Baphila njani yena wasebenza Pol Gogen? Lo msebenzi wobuciko lwabhalwa ngu bexesha lakhe

Wafa ubuhlwempu, ayaziswa kwaye Ikhowudi yi bexesha lakhe. Le artist, ngubani balizukisa xesha post-impressionism ukupeyinta, kunye Van Gogh kunye Cézanne - Pol Gogen imizobo leyo namhlanje zifakiwe kuluhlu lwe mizobo kakhulu eninzi kuthengiswa efandesini zoluntu kunye ifandesi luvaliwe. Idla ngokuba 'esihogweni Gauguin ", yaye ingqalelo ngokwakhe unelishwa ukususela ebuntwaneni yathetha uThixo' kokusesikweni kunye nenkohlakalo." Eneneni, ukufunda biography of artist enkulu, ubuya ucinga ukuba isiphelo ububi sijinga phezu kuye bonke ubomi bakhe: Iimvavanyo ezininzi, ukungaphumeleli kunye nezifo kunye indlela yakhe yasemhlabeni, eyenza kube nzima ukuba sokuyila kwaye singavumeli incasa udumo kunye ingqalelo.

"Ebuntwaneni ezimibala" kunye nolutsha wegcisa elizayo

Njani lasungulwa njengomzobi, ukuze uqalise njani kwaye yintoni eza Gogen Pol? Ibali lobomi bakhe umdla kakhulu kwaye edibene ehamba rhoqo. Guqula iindawo, kwaye iphupha zokuphila an Iikona yantlandlolo unspoilt - nomdla omkhulu kunye enomnqweno omkhulu ukupeyinta. Kwaye kukho ke olu uthando exotic ebuntwaneni bakhe, xa wayephila kwiphandle unina ePeru, yaye yonke imihla wabona imibala eqaqambileyo zedrama yesizwe, uhlaza zendalo kunye unandipha ubukho ungakhathaliyo kule ndawo.

Xa omncinane uPawulos akuyona konyaka ubudala, uyise - intatheli Klovis Gogen, a Republican - emva yazibandakanya antimonarhistskogo ayiphumelelanga bagqiba kwelokuba bafudukele ukusuka eFransi ukuya ePeru, apho wazalelwa umfazi wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela iye yafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. iminyaka uPawulos esixhenxe waphila waza wakhulela e Lima kwilifa kayisekazi. Emva koko, yena nonina bafudukela eParis, apho lo mfana ngokukhawuleza wafunda isiFrentshi kwaye ngempumelelo kokugqiba isikolo. Noko ke, ufundisiso akazange isimangalo, yaye zonke iingcamango babehamba ngolwandle. Ekugqibeleni, akuba eneminyaka eli-17, Gauguin, ayiphumelelanga uvavanyo esikolweni, wemka ngomkhombe njengelinge umfundi. Phantse iminyaka emithandathu, oko kundwendwelo rhoqo phezu kolwandle, walihamba Umzantsi Melika naseYurophu, qubha xhaxhe kunye North Seas.

Broker okanye umculi?

Emva kokufumanisa kokufa nonina, ngowe-1872, Pol Gogen wabuyela eParis kunye, ngenkxaso umhlobo wentsapho nguGustave Arosa, wangena inkonzo nje wezabelo. Kakade ke, oku asikuko oko uyinkosi uPawulos. Noko ke, kangangexesha elithile uyakwazi ukuphila "ubomi obuqhelekileyo": utshata Dane, ukuba babe nabantwana. Olusapho luhlala ngolonwabo, mna indlu kwi ukhululeke ngakumbi. Kule ndawo ikhethekileyo endlwini ithatha workshop yakhe. Gauguin, ngaphambili kuphela ukuqokelela imizobo, yena uqala ukubhala ngokwayo. landscapes zakhe zokuqala sele kule minyaka 1873-1874. Kwangaxeshanye, wadibana ndawonye Impressionists kunye, ukususela ngowe-1879, uthathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso zobugcisa. Ngoku thatha bakhe nzulu ekuzobeni. A indima ekhethekileyo kumsebenzi wakhe wokudala wadlala Edgar Degas, ngubani sanyanzeleka kakhulu Pol Gogen. Le mizobo, leyo iipeyinti, yena uthenga Degas kwaye ikhuthaza ukuba wenze umthengisi Imizobo Impressionist. ukusebenza Ngokuthe ngcembe lo umthengisi iqala ukuba ucudise Gauguin titoloveta, kukho ixesha elincinane kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngo-1885, uPawulos ugqiba ekubeni ayeke ukuphangela, uyayishiya intsapho yakhe Denmark waya eParis. Kangangexesha ayichitha UBrittany, apho abhale kwaye Iintetho kunye namagcisa le Symbolist. Ithi ezifana Imizobo odumileyo njenge "Vision emva kwiNtshumayelo" yaye "Swineherd. UBrittany" (ubonisa ubomi babantu, okhohlisayo yi impucuko).

Ukubaleka ukusuka impucuko ndingenalo imisebenzi Gauguin

Ubomi France ayikho efikelelekayo kubo Gauguin, ofuna ukuba azinikele ekubhaleni. NgoMeyi 1889, ebetha lomboniso inkcubeko oriental aphembelela yi imisebenzi ipeyinti eziqaqambileyo kwaye inemibalabala oluboniswe, uPawulos ugqiba ukuya eTahiti. Kulapha italente yakhe kunye nenkuthazo wafika ukubonwa liphezulu. Kwiparadesi siqithi zayilwa imizobo edume kakhulu futhi nempumelelo. Okokugqibela zibonisa indlela igcisa Pol Gogen. Ngestibhiya, le ndawo, luphawulwa imibala eqaqambileyo kwaye kufudumele. UPawulos libonisa obukeka umzimba ababhinqileyo ukusuka green ( "Women nesiTahiti kunye Mango iziqhamo") nesanti segolide-ezipinki ( "Ngaba uyakhweleta?"). Ngo-1892 wabhala imizobo eziyi-80! Ahluke nje kuphela imibala uthelekiso kunye nokwenziwa emile, kodwa zokuhombisa eliqaqambileyo. Imizekelo iquka ukupeyinta, eyabhalwa kunyaka omnye Pol Gogen - "pastorale isiTahiti" - namhlanje oko kuboniswa kwi Hermitage.

igalelo New kubomi Paul Gauguin

Emva notyelelo olufutshane oluya Paris (ngenxa yokugula kunye nokungabikho kwemali), apho umzobi ulindeleke ukuba ukusilela lobungangamsha (mboniso ngqwabalala bagxeka) endaweni ye ingqalelo ezilindelekileyo, ekugqibeleni wabuyela Oceania. Apha iyaqhubeka ukusebenza, kungekuphela njengomzobi kodwa nje umbhali, intatheli, nomkroli. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe okuchwayitha, kangangokuba kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Le mizobo zibonisa ixhala nokuxakaniseka, kuhlala entliziyweni Gauguin: ". Abasayi" "Umama", Ngowe-1897 wabhala enye imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo, 'Savela phi? Thina besingoobani na? Siya phi? ". Emva kokuphumelela, wenza i ukuzibulala komzamo ongaphumelelanga, udiniwe esi sifo kunye nokudideka ngokubanzi (nokuba kwi "kwiparadesi yasemhlabeni", yena ingqalelo makhuba yaye anifanele).

"Oyinto" endaweni ukufa efunekayo

Wathandaza kuThixo ukuba ukufa, kodwa waqhubeka ephila. isifo lweMedia, ngequbuliso nemali (eParis wathumela 1,000 franc, nangona ezinye imifanekiso ingathengwa), kwaye ke loo mntu unako ukuthengisa ngempumelelo imizobo wegcisa. igama layo Ambruaz Vollar, wenza oko bonke ubomi bakhe waphupha Pol Gogen. Le mizobo, awathi wasibhala, Vollard akwazi ukufumana 25 ngonyaka ngamnye (isiqinisekiso), ke ngoko unyanzelekile, nayo, ahlawule umzobi umvuzo wenyanga (franc 300).

isiphelo esilusizi

Kwakubonakala ukuba isiphelo wancuma uPawulos, kodwa hayi ixesha elide. Esi sifo waqala ukuba kuzuze amandla kwakhona, kwaye kukho iingxaki kunye nabasemagunyeni (bomthonyama urhuqe Gauguin - ngoku hayi kuphela umzobi kodwa iintatheli - kwipolitiki). UPawulos waqalisa ukuba morphine, umlaliso tincture, ukuze numb intlungu. Kungekudala, wafunyanwa efile (Ngaba oku kufa yendalo okanye Ityhefu ngabom, akwaziwa).

Pol Gogen kunye negalelo lakhe zobugcisa

Phezu kwako ubomi nzima intsokolo (isifo, iimeko, abantu), Pol Gogen sisaxakekile noko akubona lobizo lwakhe - ingqondo yemveli. Imizobo yakhe wenza igalelo elikhulu taka. Nazi ezinye Imizobo abaziwayo, leyo banika ihlabathi uPawulos Gauguin: "Mfazi Ukubamba Iziqhamo", "I Yellow Kristu", "Mfazi nge flower", "Ukukhetha Iziqhamo" "Sekunjalo Ubomi kunye Parrot", "umoya okhohlakeleyo Fun", "layo Vayramuati ebizwa ngokuba 'enye.