Umgaqo yendlela ngqo kunye jet basafunda

KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II phakathi zonke iindlela ezisetyenziswayo alwayo amaqela, umdla okhethekileyo ezo kwiiyunithi yokulwa, isiphumo leyo yayisekelwe ukusetyenziswa umgaqo yokusabela ngqo.

Lo mgaqo ukufundelwa ngokomfuniselo kumaxesha amandulo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, Geron Aleksandriysky waba uphando lokuqala. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba yiminyaka elikhulu elinamanci mabini phambi kwexesha lobuKristu, wadala samanzi jet yokuqala. Yandlalwa yi ibhola Wosenza i "zokutyhomfa" ezibuhlazarha osisi ezithe baphikele kwi-engile ° 90. Ngaphakathi ibhola wondla zomphunga. Xa nge ityhubhu icala ( "iinkqubo") ngambini uye phandle, ekuqaleni ibhaluni ku gqiba nge. Noko ke, into yokuba esekwe nguHeron kwakungamandla awayeqhuba isicelo ngayo elo xesha akazange afumane.

Ulwazi lokuqala ngokusetyenziswa basabela phambili ukuba umhla irula bagxotha ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-10. Noko ke, ingqalelo ubungqina oluthembekileyo ngakumbi malunga enomjukujelwa lokwazisa kwi China ngenkulungwane ye-13 ngexesha Mongol lokuhlasela.

Ingcamango ngokusebenzisa indlela ngqo kungekudala eyangena eYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ayizange ukuphuhlisa. Ubukhulu becala oku ngenxa yokuba handguns ngenkulungwane ye-14 zadalwa (gun), nto leyo yaba yimpumelelo ngaphezu mijukujelwa Chinese.

Irula ishishini abanomdla eRashiya. Ngowe-1680 ukuba buzinzile yocweyo yokuqala kwimveliso imijukujelwa eMoscow. Xa umsebenzi wayo nto yathatha inxaxheba koko uPetros I.

Ngaxeshanye kunye nophuhliso kwimeko enomjukujelwa wancinwa waza jet basafunda. Ulwazi malunga ngophuhliso oluthile kulo mhla ndawo emva kwenkulungwane ye-17. Jet nezingenayo ngenkuthalo bafunda amanani zenzululwazi. Oku kuchazwa ngomthetho ulondolozo oluqhubekekayo. intshukumo lovukelo - eli intshukumo yomzimba ebangelwe kokwahlulwa inxalenye yawo ngesantya ethile. Ukuze yasinda umsebenzi kule ndawo Newton, Huygens, Bernoulli, Zhukovsky kunye nabanye.

ERashiya, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 okokuqala kukho ingcamango ukusebenzisa jet isimiso ukwakhiwa moya. Iprojekthi le mbono wadalwa bodumo Narodnaya Volya Kibalchich ngo-1881. Kamva kwiincwadi zakhe, Tsiolkovsky yaqulunqa projekthi, isindululo ngo-1903 ukuya ukusebenzisa jet basafunda unxibelelwano omncane. Uphuhliso ngakumbi kule nkalo zenzululwazi zafumana iincwadi Goddard, Oberth, Lorena. Ezi kunye nezinye abasebenzi zabakubonileyo sebephonononge embodiments ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa indlela ngqo, advantageously esebenzayo injini jet.

Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba izinto eziqokelelweyo theoretical component elishumi yokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20 nga ngokwaneleyo ukwenza oko kusenziwa ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngeli xesha umgaqo jet basafunda lalisetyenziswa kakhulu ukukhanyisa kunye eziba.

Ixesha eliphakathi iimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala kunye yesibini, ezahlukeneyo eqhuba umsebenzi osebenzayo kwaye olunzulu kuphuhliso moya jet. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, isixhobo esitsha ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa ngexesha umlo.

Namhlanje jet ndlela sibaluleke kakhulu zomkhosi kwaye ziphuhliswe ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: a injini reaction ngqo kwi ubume moya njengoko uhlobo esebenzayo izixhobo zokudubula. Nale yandile kwaye kweesiginali nokulayita kuthetha njenge uhlobo lwezixhobo yathi.

Kwakhona, kukho intshukumo esebenzayo indalo. Ngaloo ndlela, umz, squid, kwengwane, jellyfish, cuttlefish ukubana uphawu ngenxa ye jet amanzi ingatshintshwanga. Kwihlabathi zemifuno kwakhona ukubonwa umgaqo jet basafunda. Umzekelo, oyinzalelwane plant ithi esemazantsi "ebephuma cucumber." Ukusuka a touch ukukhanya neziqhamo ezivuthiweyo, nto leyo ufana yemixoxozi, oko abengezele sesiqu. Ngaloo neendyebo iyabhabha ngalo umngxuma imbewu ulwelo. "Inkonkomire" uhamba kwelinye icala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isantya yamanzi lobuso ukuya ku ezilishumi ngomzuzwana, kwaye iziqhamo inokubhabha waya leemitha elinambini.