njengoko ukuba ukubulala lo msebenzi kakhulu okufana lerinene. Kodwa ixhoba Candida ngomlingo weza ebomini.

Candide wafunda lukhulu. Wayesazi engxakini. Wakwazi lokuphinda abe kunye Cunegonde, Noko ke, kuphela emva kokufelwa yonke isibheno yakhe yangaphambili. Candide wafumana ikhaya kunye nabahlobo. Kodwa yintoni na ulonwabo, yena ke ndingaziwa. Kude kube ngoko, de ngenye imini inyaniso akazange ukufumana i lobulumko engaziwayo. "Injabulo - ukuba umsebenzi ngemihla" - i-sobulumko ojikelezayo wathi. Candido waba nyanzelekile ukuba ukholelwe kwaye uqale ku hlakulela igadi yakhe encinane.

ukwakheka

Njengokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa, ukubhala eli bali emva kokuba i Lisbon kwenyikima odumileyo iphefumlelwe uVoltaire. "Candide" - imveliso, apho isiganeko umlando isiqalo. Kumafa oko engundoqo. Kungenxa ngomfanekiso zeziganeko inyikima bali ifikelela incopho yayo.

Emva kokuba ukugxothwa nqaba kwaye kwintlekele Candide zenyuka walahleka ihlabathi. Inyikima usebenze amagunya akhe. Candide uVoltaire uba liqhawe amanene, zilungele nantoni na ukuze ukuhlangula nenekazi kwentliziyo. A Cunegonde Ngelo xesha, ukuba ubuhle ethereal obhinqileyo, kuba amadoda Lunyawukile ezinhle. Bulgarian umYuda yafunyanwa isiba yaye yenza ineshweshwe layo. I-Grand ngumncini akayi kuhlala sibukela. Kodwa ngequbuliso kukho Candide alitshabalalise zombini yokuqala neyesibini. Kamva, uTshawe aze ukulahla umzalwana wakhe amthandayo. baron bamakhazikhazi kuthiwa abanelisekanga imvelaphi umkhululi enkulu Kunigunda.

Candide uVoltaire ukhumbuza knight ka ingawenzi wabanumzana, ukusulungeka iingcinga. Kodwa ingcamango zeentanda-bulumko umsebenzi yombhali French awunanto itheni na indawo yaseSpain omkhulu.

El Dorado

imvelaphi Political kwaye olungenayo ethi "Candide." UVoltaire wathumela sisibhadu yakhe ebhadula ehlabathini lonke. Uba ubungqina lweziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali. Candide ukutyelela izixeko yaseYurophu, Umzantsi Melika kunye noMbindi Mpuma. Yena ivelela imisebenzi zomkhosi nxamnye bamaKatolika iSpanish, nesimilo ngokungenalusini bexesha uVoltaire kaThixo. Yaye ngokuthe ngcembe uqala ukuqaphela ukuba utitshala wamnika i onethemba ayikho isifundo emi enye. Konke mpendulo yakhe malunga ubuhle eli hlabathi kuba zililize ekungekho nzuzo nesenti ...

Kodwa ke akathanga ndiwuhlutha hero yakhe yokugqibela ithemba uVoltaire. Candide zonke ngoku ngoko ukuva amabali malunga kummandla omhle, apho abantu abangawaziyo * intlungu nosizi zonke ukuba bafuna, ukuba nomsindo, hayi onekhwele, yaye ngakumbi ke musa ukumbulala.

Candide ngu uVoltaire, ngasendleleni, kukho igama yokomfuziselo. Kuthetha "elula-babechubekile". Candide yeyela karhulumente wasentsomini apho bonke abahlali bonwabe. Abayi buza uSomandla izinto ubutyebi. Bathi enkosi kuphela kuye into abasele benayo. Le edge fabulous uVoltaire e inoveli yakhe bulumko sahluke ihlabathi lokwenene. Abantu ubani uhlangabezana Candide kulo lonke ibali, nokuba badume, kodwa andazi ukuba yintoni na ntsako. Akukho lula ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo ubomi, kunye basebukhosini.

Ezibanjiswe kwilizwe wasentsomini, Candide wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele kwilizwe lakhe limfiliba. Ngapha koko, kufuneka kwakhona ugcine Cunegonde.

wokulindela

Candide nethemba ngokungafaniyo kunye okubi seqabane lakhe. Martin ukholelwa kuphela koko abantu zibandakanyeke vice, yaye akukho nto ukutshintsha ngenxa ngcono. On imveliso yentanda ingcamango esekelwe wabhala uVoltaire? "Candide", umxholo yayo echazwe ngentla kancinane nje, kuba beyisekile ukuba eli hlabathi angcolileyo. Ukukholelwa ezilungileyo unako ukutshabalalisa kuphela umntu. Candide, ukuba umntu onyanisekileyo, ngokuthi noonqalintloko kunye itshivela, kangangokuba kwindawo yayo suku ngalunye uba buhlungu kakhulu. uyajola lakhe yomthengisi. izenzo Noble bangabi ezixatyisiweyo kuluntu, kunye Candide entolongweni.

Venice

Yintoni wafuna ukuba bathi kwinoveli yentanda yi uVoltaire? "Candide", isishwankathelo yayo thaca kweli nqaku, libali kwenzeka kuluntu namhlanje. hero uVoltaire iya eVenice ngethemba lokufumana intanda yakhe. Kodwa lilizwe elizimeleyo, uba ubungqina inkohlakalo yabantu. Apha udibana sicakazana evela enqabeni yomkhosi, apho wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe. Umfazi imfuneko yiya kwinyathelo kakhulu: yena wenza yayiphila ngunongogo.

ochwayithileyo yelo

Candide wamnceda umfazi. Ke imali wamnika kuye, akazange onwabe. Hero nangoku ushiya akukho themba ukufumana ulonwabo, okanye ubuncinane ukudibana nomntu ababemazi. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba isiphelo umzisa intshisakalo yelo xesha, ngubani na amarhe ukuba kusoloko mood echwayithileyo kwaye akazi buhlungu. Kodwa apha ilele bewulalela Candida ukuphoxeka. Yelo iyayikhaba ubuhle ifumana ulonwabo kuphela ukunganeliseki kunye nabanye.

Ubomi basefama

Kuthiwa Candide ebegqwese disenchanted-bulumko nethemba ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ingabi cha. iingongoma ezimbini ephikisanayo thaca ebalini. Omnye fanele kutitshala Pangloss. Okunye - Martin.

Candido waba sifumane okulingene ukuzikhululela ngentlawulelo ebukhobokeni Cunegonde, kwaye imali eseleyo ukuthenga ifama encinane. Apha ke ekugqibeleni ukuhlala yamashwa zabo, kodwa ngokuvumelana ngokomoya zafika ngoko nangoko. Jabberwocky kunye rants bulumko ziye zaba nomsebenzi osisigxina yabemi efama. Kude ngenye imini Candide akazange ndwendwela umntu omdala bonwabile.

"Kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlakulele umyezo"

Leibniz owazala ingcamango zeentanda-bulumko ukuvumelana jikelele. Umbhali French kwamchukumisa intanda-nzulu ngezinto waseJamani. Noko ke, emva kwenyikima, uVoltaire lapapasha mbongo abalicekisayo ngokupheleleyo imfundiso eseleyo okulungileyo nokubi. Okokugqibela ukuveza ingcamango yokuba utitshala Leibniz mazilawulwe ibali malunga adventures Candide.

"Kuyimfuneko ukuba abalima igadi" - ukuba le mbono ngoncedo omnye wabalinganiswa enalo kwisahluko yokugqibela uVoltaire. "Candide", isishwankathelo enika uluvo jikelele nje ingcamango zeentanda-bulumko umbhali, - Umsebenzi kufuneka ufunde ukuba azikho yokuqala, okanye ubuncinane ngokupheleleyo, layigqiba. Ngapha koko, iqhawe nobuhlungu engqondweni uVoltaire kaThixo ezaziwayo indoda mihla. Ulonwabo - umsebenzi ngokuthe rhoqo. Ukucinga nokuqiqa ngenjongo yobomi kunokukhokelela kuphela lithemba. Endaweni Eyokuqiqa kufuneka ngokuyimfuneko amanyathelo.