Burn - it ... Unyango, zoncedo lokuqala, ukutsha degree

Phantse wonke umntu okungenani kanye ebomini bakhe ngokwakhe kwiimeko kakhulu okanye owayekwimeko esisongela ubomi bakho. Ngenxa yoko, uyakwazi ukufumana iintlobo zokwenzakala ezibanga ingozi enkulu kwimpilo. Kweli nqaku siza kuhlolisisa into ulitshisileyo, iintlobo, ubungakanani, kuncedisa ukonzakala ezinjalo.

Yintoni ukutsha

Fumana ukwenzakala kunokwenzeka nkqu ekhaya, singasathethi ke imveliso. Burn - a umonakalo yesikhumba, ezo zibangelwa thermal, imichiza, umbane, sesichengeni kwemitha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ukwenzakala abachaphazelekayo umphantsi nomphezulu ulusu, kodwa kwiimeko kakhulu nga ubunzima izihlunu, imithambo yegazi kunye ithambo.

Ukuba akuqiniseki ukunyanga njani ukutsha, impendulo iya kuxhomekeka iqondo kunye nobungakanani umonakalo. Kusenokwenzeka kwezinye iimeko ukulawula kunye mayeza ekhaya, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha care kakhulu olulodwa.

ubangela ukutsha

betshisa Cause ingaba ezahlukahlukeneyo yezizathu, obubonakala ngokuba neempawu zabo iimpawu umonakalo. Burns kungabangela:

• izinto thermal;
• chemical;
• kagesi;
• exposure radiation;
• ziibhaktheriya (a ebizwa ngokuba yi-imbabala lomlilo).

Zonke ezi meko zingachaphazela ezinamazinga ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke le ndawo itshileyo kuya kuba iimpawu zabo kwaye zifuna unyango ngamnye.

imihlobo amanxeba

Avamise kakhulu ukutsha thermal, oko kukuthi, abo afunyenwe ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni:

• YoMlilo. Amaxesha amaninzi yonakele iphecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla, ubuso. Xa kukho ilahleko amalungu omzimba, enzima kakhulu yinkqubo yokususa iimpahla ukusuka kwiindawo otshiswayo.
• Amanzi abilayo. Phantse wonke wakubona oku. Le ndawo isenokuba ubunzulu encinane, kodwa ezibalulekileyo.
• Umphunga. ngokuqhelekileyo umonakalo Loo nto ibangele iingxaki ezininzi.
• izinto Hot: bakholisa ukushiya imida ecacileyo kunye izilonda enzonzobila.

Xa ukutsha thermal degree of umonakalo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• ubushushu;
• Ubude igalelo;
• izinga conductivity thermal;
• nemeko ngokubanzi yempilo kunye nesikhumba abachaphazelekayo.

Chemical abase - a sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi isikhumba evela ezahlukeneyo izinto zibe nerusi ezifana:

• acid (emva loo exposure sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ngokuqhelekileyo nzulu).
• alkalis;
• iityuwa heavy metal ezifana nitrate yesilivere, zinc chloride, nto leyo edla ezibangela ukutsha ukuya kumphezulu esikhumbeni.

ukutsha Electrical zingafumaneka emva kumfowunelwa izinto conductive. Yangoku yagcwala ngalo izihlunu, igazi, ulwelo fluid. Risk yokuvela babantu ngaphezu 0.1 A.

Olona phawu lokwahlula kuba phambi lokungena nokuphuma amanqaku zombane kukothuka. Le lwethikh ekuthiwa ngoku. indawo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi idla ezincinane kodwa nzulu.

betshisa Imitha zingahlanganiswa:

1. Nge UV. ukutsha ezinjalo lula ukufumana abalandeli ukuba ilanga ngexesha lasemini. indawo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi idla esikhulu, kodwa ayikwazi ukumelana ngoncedo amayeza ekhaya.
2. Nge sesichengeni ionizing kwemitha. Xa oku kuchaphazela kuphela eluswini, kodwa ke amalungu ezisecaleni kunye namalaphu.
3. Imisebe infrared. Oku kubangela komtshiso kwenwebu yamehlo, retina, isikhumba. Hlula kuxhomekeke ixesha ifuthe le into embi.

Kwaye enye uhlobo itshileyo - oko imbabala ngumlilo, esinokubangela iintlobo ezithile ezincinane. Obangelwa kwakhona yahluka ukusuka izilonda ezincinane nodular ukuba umbuso Wayemsongela kanye nobomi babantu, afana nokuphuhliswa syndrome ulusu staphylococcal elinyukayo.

isha Degree kanye imbonakalo

Burn ingafumaneka njengongabalulekanga ngokupheleleyo, yaye enjalo kufuneka esibhedlele ngokungxamisekileyo. Kuxhomekeka kubunzima le sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi, imiphumo nazo eyahlukileyo ngokubalulekileyo usuka kwenye. Kukho izidanga ezininzi amanxeba:

1. I isidanga sokuqala (I) uthathwa ukuba ibe lula. Ukuba buchaphazela anozizi ndawo isikhumba kwisiza komtshiso, ukudumba okungephi. Nale umonakalo kuchaphazela kuphela zikhabane zangaphandle ulusu, ngoko akukho iingxaki ezinkulu azikho, unyango olulodwa asifuneki, saza emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa, phantse akukho mkhondo nokutsha.
2. Grade II kakhulu: iphawulwe intlungu kwimimandla elinyukayo, ukuba bomvu, nokudumba. Ngenxa kwecala sangaphandle nga bagcine ukuyilwa kumadyunguza. Ukuba banikeni zinqoze yabo, emva ezimbini kweeveki, kuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo lwenzeka ngaphandle nentwana.
3. III-A isidanga. Nale kokoyiswa kuchaphazela kuphela sangaphandle, kodwa inxalenye zoboya, kwamadlala ibekwe esikhumbeni. Waphawula ukufa yethishyu ngenxa yotshintsho nemithambo ngokuzigwagwisa lahamba phezu yonke ububanzi ulusu. Degree zivutha 3 ngokwayo yakha grey eqweqweni okanye umbala ukukhanya omdaka, kodwa phambi kokuba oko kuyimfuneko namadyungudyungu owawufikelela ubungakanani umxhelo. Ukuphila lixesha elide kwaye ifuna ungenelelo lonyango.
4. level III-B. Isilonda idlulisela zonke esicwangciswe eluswini, kuquka amanqatha ongama. namadyungudyungu benziwa kuzala amanzi, igazi-enemizila. Iintlungu zisenokungabi qatha okanye engekho ngokupheleleyo. Ukumelana zokulimala nekungenakwenzeka ukuba baphumelele.
5. Burn degrees 4. Le fom kakhulu. It wayibhiyozela ngokoyiswa zonke esicwangciswe imvaba lokufakwa zezihlunu, imisipha kunye namathambo. Zakha emnyama uqweqwe phantse omnyama ngebala, inokubuyiselwa ibonwa iimpahla lwemithambo. Ngenxa ngokoyiswa kwalapho umonakalo, ukuze isigulane akuthethi zintlungu phantse. basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba zinetyhefu kunye nophuhliso iingxaki ezahlukeneyo.

Amaninzi ngomlilo - oku isidanga, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa eziliqela. Ubungqongqo meko njengoko kumiselwe yi-ndawo abachaphazelekayo. Ngokuxhomekeke koku, kukho ukutsha:

• Makhulu apho kwama-15% yesikhumba abachaphazelekayo.
• Neobshirnye.

Ukuba isilonda olubanzi abangaphezulu kwama-25% ulusu, kukho amathuba okuba enkulu yesifo komtshiso oko.

Yintoni isifo isilonda?

Livela yale ingxaki kwaye ubukhulu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ubudala nexhoba.
• Indawo kummandla ochaphazelekayo.
• isilonda Degree.
• indawo umonakalo.

Burn izifo izigaba zophuhliso yayo zilandelayo:

1. Umothuko. Ingahlala ukusuka iiyure eziliqela iintsuku eziliqela, konke oko kuxhomekeka kwindawo abachaphazelekayo. Uninzi degrees ecacileyo bothukile:

• Eyokuqala luphawulwa ngokutshiswa iintlungu, uxinzelelo kwesiqhelo izinga ngentliziyo kwelo uluhlu ibetha 90 ngomzuzu.
• Xa intliziyo kwiqondo lesibini ibetha kaninzi, xi amathontsi, ubushushu bomzimba yancitshiswa, ukoma ibonakala.
• Xa ngaphezulu kwama-60% sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ulusu elifana neli 3 isidanga bothukile. Isimo Ebalulekileyo. Imifino ngokulambisa awubonakali, uxinzelelo eliphantsi.

2. atshise toxemia. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yempembelelo iimveliso zeethishu nokonakala ngomzimba. Ngokwesiqhelo kwenzeka kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba ukwenzakala kwaye sihlala iiveki 1-2. Ngelo xesha linye umntu uziva ubuthathaka, isicaphucaphu, mhlawumbi ukugabha, nomkhuhlane.

3. septicotoxemia. Kuthathela iintsuku ezili-10 kwaye ithatha iiveki eziliqela. Ukulawula usulelo. Ukuba Dynamics unyango iya kuba mibi, usongela ukufa. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba isilonda iqondo 4 okanye ukwenzakala yinto engenabunzulu.

5. ukululama. unyango ngamachiza olusebenzayo akugqiba ukuphiliswa amanxeba komtshiso kunye nokubuyisela izibilini.

Ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwesifo ngokutshiswa, umele aqhumisele amaxhoba wasiwa esibhedlele. Oogqirha baya kuba nako ukuhlola izinga ubungqongqo zokonzakala kwaye kuya kufuneka uncedo olusebenzayo.

uncedo lokuqala ukutsha

Enoba okungenzeka zabangelwa zokutsha, kufuneka kuqala enze la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukuyeka umthombo kukwaphulwa.
2. Ngokukhawuleza cool sifo kwindawo ulusu.
3. Unyango amanxeba nokusebenzisa avale wawuqalekisa.
4. Okudambisa ubuhlungu.
5. Biza i-ambulensi ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Kubalulekile ukuba ulahlekile kwimeko nendlela iimeko umonakalo okanye ukuzisa abantu ngokukhawuleza kunokuba lupheliswe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka iqondo kolusu. Ukupholisa Rapid kunceda ukuze kunqandwe ukutshatyalaliswa ephilile. Ukuba isilonda degrees 3, ngomlinganiselo akwenziwanga kwenziwa.

Kuxhomekeka umba umxhelo, amanyathelo kuqala zoncedo ukuze bokuqonda zabo. Makhe sihlolisise izinto ezingakumbi.

uncedo lokuqala ukutsha thermal

Ngezi yokulimala phantse wonke umntu ebomini bakho sifumaneka, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuze akwazi ukunceda wena okanye usapho lwakho kulo meko. Home for elivutha yale hlobo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Indlela ungenza ukuphelisa ifuthe zizathu umonakalo ngokukhawuleza, oko kukuthi, ukuba lirhoxe kule ndawo emlilweni, ukususa okanye kucinywe iimpahla avuthayo.
2. Ukuba isilonda incinane, kuyimfuneko ukuba pholisa le ndawo ochaphazelekayo amanzi abalekayo imizuzu 10-15 uze wenze ngelaphu elicocekileyo emanzi.
3. Ukuze ukutsha kakhulu ngakumbi, ukupholisa ayikho imfuneko yoko, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba agubungele esilondeni bujikelwe ngeqhiya.
4. Susa amathuba ubuciko.
5. Thatha iintlungu, ezifana "ibuprofen", "paracetamol".

It kungavunyelwa ukutsha thermal:

• Bazihlube iingubo ukuba wanamathela enxebeni.
• Imngene kumadyunguza.
• Kungalo kummandla ochaphazelekayo.
• Nxeba smear ibhotolo, cream, ayodini, pheroksayidi kunye nezinye izinto.
• Awunako ukubeka uboya, ice ngamabala.

Ukuba isilonda enzulu, kuya kufuneka unyango.

isilonda insimbi

Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi izilonda aba kushishino kwemichiza, kodwa kusenokwenzeka kwaye eklasini chemistry, ukuba anithanga ukuthobela imigaqo yokhuseleko. Xa baboniswa ichiza kufuneka ngokukhawuleza yokungenelela ukusebenza kwayo.

Nceda eshe imichiza acid iqulathe ekunyangeni isisombululo amanxeba soda okanye amanzi anesepha. Ukuba negalelo kwealkali, ngoko umelwe zihlanjwe kuqala kakuhle ngamanzi, yaye emva koko ziphathwe-2% acetic okanye citric acid.

Xa ufumana ikhemikali utshisa i kakhulu ngakumbi kuya kufuneka ukuba ufumane uncedo.

Nceda eshe zombane

Fumana atshiswe electric inokuba kusekhaya okanye emsebenzini. Okokuqala kuyimfuneko Nokwethisa umthombo kukwaphulwa. Kuphela ukwenza oku ngendlela ekhuselekileyo. Inxeba kufuneka wambu ngeqhiya.

Ungafumana evikivekileyo, kwaye iya kuba yanele ukuba basele iti ashushu uze unike sine kwixhoba. Kuba yokulimala Inokwenzeka ilahleko lokuqonda. Kule meko kuyimfuneko babhenele amanyathelo zoncedo ezongezelelweyo:

• Fumana indawo entofontofo kwixhoba.
• Qinisekisa ukuba kukho ugxalathelwano umoya.
• Ikhulule yomoya kwempahla kwemfuneko.
• Intloko yabuyela kwicala elinye.
• De kufike i-ambulance ukulandela ukubetha kwentliziyo nokuphefumla.
• Ukuba ukwenzakala unobuzaza kangangokuba kukho zokuma, kuyimfuneko ukwenza CPR kunye compressions isifuba imisipha yenhliziyo.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kukho iimeko apho isantya lokuqala zoncedo kuxhomekeke ebomini bomntu.

isha Imitha noncedo lokuqala

Fumana loo monakalo ezinokubangelwa eyingozi, infrared kunye nemitha. Olu hlobo ukutsha kakhulu olwahlukileyo kwabanye kuloo esiqwini ye ionization leyo ebangela utshintsho kubume kwemolekyuli protini.

Xa radiation ukutsha kufuneka isidanga yabo kobunzima:

• Le isidanga sokuqala luphawulwa bomvu, ukurhawuzelela kunye otshisayo.
• Xa kuvela kumadyunguza amandla yesibini.
• degree Okwesithathu kwezo mpawu zidweliswe ziquka inyama necrosis kunye nezigulo wokujoyina.

Xa unika uncedo lokuqala emva kokufumana ukutsha imitha, andikwenzi;

1. Chukumisa inxeba ngezandla zakho okanye wawubeka izinto non-abawaziyo.
2. Ukuba amaqampu kuvela, ngoko abanako kuhlatywa.
3. Sebenzisa ukuba unyango ukuhombisa amanxeba.
4. Faka ice. Oku kuphela kungakhokelela frostbite, kodwa inokubangela i shoka zokutsha ukusuka ukutshintsha ngesiquphe kwamaqondo obushushu.

isha eye

Cause iliso ukutsha abe zonke ezo zinto ziye zaxoxwa apha ngasentla. I-lizwe zinokuba nomahluko, ngokuxhomekeke kule ndawo ikude:

• isilonda kwenwebu;
• ubudala;
• retina;
• lens.

The degree of intshabalalo kunokuba ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuba lokuqala kakhulu efanele unyango ekhaya kwaye yabaneziphumo ezihle, ukulimala kakhulu kufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele, kwaye imiphumo inokuba emibi.

Iimpawu eziya ikhombe onesiphumo kurhawula iliso, oku kulandelayo:

• Ububomvu kunye ukudumba.
• ubuhlungu obukhulu.
• Lacrimation.
• Ukoyika bokukhanya.
• Nciphisa kwi acuity olubonakalayo.
• Ukutshintsha koxinzelelo intraocular kuyo naliphi icala.

Ukuba kukho umonakalo radiation emehlweni, ezinye ezi mpawu zingasentla kusenokungabi ukuzibonakalisa.

Kwimeko zoqhagamshelwano kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ahlambe emanzini aphilileyo ukuba imizuzu eli-15 emehlweni kweekhemikhali. Athontsize amathontsi kubola, umzekelo, "Floksal". Inwebu amehlo zibe ithanjiswe, bayigubungele ngelaphu kwaye athumele umguli zamehlo.

Burn ngu welding, ebhekiselele umqadi ube mnye, ukuze kungenzeki ngoko nangoko, kodwa emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kodlwengulo. Iimpawu zithwala izilonda ezinjalo:

• ubuhlungu ukusika strong emehlweni;
• amehlo alilayo;
• ukuncipha ngequbuliso embonweni;
• ukoyika Gweb.

Ukuba ichaphazela amehlo kufuneka banike uncedo ngoko nangoko. Ukususela oku kuya kuxhomekeka ukusebenza konyango.

unyango isha

Njengoko ubungqongqo ukutsha inokuba nomahluko, kwaye unyango ke iintlobo ezimbini:

• ngokonga;
• ekhawulezileyo.

Ukhetho amakhambi kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• indawo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi lilonke;
• ubunzulu komtshiso oko;
• indawo okubi;
• unobangela esamcaphukisayo ndawo itshileyo;
• uphuhliso isifo isilonda;
• ubudala nexhoba.

Xa siqwalasela indlela ivaliwe ngenxa unyango amanxeba, wenza isicelo inxeba ukunxiba kunye iziyobisi therapeutic. Xa kukho kukha abatshileyo kunye nowobulali, ngoko umhlabelo, akuzange kufuneke ukuba itshintshwe rhoqo - inxeba liya liphola ngokukhawuleza.

Phambi isidanga sesibini zivutha endaweni enyanzeliswa phezu namafutha aqholiweyo bactericidal, umzekelo, "levomikol" okanye "Silvatsin". Bona zinqanda ukukhula iintsholongwane. Tshintsha umhlabelo, ukuba kuyimfuneko zonke iintsuku ezimbini.

Kwimeko amanxeba of 3 no-4, ukuyilwa kwento uqweqwe ukuze ekuqaleni kuyimfuneko ukunyanga indawo engqonge yeoli Bactericidal kubola kunye nasemva uqweqwe shwaka (njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiiveki 2-3) zingasetyenziswa.

Xa indlela okuvala unyango zinezibonelelo zayo nezingalunganga. I yangaphambili zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Le lokunxibela ayilufumani zokugula inxeba.
• Ikhusela inxeba umonakalo.
• Imithi ukukhuthaza ukuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza.

ukusuka kulandelayo kuvela Ilishwa:

• Ukuba utshintsha iqhiya isiguli ubuhlungu.
• Ukubhubha tissue ukuze bandiqumbise ukunxila.

Xa indlela closed onyango usebenzisa ubuchule ezikhethekileyo, ezifana imitha yelanga, izihluzi antibacterial. Zisoloko zifumaneka kumaziko isilonda ezizodwa.

Le ndlela unyango ikhuthaza ukubunjwa ngokukhawuleza a uqweqwe. Amaninzi isetyenziselwa elivutha kobuso, perineum kunye nentamo.

therapy operative

Kwezinye iimeko, xa ukutsha kakhulu yaye bababamba iindawo ezinkulu, oko kuyimfuneko ukubhenela ungenelelo yotyando. Isebenzisa ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

1. Necrotomy. Ugqirha inqumla noqweqwe, ukuqinisekisa unikezelo igazi emzimbeni. Ukuba wenza njalo, uya ukuphuhlisa necrosis.
2. Necrosectomy. Amaninzi kubhaliwe kwenziwa ukutsha degree 3 ukuya ukususa nyama. Inxeba icocwe kakuhle, kuthintela suppuration.
3. A necrectomy zigaba. Oku kwenziwa kwi burns ezinzulu kwaye nokuthantamisa ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa indlela yangaphambili. Ukususwa yethishyu oluqhutywa abapase eziliqela.
4. Umlenze. Le meko kakhulu kakhulu, xa unyango alusebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba asuse lomzimba ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe necrosis.

Zonke iindlela zotyando, ngaphandle yokugqibela, uze uphele ukufakelwa nesikhumba. Kaninzi ayikwazanga ukufakela izigulane ulusu lwakhe, athathwe kwezinye iindawo.

Iindlela ethandwayo ukunyanga ukutsha

Abaninzi uyazibuza ukuba aphilise indlela umtshiso ekhaya? Ngokumalunga umonakalo kwiBakala 3 no-4, umbuzo apha akukho nokuba kuxoxwe - kwaye kufuneka ziphathwe kuphela esibhedlele. Stage ukutsha kusenokwenzeka ukuzama ukunyanga indlu.

Kukho iindlela esiqinisekisiweyo ezininzi ukusuka amaxhwele, phakathi kwabo kakhulu zithandwa yaye ukusebenza ilandelayo:

1. Ukuba ufumana tikaka, isohlwayo uya kumnceda ukumelana nesoda yokubhaka.
2. A cutha kweti onamandla unako bawubuyise urhulumente abachaphazelekayo.
3. Ilungiswe ukusuka 1 itheyibhile ukhamba wesitatshi kunye iglasi yamanzi Ukwakhiwa nokusebenzisa izihlandlo eziliqela ngemini kwezi ndawo zichaphazelekayo.
4. Ukuba ityalwa igozi oyile lesi ulwandle isicelo komtshiso oko, ngoko ke amanxeba iza kuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
5. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ukutsha degrees 2 kakuhle ngokukhawuleza zinokunyangeka iitapile ekrwada. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe yonke imizuzu 3 entsha noxolelwano zamazambane. Namadyungudyungu kubonakala ukuba ukuqalisa le unyango ngoko nangoko emva kokwenzakala.
6. Lungisa wamafutha 3 amacephe eoyile zikajongilanga 1 icephe fini. Faka le zithako kufuneka ibe amaxesha 3-4 ngosuku.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba bamelane ngokwabo ngaphandle nefuthe kwimpilo inokuba zokutsha kancinane kuphela. yokulimala zifuna ungenelelo lonyango.

iingxaki ovutha

Kuba naluphi na ukwenzakala isilonda akukho nezima kuphela, ingakumbi kwindawo enkulu, kodwa kukho usuleleko into naliphi na ixesha bajoyine. Imiba yomngcipheko ziquka iimeko sleduyuie:

• Ukuba hit ngaphezu kwama-30% yendawo umphezulu umzimba.
• Isilonda idlulisela zonke esicwangciswe esikhumbeni.
• Kweentsana kunye nokuguga.
• Ukumelana nemithi amagciwane ibangele usulelo.
• inkathalo engafanelekanga kunye nokhathalelo inxeba.
• Emva yotyando sokwala yenzekile.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi iingxaki, unyango kufuneka wenziwe kwiiklinikhi ezikhethekileyo. Burn - yinto embi kakhulu, ingakumbi ebantwaneni, ngubani nazo labagula kakhulu kwengqondo.

unyango wokukhusela wezulu kusoloko kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ixhoba ndasiwa esibhedlele, le olusebenzayo unyango iya kuba, yaye kwakhona iza kufika ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingozi encinci yeengxaki. Imiphumo zokutsha kunokuba vuhlayiseki, ukuba ukunika uncedo ngexesha.