Amaza mechanical: umthombo, iimpawu kwifomula

Cinga nje into iliza ngomatshini, ibe ngelitye emanzini. Izangqa evela kulo yaye alternating imikhombe kunye crests - ngumzekelo amaza mechanical. Yintoni ubuntu babo? Amaza Mechanical - inkqubo oscillation andise kumajelo eendaba ilastiki.

amaza Capillary

Amaza mechanical ezinjalo ngenxa ukusebenza ngomhla isuntswana ngamandla intsebenziswano aphakathi kwe ulwelo nondiliseko. Abantu baye kudala ukufunda isenzeko. Uninzi langutana na ulwandle amaza. Ngenxa yokwanda ngezantya umoya, ziyatshintsha, nokuphakama kwawo kwandisa. Kwakhona nzima nokumila ngokwabo amaza. Xa kolwandle, bayakwazi ukufikelela kugqithiso ezoyikisayo. Omnye weyona mizekelo ezicacileyo na amandla netsunami njengokutshayelwa yonke endleleni yayo.

Amandla ulwandle amaza

Ukufikelela amaza kunxweme ulwandle nge inguqu elibukhali kwi kwandisa ubunzulu. Maxa wambi ukufikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha eziliqela. Kulapho kwezo zihlandlo, amandla agciniweyo ye ubunzima elikhulu amanzi wathumela nemiqobo yesabelo ukuba phantsi kwempembelelo waso ngokukhawuleza. Amandla surf ngamanye amaxesha ufikelela amaxabiso amakhulu.

amaza elastic

Kolu phando ubucukubhede hayi ukuhla kuphela kumphezulu elulwelo, kodwa kuthiwa-amaza elastic. Le ukuphazamiseka, leyo athunyelwa eendaba ezahlukeneyo phantsi amanyathelo imikhosi elastic kuzo. Loo perturbation yiyo nayiphi ukwahluka amasuntswana ye eliphakathi ukusuka kwindawo kuvuselele. Umzekelo omhle Amaza elastic i intambo ende okanye ityhubhu rubber kwelinye icala ukuya nantoni na apha. Ukuba uqhuba, uze intshukumo kabukhali icala ukwenza yesibini (non-sticky) ekupheleni kobhavumo yayo, sinako ukubona konke phezu "qhaqha 'ubude intambo ukuya inkxaso ezibonisa umva.

Umthombo lamaza mechanical

ukuphazamiseka Primary simenza indawo ngumtshangatshangiso. Oku kubangelwa sisenzo umzimba amazwe, nto leyo yemvelo ibizwa ngokuba ngumthombo ngamaza. Abe yesandla, kwaneso intambo okanye ilitye waphoswa emanzini. Kwimeko apho imvelaphi na sisenzo ngexesha elifutshane, kwixesha eliphakathi ntonje igagasi elilodwa. Xa "ophazamisa" yenza isindululo elide oscillatory, amaza eqala ukuvela omnye emva komnye.

Terms of Amaza mechanical

Eguquguqukayo yale hlobo azisoloko kwakheka. Eyona nto ifunekayo ukuze imbonakalo yabo imbonakalo ngexesha perturbation medium nododobalisa amandla, xa okubuyela kwimo ethile. Bafuna ukuba zazise kunye amasuntswana angabamelwane xa bahlukene, kwaye zibashenxise enye kwenye ngexesha zokuhlangabezana. amandla elastic omele amasuntswana nabanye umthombo yokuphazamiseka, baqale ndibanyothule baphume eseleyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, onke amaqhekeza eendaba abandakanyeka kwi sihamba oscillatory. Andise intlokoma ezinjalo kunye amaza.

Amaza lomatshini an ilastiki medium

In iliza ilastiki, kukho iintlobo ezimbini motion ngaxeshanye: i oscillations ze amasuntswana kunye nokwabiwa perturbation. Oku kubizwa wave longitudinal ngomatshini, apho izinto nendlebe ecaleni indlela andise inzalo yayo. Wabiza wave ezinqamlezayo, amasuntswana ulwimi ziyahluka lonke lwayo lwe andise.

Iimpawu Amaza mechanical

Perturbations kwi iliza longitudinal i rarefaction kunye ucinezelo, kunye enqamlezileyo - ngokutshintsha amaxesha (ukushenxiswa) ezinye iimaleko isizalwane eliphakathi ukuya kwelinye. uhlobo Compressive lukhatshwa yimikhosi elastic. Kule ubunzima shear ezinxulumene imbonakalo imikhosi elastic kuphela eziqinileyo. I sukube kunye lulwelo shift eendaba umaleko ezi eendaba ezingahambi kukuvela uthe amandla. Ngenxa yayo, amaza longitudinal nga basasaze nangayiphi eendaba, yaye umnqamlezo - kuphela okuqinileyo.

Iimpawu ngamaza yamanzi

Amaza phezu engamanzi hayi longitudinal okanye enqamlezileyo. Intsonkothe ngaphezulu, ebizwa njalo-lomsebenzi longitudinal and enqamlezileyo. Kulo mzekelo, amasuntswana ulwelo ukuhamba circumferentially okanye ellipse evuthelweyo. Isetyhula motion of amasuntswana-sangqa kumphandle elulwelo, ngokukodwa xa intlokoma ezinkulu zikhatshwa zazihamba kancinane kodwa ngokuqhubekayo kunye indlela lwamaza andise. Kuyinto le mihlaba Amaza mechanical emanzini kubangela ukuvela kwi ngasechwebeni kwaselwandle ezahlukeneyo.

Frequency amaza mechanical

Ukuba medium ilastiki (ulwelo, okuqinileyo, ingangumoya) ukuba iqalise amasuntswana yayo oscillation, ngenxa intsebenziswano phakathi kwabo, kuya basasaze kunye Velocity u. Ngoko, xa umntu sukube okanye engamanzi medium iya kuba emzimbeni jinga, iqala intshukumo eyadluliselwa lonke isuntswana okufuphi. Baya kuthatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo yokulandela njalo-njalo. Kweli nqanaba yonke medium uya oscillate rhoqo kulingana elingana amaza umzimba jinga. Yeyona amaza otshangatshangiswayo. Ngamanye amazwi, eli xabiso ingachazwa le oscillation frequency iingongoma kwindawo apho yomtshangatshangiso Ukhuthaza.

Ngoko nangoko kusenokuba kungacaci ngayo le nkqubo lwenzeka. Ngamaza mechanical enxulumene amandla transfer oscillatory motion ukusuka kumthombo wayo kwimiphetho medium. Ebudeni ezivelayo njalo-ebizwa wave deformation ngamaxesha wayisa ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye. Ngokwenza njalo, amasuntswana medium musa ukuhamba kunye nencum. Iminyaka kufutshane kwindawo yayo kuvuselele. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukusasazwa amaza mechanical hayi zihamba ukudluliselwa izinto ukusuka kwindawo ethile ukuya kwenye. Xa amaza mechanical ezitsho ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba zahlulwe bands wadala isikali okhethekileyo. Le Ukuxhaphaka ulinganiswa elilodwa (Hz).

formula esisiseko

wave Mechanical, ubalo ifomula leyo ilula, yinto into umdla zokufunda. Le Velocity wave (υ) - yinto ngesantya Nokukhuza phambi kwayo (babeziindawo zonke iindawo apho oscillation lifikelele bume ngalo mzuzu):

υ = √G / ρ,

apho ρ - ezinoxinano medium, G - modulus.

Xa kubalwa Isantya kufuneka mazingabhidaniswa noviwo amaza lomatshini i medium enesantya intshukumo ye amasuntswana eliphakathi ebandakanyeka kwinkqubo ngumtshangatshangiso. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, isandi Ukhuthaza emoyeni ngesantya ukuhla avareji iimolekyuli yayo kwi-10 m / s, lo gama yomtshangatshangiso Velocity ive kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, yi-330 m / s.

Wavefront unokuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, elula eyile:

• Spherical - ebangelwa ukuhla nokunyuka sukube okanye engamanzi medium. Nokuncipha wave awo kunye ukwandisa umgama ukusuka umthombo bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo isikweri umgama.

Flat • - imele inqwelo-moya leyo nkqo ulwalathiso wave andise. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, ngo-itankana piston evaliweyo xa oscillates yokugqibela. Iliza moya luphawulwa awo phantse rhoqo. ukuncipha yayo okuncinane kunye umgama ukusuka kumthombo oluphazamisa iimviwo unxulunyaniswa iqondo viscosity yamanzi okanye sukube medium.

bubuyisela

Phantsi kwamaza ekubonile umgama ukuba nomphambili wayo ehamba ngexesha apho ilingana nexesha oscillation ye amasuntswana eliphakathi:

λ = υT = υ / v = 2πυ / ω,

apho T - ixesha oscillation, υ - wave uqina, ω - kwamaza elibujikele, ν - rhoqo oscillations ze amachaphaza esiphakathi.

Ekubeni Velocity andise lencinibakazi ngomatshini uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo iimpawu medium, λ ubude balo ngethuba lenguqu ukusuka kwelinye eliphakathi ukuya kwenye utshintshiwe. Kulo mzekelo, i oscillation frequency ν isoloko efanayo. Mechanical kunye amaza ziyafana kuloo usasazo oluqhutywa phaya ukhutshelo, kodwa akukho ukudluliswa nto.