Art Applied - ntoni na? Arts kunye yezandla neentlobo zayo

Arts kunye yezandla - i icandelo ebanzi yobugcisa equka kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo izinto zobugcisa lujolise ekudaleni iimveliso nature ngevangeli. inqanaba yobuhle yeemveliso ezinjalo idla ngokuba kakhulu phezulu. elide Collective ngokudibanisa iintlobo ezimbini zobugcisa - zobugcisa pops up. Eyokuqala na iimpawu yesicelo esisebenzayo, owesibini kujongwe ukuba bahombise okusingqongileyo yabantu.

Bobuchule into eluncedo

art Applied - ntoni na? Okokuqala, lo ngowona izinto zabo iimpawu kufutshane isimbo ubugcisa, nenjongo yabo kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Zitsha, neebhekile, izitya okanye iiseti of China ocoliweyo, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezininzi igumbi lokuhlala yomhombiso, ikhitshi, amagumbi okulala kunye kumagumbi abantwana. Ezinye izinto kuba imisebenzi yobugcisa yokuqala, kwaye kunjalo fanele ukuba udidi lobugcisa izicelo.

Imihlaba ezibanzi lwemisebenzi

art Applied - yintoni na ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa inkosi? onzima lokudala, okanye yezandla ezilula ezenziwe ngezinto esandleni? Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngumsebenzi wobugcisa, ufanelwe ludumo. imveliso Injongo ngevangeli, imke ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwayo. Arts kunye yezandla - uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi samagcisa abakroli, abayili kunye stylists. Eyona nto yayixabiseke imisebenzi kuphela zobugcisa ezakwenziwa kwindlela ikopi enye. Kwangaxeshanye, imveliso eyenziweyo kwi series, baza kufakwa kudidi njengezikhumbuzo.

Imihombiso endlini

Arts kunye yezandla - ntoni na, xa siqwalasela oko njengenxalenye bume ikhaya ukugcwaliswa kubuhle? Singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba zonke iimveliso kunye nezinto jikelele, zibonise Ukuthanda abantu aba kufutshane nabo, njengoko umntu ezama bayingqonga ngokwabo izinto ezintle. Arts kunye yezandla unika ithuba lokuba bahombise isithuba indlu, ofisi, indawo zolonwabo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kuyilo kwezibonelelo abantwana.

Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, isicelo art - yintoni ekuqondeni zoluntu? Lo mboniso, imiboniso, imiboniso kunye nezinye iziganeko zoluntu ezininzi, ziqhotyoshelwe inkcubeko. ubugcisa Fine kunye yobugcisa bokuyila kwandisa inqanaba lophuhliso loluntu, ikhuthaza ukuyilwa isongo sakhe kubuhle. Ngaphezu koko, iimviwo imiboniso ukhipha imbonakalo jikelele. ngomboniso ngamnye yobuciko enokusebenziseka - ukwazana kunye noluntu jikelele le mpumelelo ezintsha kummandla indalo ngobuciko. iziganeko ezinjalo zibaluleke kakhulu ekufundiseni isizukulwana esitsha.

A incinane

ubugcisa Folk and yezandla yavela kwiilali Russian. Abanye yezandla ekhaya esikhule inkosi iingcibi oluncinane zihlelwa imveliso kwi udidi "Arts kunye nemisebenzi yezandla". Umzekelo omhle style intsomi ke ngoko ngokuba Dymkovo toy - cockerels ezimibalabala, amanani, izihombo nodongwe ebomvu.

Fishing buqala elidlulileyo, yena iminyaka engaphezu kwemine. Kwabakho izinto zamandulo lobuciko ngenxa iholide kazwelonke "Whistler", xa neempempe ababhinqileyo lepilo yabantu ngodongwe yonke unanamhla ngohlobo iinkuku, neegusha kunye namahashe. Mkhosi yathatha iintsuku ezimbini.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mbhiyozo ayaba intsingiselo yawo, kunye nobugcisa abantu-isicelo yaqhubeka ukuphuhlisa. Okwangoku iimveliso Dymkovo art kujikeleziswa yokunxulumana kwimveliso "Vyatka toy". Products ifihle ngokwesiko ngokuluqaba mhlophe, ukusipeyinta eqaqambileyo, imibala zizityebi.

Graphic obugcisa bezandla

Products zobuciko yesizwe kwimo yalo yantlandlolo, njengoko umthetho, ukuba isiseko iiprojekthi zorhwebo. abalinganiswa intsomi luveliswe abemi iilali Russian, zixhonyiwe iibhokisi Palekh odumileyo, nezithetyana zaso Zhostovo, iimveliso Kokhloma ngamaplanga. Isicelo vutshila Russia ngeendlela ezininzi, indawo nganye yomtsalane walo, imveliso iinkosi Russian ebezifunwa kakhulu zobuciko amazwe.

"Imfuno kudala unikezelo" - eli binzana ayikwazanga kuba ngcono ibonisa imeko entsimini wezobugcisa esizwe kunye nobugcisa of Russia. Umzekelo, ubugcisa osebenza gzhel style zidume kakhulu ehlabathini kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela. Le odumileyo eziluhlaza namhlophe zitsha, iipleyiti, iti nekofu bamkelekile ekhayeni yonke, kunye iisampulu ingakumbi ezibalulekile ikratshi wabaqokeleli. Akukacaci ukuba ubugcisa siwasebenzisa - umsebenzi, wezandla okanye ubuchule yokuluka. Enyanisweni, into nganye kufuna ezinye iinzame ukwenza oko, yaye xa kuyimfuneko ukunika umfanekiso yexabiso yokuluka.

Arts and Crafts kwi nursery

Kwiimeko ezithile, izifundo zobugcisa nga kujika kwisizukulwana esitsha. Of ixabiso ezithile iimveliso ezenziwe ngezandla zabantwana. Kokusebenziseka eziziimpawu amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana yobudala pre-school, maphupho obonisa ugalelwe nomnqweno ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo ezinzulu kwavusa yobuciko. Kids ubugcisa kunye nokuchwela zimelwe imizobo, imifanekiso yokudlala, ikhadibhodi Imifanekiso yabantu - oku ubuchule yokwenene zobugcisa. Namhlanje, eRashiya ukhuphiswano, ebandakanya "ngabapeyinti" ezincinane "abakroli".

Contemporary art Russian isicelo

Amafoto, daguerreotypes, etchings, imikrolo, kushicilelwa, kwakunye neminye imizekelo emininzi - kuba nalo ubuchule yokuluka. Products yahluke kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, bonke bephela bamanyaniswe sokubandakanyeka ubomi yentlalo nenkcubeko phantsi kwesihloko - ubugcisa bezandla. Umsebenzi kule ndawo abe indlela ethile intsomi. Akumangalisi bonke ubugcisa kunye nokuchwela wathabatha iingcambu zawo kweli phondo Russian kwiilali. Le mveliso usukela elula zasekhaya kunye nokungabikho pretentiousness ukuba maxa wambi kwenzeka imisebenzi emihle. Noko ke, inqanaba yobugcisa Folk liphezulu ngokwaneleyo.

Ubuciko Russian zokuhombisa yinxalenye ngamandla kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Apha ngasezantsi luluhlu imiyalelo eziphambili zobugcisa iintsomi kunye nokuchwela, eziye amkelwa ngamazwe kwaye zithunyelwa ngendlela engazange mveliso.

1. Lac thumbnails kwisiseko ngamaplanga (Paleh, Mstera, Fedoskino).
2. ukupeyinta art Zhostovo on metal, Limoges enamels, lwawo.
3. Khokhloma, Gorodets, uluhlu art Mezen emthini.
4. Gzhel, filimonovo yokudlala, Dymkovo yokudlala - ubugcisa ukupeyinta kwi ngodongwe.

Palekh

craft lobuciko Palekh wabonakala phezu kwizikhewu Russian zivulwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ubugcisa ipatheni lacquer kwavela kwidolophana encinane kwiphondo Ivanovo phantsi igama Palekh. Kuloba phambili yobugcisa iconographic, kwaye iingcambu zawo ngamaxesha pre-Petrine. Kamva, iinkosi Palekh inxaxheba ekupeyinteni amaninzi Chamber of the Moscow yesicelo, eMonastri Novodevichy, icawa kaThixo Oziqu Zithathu-uSergiyo Lavra.

I-revolution ka 1917 kubhangise iconography, artists ababengekho umsebenzi. Ngowe-1918, i-Palekh iingcibi zobugcisa inhlangano sadalwa, apho wobugcisa ngomthi zaveza. Emva koko ke iingcibi bafunda ukuba ukwenza njani iibhokisi papier-intlama ulipeyinte kubo nendlela thumbnails usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe icon-ukupeyinta yemveli.

Ngowe-1923, miniatures lacquer zanikezelwa zolimo nezeefektri mboniso All-Russian, elithole idiploma weqondo 2. Kunye neminyaka emibini kamva, iibhokisi Palekh zaye Ndinibonisile e Paris, xa lo Mboniso ka yeHlabathi.

Impumelelo iimveliso zobugcisa engaqhelekanga iye inkuthazo kulwenziwo imibutho "Palekh amagcisa Union" yaye "zocweyo ubugcisa Palekh" kwi Art Fund USSR.

Fedoskino

Eli lizwi ezinxulumene Russian lacquer yafaka ipeyinti ioli-based. Fishing wabonakala kwilali kufuphi eMoscow Fedoskino kwisiqingatha sesibini ngenkulungwane ye-18. Nani lisetyenziswa iimveliso ezenziwe papier-intlama, uze emva koko endaba ngokwemaleko eziliqela.

Qala art Fedoskino miniatures babeka Russian zabarhwebi PI Korobov, lowo kwisixeko German ka Braunschweig, uze ufunde apho iteknoloji ukudala bisernits igwada, iibhokisi kunye nezinye izinto Zazihonjiswe ngemifanekiso emihle.

iipeyinti oyile Fedoskino ipeyintiweyo ngamanyathelo amane: Eyokuqala i ulwandlalo ukuzoba ( "zamalevok") kulandele Ufundo ( "peremalovka"), indawo njengeceba - daka ipeyinti selubala, inkqubo yokugqibela - blikovka ekudluliseleni ukugqama izithunzi kumfanekiso.

Fedoskinskya ndlela umzobo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa macandelo maleko podkrasochnogo iingcinga: igolide, ngumgubo yesinyithi okanye potal. Kwezinye iimeko, inkosi unokwenza ingaphakathi kwi nacre. Ngaphaya lessirovochnomu penda lining ukwenza isiphumo kukhanya enzulu ezizodwa. Umaleko Ipeyinti ugxininisa imvelaphi emnyama.

Mstera

Ngoko wabiza Russian iintsomi wobugcisa, owayebonakele ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwiPhondo Vladimir. Yonke le nto yaqala ngo "oonobumba encinane" - icon ezincinane kunye ekuvezeni zonke iinkcukacha. Emva 1917 revolution, xa kungekho mfuneko elide iconography, Mstera bafudukela iibhokisi papier-ezenziwe ngayo. Figure sifakwa iipeyinti tempera, ugalelwe ioli izikhupha zamaqanda. Phakathi kweteknoloji ekugqibeleni kwasekwa kwinkulungwane yama-20 miniatures Mstera lacquer.

Imigaqo engundoqo umzobo ziguqulelwa kunye ekwabelwana kwiisekethe tracings phezu komhlaba mveliso, elandelwa "roskrysh" isicelo ngqo ipateni. Inqanaba elilandelayo - ukupeyinta eneenkcukacha. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, "Plavi" - womzobo yokugqibela kunye blikovkoy eziquka igolide bunyibilike (ngumgubo ocolekileyo legolide). Le mveliso ogqityiweyo isale i ivanishi okubonakalayo maleko ezintandathu omiswe eliphakathi kwaye ke egudisiweyo.

Iimpawu uphawu Mstiorskya umzobo - ikhaphethi zokuhombisa, umdlalo ngokungangqalanga imibala kunye amacebo ezintathu umbala asetyenziswe imibala: imbola otyheli, obomvu, kunye nesilivere-oluhlaza. mixholo ngokuzoba classic: iintsomi, ezikhumbuzo zembali, izakhiwo.

Zhostovo

Abantu ukuloba Zhostovo - a neengcedevu yesinyithi, zipeyintwe indlela ekhethekileyo. Zhostovo art yavela ngenkulungwane ye-19, emizaneni kukuliphi aseTrinity eMoscow. Abahlali zemizana ezintathu (Ostashkovo, Zhostovo kunye Khlebnikovo) wenza ezivelisa izinto ezenziwe zaveza papier-ezenziwe ngayo. Yaye studio abazalwana Vishnyakov waqalisa ukwenza izithebe ezenziwe tin onepateni ezimibalabala.

Vishnjakova uluhlu lwamaxabiso kuquka iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola ensimbi papier-intlama, ukuba bonke ipeyintwe, kakuhle ihonjiswe kwaye imfuno aphezulu ngeendibano, lo gama ongaphambili bekusoloko zipeyintwe yetreyi yeKDE.

Zhostovo yokudweba - umxholo obuneentyatyambo kwiinguqulelo ezininzi: a isipha seentyatyambo umyezo "vraskidku" Isidanga seentyatyambo osontiweyo enesidanga. izityalo zasendle uyayenza sisincoko eyahlukileyo.

Flowers kwi yetreyi khangela zendalo ngenxa isifundo ngenyameko iinkcukacha ezincinane. Zemibala ngemibala kunye nokusetyenziswa saturation ngokupheleleyo. Wesiqalo abamnyama ngokubanzi, ukuba ihonjiswe ne openwork itreyi Iipateni buthelezi, imifuno okanye isakhiwo iinkuni isitayile. Zhostovo yetreyi lusoloko zipeyintwe ngesandla kwaye umsebenzi kuphela wobugcisa.

Khokhloma

Eli gama wanikwa Russian iintsomi yobugcisa, ukususela emva kwenkulungwane ye-17. Khokhloma ukupeyinta yeyona entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye zexabiso kuzo zonke iindlela ezikhoyo. yezandla Artistic - yinkqubo ende yokuyila ezinxulumene ukusebenza iinkuni, multi-umaleko primer umbala oyile.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa luqala preforms yokuvelisa Kokhloma. Okokuqala, inkosi bamtyabula ubhontsi, okt kolyat ngezembe iibhloko zomthi. Ngoko ke workpiece leyo ngomshini kubungakanani ezifunwayo kunye nemilo. workpiece Okwenziwe ngokuba "yelinen". Emva ukugaya ingubo lwabo ngodongwe olulodwa ulwelo kwaye zonekwe. Emva koko blank sele lulungele isale ngeengcamba eziliqela yeoli linseed kunye omiswe eliphakathi. Oku kulandelwa tin nesingxobo okanye bezihlikihla kumphezulu umgubo aluminiyam, emva koko imveliso iba umbala omhlophe-specular. Kweli nqanaba ikulungele ukupeyinta.

imibala Primary Khokhloma - oko abamnyama kunye obomvu (emnyama kunye cinnabar), nkampani ipeyinti: igolide, omdaka, ukukhanya eluhlaza kunye ebengezelayo. Ibrashi ngexesha usebenzisa ezingcakacileyo kakhulu (zenziwe kuphela imisila unomatse), njengoko imivumbo isicelo kwebala bi azikaqapheleki.

Case sokuzoba umxholo - amaqunube rowan, viburnum, amaqunube, amagqabi ezincinane ezibhityileyo, kancinane eluhlaza egobile iziqu. Zonke eqaqambileyo, imibala olunzulu itsalelwa, yakhiwe zichongwa ngokucacileyo. Umfanekiso yakhelwe phezu umgaqo umahluko.

Gzhel

Le intsomi yobugcisa kakhulu ethandwa, iziko imveliso Russian yemveli ngodongwe wobugcisa. It ithatha indawo enkulu eliquka kwiilali 27 phantsi kwegama Gzhel ityholo kweekhilomitha ezingama-60 ukusuka eMoscow.

indawo Gzhel eminyaka kwaba iidipozithi adumileyo ophezulu-grade kufanelekile ngodongwe yendawo yogcino amayeza. Ngowe-1770 amazwe ilokishi Gzhel zabelwa umyalelo avumba limnandi. Emva koko kwilali Gzhel elisekwe ukuveliswa izitena, zomdongwe, imibhobho, iithayile isitovu zokudlala eMoscow.

Izinto ukusuka Gzhel ngodongwe ingakumbi okulungileyo, ayisindi kunye ixesha elide. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kukuliphi, kwakukho izityalo 25 ukuvelisa izinto zokubhala. I kufuphi Moscow iye yavusa uphuhliso wokwenziwa iimveliso ngodongwe, bakurholela kwikomkhulu wathengisa nezitya ezininzi, iipleyiti, izitya kunye nezinye izinto zasekhitshini.

Gzhel toy ngexesha zazenziwe kwimveliso houseware inkunkuma. Enoba udongwe kangakanani okanye ngasekhohlo, konke yasetyenziswa ebonisa cockerels, iinkuku, iigusha neebhokhwe. Ekuqaleni, zocweyo unokwakhela wasebenza elingafani, kodwa kungekudala kubekho umgca article kwimveliso. isivuno steel ekrwada ngokukhethekileyo njengezikhumbuzo, oosiyazi nazo ezizodwa kwi yabucala yemveliso abaninzi bafuna-emveni.

amahashe amhlophe shiny eqingqiweyo zaye zipeyintwe imibala eyahlukileyo logama nje kukho ayibe, ipeyinti jikelele. mbala oqaqambileyo oluhlaza yeyona ilungileyo kudityaniswe njengekhephu-ezimhlophe piece lwawo. Kule 50 yala magcisa kwinkulungwane yokugqibela ishiywe ngokupheleleyo yonke eminye imibala baza baqalisa ukusebenzisa poglazurnoy ayibe umbala oluhlaza. Izisusa afune wayekwazi kwahluka kakhulu, nasiphina isihloko.

Okunye yezandla

Le spectrum kobugcisa Russian intsomi nobugcisa ubugcisa kunye nokuchwela libanzi engaqhelekanga. Apha bokubeka Kasli eyahlulayo, ize ifakwe iziqalelo amabala. intarsia kunye marquetry ubuchule zikuvumela ukuba ukudala imizobo eyothusayo kanye panel. art Russian isicelo - a ezinawo elikhulu kwinkqubela yelizwe elo lizwe, ubutyebi yoluntu.