An unit arithmetic logic (Alu) - ntoni na?

Njengoko yaziwa, kumqhubekekisi computer iqulathe amacandelo ezine ezisisiseko: kweyunithi yokalo emileyo logic, iyunithi igalelo / imveliso, kunye neeyunithi yokugcina kunye nolawulo. Loo sesakhiwo kucacisiwe kule nkulungwane lokugqibela, yaye, nangona kwathabatha ixesha elide, isakhiwo ezaziwa von kunikezelo kuhlala efanelekileyo.

Yintoni Alu?

iyunithi yokalo emileyo-logic - yenye amacandelo kumqhubekekisi into efunekayo ukuphumeza logic yokalo emileyo-uhlobo utshintshwano, ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kohambo amabinzana ezinesiqalelo xaka. operands yesuntswana kusetyenziswa kucingelwa ukuba ubude yegama, okanye ubukhulu.

Umsebenzi ophambili we-Alu kukusebenza data egcinwe kwinkumbulo yekhompyutha. Ukongeza, iyunithi logic yokalo emileyo unako ukuvelisa imiqondiso yokulawula lolawulo ikhompyutha ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo ukwenza inkqubo computing eyimfuneko kuxhomekeka iindidi zedata lokugqibela. Yonke imisebenzi ziquka iziphaluka ngekhompyutha, ngasinye leyo ngokokwakheka yahlulwe amawaka izinto. iibhodi enjalo ngokuqhelekileyo bystrodeystvennye kwaye ezixineneyo.

Kuxhomekeka imiyalezo zolimo, i-Alu ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi ngamanani amabini. Nayiphi arithmetic logic isixhobo khompyutha ubonelela ukuphunyezwa izenzo ezine ezisisiseko, iinguqu kwakunye zinguquko ubhalo. Seta imisebenzi Alu - eyona iimpawu zayo.

Amacandelo iyunithi yokalo emileyo-logic - kumaqela amane ziphambili iindawo ezihambelana inkqubo yolawulo, transmission, ukugcinwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwedatha ozayo.

Ukugcinwa kwamiliselwa iiprojekthi Alu

Esi sigaba sibandakanya:

• ekwenyukeni, obagcinela amasuntswana abangabancedani kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo iziphumo;
• iirejista ukuba banoxanduva ukuthembakala operands, esiphakathi kunye iziphumo zokugqibela.

Ngamanye amaxesha bubhalwe unit logic yokalo emileyo inokudityaniswa kwiyuniti kwimemori elizinikeleyo, kwaye kusungula - kuba irejista status enye.

Alu nodes transmission

Esi sigaba sibandakanya:

• ibhasi interconnecting kwiibhloko isixhobo;
• multiplexers kunye valve, linoxanduva kokukhetha indlela echanekileyo imisebenzi.

Nodes ukwena Alu

Ezi ziquka:

• amarhamba asebenza micro-ops;
• iziphaluka ukwenza imisebenzi ubhalo;
• shifters;
• correctors for arithmetic wokugqibela;
• ikhowudi converters, ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo okanye ukubuyisela;
• zokubala yokubala inani lemijikelo ukwenziwa ngenxa ukuphunyezwa zinguquko encedisayo.

Alu nodes ukulawula

Olu didi leti:

• iyunithi yolawulo;
• Imiqondiso semithombo;
• iguqulela logic iimpawu wesekethe efunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe yamasebe firmware wokuphumeza.

unit Action control iprosesa

Le block inoxanduva kwimveliso ulandelelwano olusebenzayo iimpawu ezifunekayo ukuze uphumezo echanileyo ekuwisele umthetho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezifana Ukuguqulwa ifezekiswe kwimijikelo eziliqela.

Iyunithi yolawulo ibonelela uphumezo oluzenzekelayo le program. Ukuxhasa le bugcisa kuyimfuneko ukuba ilungelelanise umsebenzi namanye amasebe amacandelo zemishini le.

Ngexesha unit ulawulo nokusebenza iphendula microprogramming umgaqo osisiseko yokuba inani iimpawu ezicacileyo.

ngezigaba Alu

unit logic arithmetic lisebenza ngokwemigaqo nkqubo variables zahlulwe ngaxeshanye kunye serial. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi Alu yindlela lokunikeza operands kunye nokusebenza.

Ngu uhlobo ukusetyenziswa iyunithi yokalo emileyo-logic bahlulwe block mininzi. Xa Uhlobo lokuqala Alu ukwenza imisebenzi kunye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenombolo olungenasiphelo ezisetyenziswayo iziphaluka efanayo athe malilungiselelwe mode nokusebenza ukuya data eceliweyo. Kwizixhobo block, yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokusebenzisa iintlobo nokwabiwa data. Ngokuba imisebenzi amanani lokugqibela, amasimi alfabhethi kwaye amanani, indawo yamanani lencopho okanye ezisisigxina kusetyenziswa amacebo ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, iyunithi logic yokalo emileyo kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ngenxa uphumezo engumzekelo umsebenzi elinikiweyo. Kodwa kwakhona kufuneka ethile - iindleko landa ukuxhasa izixhobo.

Iyunithi logic yokalo emileyo ngokungqinelana indlela ntetho zingasetyenziswa:

• ngeshumi;
• lencopho amanani ndawo;
• amanani fixed-point.

imisebenzi device

Isakhiwo iquka uluhlu lwemisebenzi Alu nge imisebenzi ubhalo ezithi zahlulwe maqela alandelayo:

• izibalo wokugqibela;
• arithmetic yokubini amanani kwindawo ecacileyo;
• amabinzana arithmetic njengokom ngenxa ezidadayo umahluli;
• iidilesi ukuguqulwa umyalelo;
• uhlobo operation enengqondo;
• ukuguqulwa kwamabala oluza;
• arithmetic okhethekileyo.

iikhompyutha Modern elektroniki uyakwazi ukuqonda zonke iintlobo zingentla umsebenzi, kunye microcomputers azinayo le ukusebenza ezingundoqo, ngoko iinkqubo ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo ezenziwa ngokudibanisa yesiqhelo ezincinane.

Izibalo kunye nenkqubo enengqondo

Zonke izenzo Alu lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela eziliqela.

imisebenzi arithmetic ziquka division, ukuphindaphinda, iimodyuli nokukhupha ukuthabatha eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle.

Ngu utshintshwano ubhalo iqela kubandakanya ubhalo "kunye" kunye "okanye", oko kukuthi, libambisene kunye disjunction, kunye nokuthelekisa ulwazi malunga nokulingana. iinkqubo ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa kumagama yokubini kuqulethe nobuninzi ziikhowudi.

Umsebenzi ezikhethekileyo lokubala eliguqukayo ziquka iishifti ukuzinza, siyavakala kwaye nasekubaleni. Phakathi kwezi utshintshwano kukho umahluko omkhulu. Ukuba shift yokalo emileyo kwi indawo ukutshintsha imivo yamanani kuphela, ngoko ke bit uphawu enengqondo iqhotyoshelwe kule isindululo.

ukusebenza nganye, nto leyo ethatha indawo ngokusebenzisa iyunithi yokalo emileyo-logic, kothiwa ukulandelelana ekuqiqeni-yohlobo imisebenzi, ezo zichazwe multibit logic computer elektroniki. Umzekelo, ukuba yebhayinari icomputer esebenzisa ingqondo yokubini, njalo-njalo, phantsi kwinkqubo wokugqibela.

Ngokupheleleyo zonke ezo utshintshwano yokalo emileyo-ubhalo lube operands zayo kunye neziphumo output zitolikwa imitya bit iyasebenza ungazama ukunciphisa elinesithandathu. Ezi nketho kuphela primitives ezisayiniweyo hlula DIVS. Iintlobo yenarha kuvumela ukutolika idatha kwi imveliso omabini amanani kunye thabatha okanye plus ukuphuphuma. Ingqiqo isekelwe kwi inguqu ziikhowudi modulo arithmetic. Iflegi obekwe, ukuba kubekho utshintsho okungalindelekanga umqondiso. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa amanani akhabayo amabini, kufuneka ufumane ngesiphumo oluthi "+". Kodwa ukuba ukudluliswa kwenzeka bit umqondiso, ukumisela iyunithi, yaye isiphumo negative, iflegi kuphuphuma ihleliwe.

Ingqiqo isekelwe nokugqithisela bit yokalo emileyo ungatyikitywanga. Le Indwe yenziwe yi KDE, ukuba nokugqithisela file bit sibalulekileyo akakwazi kubhalwa ngenxa yoko. Le bit Alu isebenza kakhulu xa isetyenziswe utshintshwano izimvo namazwi.

isiphelo

Alu isetyenziswa ukwenza utshintshwano ubhalo kunye arithmetical phezu operands ofunekayo kwi indima apho basebenza imiyalelo okanye ikhowudi amanani. Emva amanyathelo enza yeziphumo luphinda lubuyiselwe kubathathi-isixhobo yokugcina zisetyenziswe zibalo zilandelayo.