Development of yokuhlalisana eRashiya

Imbali kwabantu eRashiya waqalisa ukuvela kwi 60s 19veka. Yaba ngeli xesha, uluntu ukufunda kunye nabahlali lwezenzululwazi babeqhelene kuqala kunye iinguqulelo amanqaku neencwadi Comte. kwabantu ngokubanzi Russian ukuzithintela ngamandla kuhlolwa iingcamango Comte, kwakunye ukungabi namdla positivism aphesheya emva kokufa kwakhe. Igagasi "Ukufunda yesibini" ka Auguste Comte, bangenwa kumazwe aphuhlileyo kunye neFransi, naseRashiya bambamba. Le magazini "Ilizwi Russian", "owayephila ngexesha"; "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo", njl amanqaku baqala ukuvela kwi yokuhlalisana kunye Comte, ebhalwe uV Lesevichem, P. L. Lavrovym, D. I. Pisarevym.

Negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso yokuhlalisana eRashiya wenza kwezentlalo Russian lokuqala: wabaseki nenzululwazi kaKareha Yuzhakov, Mikhailovsky, Lavrov kunye nabanye. Baye negalelo kuphuhliso yokuhlalisana eRashiya, ukwakha indlela yayo ku ulwazi kunye nesifundo iziganeko lwentlalo. Bathi ngokusebenzisa indlela bemilo le ukuziphatha kwabantu bayo, ingakumbi abantu abanomdla, kuphuhliswa, esebenzayo - indlela ayinyani. Enye imisebenzi N. K. Mihaylovskogo wabizwa - 'Heroes nesihlwele ". Ukuphuhliswa kwabantu eRashiya yabalasela le miba ilandelayo: ukuvela yoluntu kweentlobo yezilwanyana, inkqubela oluntu kunye ukwahlulwa yabasebenzi, umlinganiselo lophuhliso zendalo nentlalo kuluntu, ifuthe ngenkqubela kwisigaba kwezoqoqosho.

Yokuhlalisana ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 eRashiya kuye ethile impumelelo. Ukuphuhliswa kwabantu eRashiya ngelo xesha yabalasela ukwandiswa uluhlu zeengxaki behlolisisa kwenzeka ezi nkalo zilandelayo: ngokwasengqondweni, eendawo, izinto eziphathekayo. Ngeli xesha yokuhlalisana Russian iqala ukuchaphazela uphuhliso zenzululwazi elide kumiselwa: imbali, nomthetho, intanda kunye nezinye ezentlalo.

Ukuba sithethe ngayo amanqanaba kuphuhliso isosioloji eRashiya, isigaba sokuqala kusenokwenzeka ukuba bathi ukwakheka, ukuzalwa yokuhlalisana eRashiya, eyathatha ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-60 ukuya kwengama-90 kwinkulungwane ye-19. Yaba ngeli xesha ukusasaza iingcamango lwezenhlalo, uMenzi kwicala ingcamango lwezenhlalo, wazithwala ingcambu kwinzululwazi Russian.

Yokuhlalisana eRussia kwisithuba ukususela kwiminyaka 90 kwinkulungwane ye-19 ukuya 20 kwenkulungwane yama-20, ozakuthathwa Inqanaba lesibini lophuhliso - kukho kumaziko, oko kukuthi ingqalelo yayo uluntu kunye norhulumente, ukusekwa zobunzulu lwazi, amasebe kunye nezigaba .. isiseko uluntu kunye nakwiincwadi zesayensi, njl

Kweli nqanaba kuphuhliso yokuhlalisana eRashiya kwenzeka ngokusebenzisana ngokusondeleleneyo angaphandle, oko kukuthi yokuhlalisana yaseYurophu.

Okubuhlungu kukuba, kule 1920. kwakhiwa sengqondo balumke ngakumbi kwaye nobutshaba nenzululwazi zentlalo ziziphathamandla yiSoviet iqala. Kugqitywe eli nyathelo yokuvala amaziko lwezenhlalo, neengcali kunye iimbono non-abangabaxhasi bakaMarx kunye neemfundiso agxothwayo eRashiya, okanye ithunyelwe kwiinkampu ukuba "imfundo-kwakhona". Ukususela ngo-1922, isebe ivaliwe kunye noqeqesho bayeka yokuhlalisana kwi kwiiyunivesithi zavalwa lwezenhlalo Society, ngokusekelwe M. M. Kovalevskim.

Isigaba sesithathu isosioloji Russian yaba 'abamnyama' yaye yathatha evela 1920. de-1950. Ngeli xesha, isosioloji ifumana ileyibhile of "inzululwazi yongxowankulu" kwaye bagxothwa intanda abangabaxhasi bakaMarx-Leninist nolobukomanisi zenzululwazi.

kumaziko olutsha ubuso baqala kuphela emva yabahlawulisiweyo "ubuntu ihlelo" ka Stalin, kodwa undivingcile yi kuphuhliso yokuhlalisana kwabantu CPSU yaye akazange afumane ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kuluntu.

Namhlanje, lo Isigaba sesine weza-1980 kwaye wamiswa luphuhliso olukhawulezayo Russian yokuhlalisana. Kwabantu ifumana le meko inzululwazi esizimeleyo kwaye kufundiswa kuzo zonke izikolo Russian.

Emva kokutyhutyha onke amanqanaba kuphuhliso isosioloji eRashiya siyabona ukuba enze ngaphezu kwesiqingatha iinkulungwane. Ngenxa yokuba yenye nenzululwazi olukhula ngokukhawuleza, kancane izithuba yolwazi lwethu malunga nonxulumano lwentlalo kunye noluntu, siye ngokuthe ubambisa up nesikolo wesizwe isosioloji kumazwe aphuhliswe abaye phambili.