Bone Pastern: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Yintoni na ithambo pastern? Zeziphi imisebenzi eziyenzayo? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye zingafunyanwa kweli nqaku. Brush isisahlulo distal lwe ngesandla, amathambo leyo iqulathe amathambo metacarpal, iminwe (phalanges) kunye esihlahleni.

isakhiwo

Yintoni na ithambo pastern? Kulo mbuzo siza impendulo, kodwa ngoku ukufumanisa isakhiwo esihlahleni. Kubume bayo kukho ezisibhozo amathambo ezimfutshane nomsi- ezibekwe imigca emibini, abane nganye:

• phezulu: i-mbini amathathu, navicular, semilunar, pisiform;
• Lower: capitatum, kwikasi, hook-emile, ithambo trapezoid.

Isiphelo esezantsi ye embindini kunye ulna ngqo amathambo carpal enza esihlahleni entsonkothileyo joint, nto leyo enokwenza amathuba kuzo zonke zontathu nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi. Amathambo kumgca ongezantsi kuqhotyoshelwe phezulu emathanjeni phezulu, ezantsi - ukuya knuckles metacarpus, yaye omnye komnye, ukwakha amalungu malopovorotlivye.

Umgca elandelayo amathambo uyila ithambo pastern. Kukho ezintlanu kuphela, inani ngeminwe. isiseko sabo liqhagamshelene ithambo esihlahleni. Njengoko kwakunye amathambo metacarpal, phalanges nilithambo mfutshane tubular. umnwe nganye phalanges ezintathu: proximal (isiseko), i-avareji aphuculweyo kunye nesiphelo distal okanye (isikhonkwane). Kuphela nasesithupheni yi umnyinyiva, njengoko lisekwa phalanges ezimbini - isikhonkwane kunye ezisisiseko. Phakathi phalanges yomnwe nganye nethambo metacarpal ezimile joint eshukumayo.

ithambo pastern

Zingaphi amathambo ziyinxalenye metacarpal? It iqulathe amathambo ezintlanu metacarpal cortical. Kukodwa nje lithambo yesibini evuthelweyo metacarpal, kwaye imfutshane - metacarpal lithambo ubhontsi (eyokuqala), nto leyo luphawulwa massiveness yayo.

Ezinye knuckles ukuya kumda ulnar yokuhla isandla ubude. intloko nganye metacarpal apho, isiseko kunye nomzimba. neziseko zazo nokuphimisela ngamathambo carpal. iziseko kumphezulu Articular kunye metacarpals yesihlanu lokuqala imilo undim. Ezinye kumphezulu articular uthe tyaba. Xa metacarpals sinentloko, ayifani articular kumphezulu hemispherical kwaye inxibelelene ngamathambo ngomnwe proximal.

iinkcukacha

Ngoko ke, siya kuqhubeka ukufunda pastern phambili. Zingaphi amathambo iye? Kakade ukuba amathambo ezintlanu metacarpal enza pastern. Xa uhlobo basonta amathambo ezimfutshane tubular kunye epiphysis kuphela yokwenene (ithambo monoepifizarnye). Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba yi komyalelo - I, II, III, njalo njalo, ukuqala ngomnwe yokuqala.

Ngelo eziphelweni proximal babangenagama II-V amathambo articular kufuneka iinkalo caba apho kusebenza uqhagamshelwano emathanjeni kumgca kwisihlahla lwesibini, yaye ezo zicwangciswe kwicala ngalinye - kuba uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwabo. I knuckled isiseko pastern na imilo undim articular kunye trapezoidal prichlenyaetsya emathanjeni carpal, njengoko kungekho iinkalo ecaleni apha.

Base II ithambo pastern iyinxalenye intlanganiso imiswe ngohlobo ekujikeni egubungele ithambo carpal. Ngokusekelwe V metacarpal ngenqindi, ecaleni layo ulnar, sele idolo. Ngomhla iintloko amathambo metacarpal kufuneka iindawo articular khaxa kuyimfuneko ukuba isiphambuka kunye namathambo proximal neminwe. Ngomhla emacaleni elitywinwe roughened iintloko ebonakalayo - iindawo lungu attachment.

ithambo tubular

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba amathambo ezincinane tubular ziquka amathambo kunye phalanges metacarpal kunye metatarsals. Kuba amathambo elide tubular kuba yifemur, lesiquluba kunye lesiquluba, kwakunye ngengqiniba, ngegxalaba kunye nemitha. amathambo umlenze lume bakha malunga nesiqingatha akhule.

Yintoni amathambo elide? Le trihedral ithambo okanye imilo zezindlu kokuba ububanzi ngaphantsi ubude. Bona eziphezu iziphelo epiphyses, Bathiwe wambu hyaline articular intlala kukhula ikakhulu ngenxa yokunyuka ubude emzimbeni (diaphysis). Va diaphysis kunye metaphysis epiphyses zibekwe ebuntwaneni kunye ukufikisa eziquka epiphyseal intlala nembasa.

isakhiwo

Ngoko ke, sele ukwazi kangakanani na ithambo (metacarpal) ababandakanyekayo intshukumo neminwe. Kwaye yintoni ke isakhiwo ithambo tubular? Ngaphandle kokuba igutyungelwe periosteum - umaleko kwizicwili. Bone epiphysis emelwe ikakhulu ithambo cancellous eziqulathe lomongo wethambo ebomvu, diaphysis - kweziyobisi amathambo compact. Xa iziko kukho ichibi diaphyseal medullary, uzele lomongo wethambo omdala olulubhelu. Le into iqulathe iiseli namanqatha.

ibrashi

amathambo Metacarpal kunye phalanges abo amathambo ngesandla. Yintoni amathambo iminwe? Ezi ezincinane, wabeka omnye emva kokuba omnye kuphela amathambo epiphysis yokwenene (ithambo mnoepifizarnye). Ewe kuthiwa phalanges. umnwe nganye phalanges amathathu: avareji, distal kunye proximal. Nasesithupheni na ngaphandle, njengoko liye phalanges amabini kuphela - distal kunye proximal. Kuzo zonke izilwanyana, oko kangaka luyalambatha kwaye egqitha kumda lokukhula kuphela ebantwini.

Isiseko proximal articular ithambo uvelisa umngxuma enye, nto leyo efunekayo ukudibanisa intloko ukulenza. Xa iziseko phalanges distal nophakathi na ezingontsingontsini flat, scallop ezahlulwe. Bona linxibelelene iintloko phalanges eliphakathi proximal ngayo, ezimila ekwimo ibhloko kunye umngxuma embindini.

Kuphela phalanges atshabalalisa kunye abahlukunyezwa. Kule ndawo namalungu interphalangeal kwaye metacarpophalangeal isandla, apho kuqhotyoshelwe ezi imisipha, ke amathambo sesamoid. Bona rhoqo kwi ngomnwe kuqala, akukho lula kwelinye icala.

Ibhola amalungu esandleni

Kukho iibhrashi ke amalungu metacarpophalangeal, leyo akhiwa neziseko phalanges proximal kunye neentloko amathambo metacarpal. Zonke ezi amalungu ibe nemigca enqamleze ezintathu macala aa Incopho na ujikelezo, nalapho kukho adduction ekude kunye, circumduction () ekhonkcwe kwisiqu, straightening ukugobeka, ukanti babe imilo ukulenza. Ulwandiso kunye flexion kusenzeka 9-100 °, adduction nokuxhwilwa - ngo-45-50 °.

nemisipha izibambiso siqinise amalungu metacarpophalangeal sibekwe ngapha nangapha kwabo. Nasentendeni kwi njengezingxobo namalungu kufuneka lungu ezongezelelweyo, ebizwa namasundu. Ezi Imicu zimanyene kunye kwimicu ezinqamlezayo lungu metacarpal nzulu apho abangaphangeliyo iintloko divergence metacarpal knuckles ngaphandle.

amalungu flat

Wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba ithambo yimalini yinxalenye pastern. Kwaye yintoni okuthathwa amalungu carpometacarpal esandleni? Oku kuhambisana le distal amathambo carpal ngokuhambelana neziseko metacarpal. Ezi asekhona luyeke ukusebenza uze ke ube isicaba, kuthatyathwe edibeneyo carpometacarpal ze ubhontsi. Ubungakanani iintshukumo kubo ayidluli 5-10 °. Lability kwezi amalunga, ngokunjalo phakathi amathambo carpal yenzelwe nemisipha kuphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Iinyanda kubekwa phezu komhlaba entendeni yesandla sakho, wenze izixhobo palmar lungu olomeleleyo. Yena uyanamathela amathambo carpal omnye komnye, kwakunye emathanjeni metacarpal. Capitatum kwi izixhobo lungu kubalulekile. It encamathele kuyo inkoliso nemisipha.

Ezithungwini ibhrashi diff kuphuhliswa buthathaka kakhulu entendeni. Ziye ke kudityaniswe omnye komnye nezihlahla iqanjwa capsule ubukhulu egubungela amalungu phakathi kwezi amathambo ibekwa. Umgca wesibini amathambo carpal, ukongeza entendeni kunye umva, lungu njengoko interosseous eqhotyoshelweyo.

Bone imigca sosana distal kwaye (II-V) ezine ithambo malomanevrenny pastern ngokunxulumene omnye komnye yaye ngokuqinileyo siqhagamshelwe iyunithi elipheleleyo ezenza engundoqo ophambili ithambo ithambo. Kulo mba, ukuba okhethiweyo njenge isiseko brush esiqinileyo.

bone Polygonal ubuvuvu wethambo yokuqala metacarpal yakha ilunga carpometacarpal le ngebrashi yokuqala umnwe. Imiphezulu ntsebenziswano imilo undim. Ilunga kungaba isindululo esinjalo: nokuxhwilwa kunye adduction, intshukumo umva (Ukumiswa) kunye nenkcaso (nenkcaso) kunye circumduction () ekhonkcwe kwisiqu.

Nasesithupheni eliphikisa zonke ezinye iminwe, ngoko ke umthamo wokukuqonda iintshukumo ngesandla linyuke kakhulu. parameters Motility kwi joint carpometacarpal ze ubhontsi i-45-60 ° nokuxhwilwa naphezu actuation kunye 35-40 ° ngexesha intshukumo ukubuya kunye umahluko.