Indoda Wild. Abantu bakudala kunye nenzala yabo

Abantu bakudala. baba ntoni bona? Kwaye yayikhangeleka ngokungathi wayesazi njani? Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba bafumana iimpendulo ezanelisayo zale mibuzo, kodwa ngaba yinyani? .. Kweli nqaku, siza kufumana apho abantu zasendle abahlala namhlanje.

Amadoda lokuqala on Earth

abantu bamandulo, oko kukuthi iintlobo yawo yokuqala neyona zasendle, bavele ngeenxa 2.5 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Emva theory zikaDarwin, baye bavela Australopithecus, ezi iinkawu ezinkulu. Ukuba kuvele iminyaka yezigidi 3.5-2 eyadlulayo e-Afrika. lwenkawu Southern, njengoko yayibizwa Australopithecus waba ubuchopho encinane kunye nomhlathi enkulu. Babekwazi ubambe ezandleni zabo izinto ezifana amatye okanye yeentsasa, baze nkqo.

Ezi ukuguquka gene ziye zenzeka, nto leyo iintlobo ezimbini - Homo erectus (Homo erectus) kunye nabantu abasebenza.

Homo erectus - abantu okanye izilwanyana?

Homo erectus - umntu wokuqala zasendle oye eYurophu. Xa wenza kanye ukwenza oko, kunzima ukuba nithi, njengokuba mbali ukwalatha imihla ezahlukeneyo. Aba bantu bamandulo babehlanganisene inani elincinane nezizwana wenza amanyathelo ezingundoqo: ezingelwa, bazakhela kwizindlu kwakudala. Basebenzisa umlilo, kodwa wayengazi ukuba indlela yokukhupha ngayo. Eliphezulu kakhulu ekuhlaleni ababengaphambi zabo, ukuba sele zazibangcwabela yaye baqubuda ziintlobo ezithile izilwanyana.

Yohlanga Homo erectus ngakumbi ngathi yimbonakalo inkawu xa - elisezantsi, ibunzi kophahla yaye akukho chin. iqulunqwa ngaphezu ekhohlo isandla sokunene. Kunjalo, inkangeleko Imikhuba abajongelwa ngathi ooyise - umzimba ngewulu, ngokufanelekileyo iingalo kunye nemilenze ertyisi, unxibelelwano ngokusebenzisa izijekulo bekhwaza.

kwiminyaka 200,000 eyadlulayo eYurophu kwakukho zasendle, abantu zamandulo - Bamandulo Phaya. Ukuba waphila ikota iminyaka sesigidi on Earth, bona yanyamalala, oosonzululwazi nangoku besonwaya iintloko zabo phezu kwalo puzzle.

Bamandulo Phaya: Ngubani na yaye kutheni kwemkiwa?

Bamandulo Phaya got igama zabo Neanderthal mqolomba eJamani, yenye Skulls ambalwa amalungu kuzenza kuye kwafunyanwa khona. Namhlanje, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba akukho inzala ngqo kwabantu, kodwa kunoko, izalamane zabo. gene zabo kwi-DNA yomntu mihla (hayi bekubona it kuphela Afrika) kwi imali ukususela kowoku-1 ukuya ku-4%. Namhlanje, izazinzulu ziyavuma ukuba Cro-Magnons, inzala bokwenyaniso womntu mihla, enyanisweni, zange yenzeke emva kokuba Bamandulo Phaya, waza wahlala nabo ngaxeshanye malunga nama-20 000. Oku kubonisa ukuba iintlobo ukuba ihlangane.

Kwakutheni ukuze Bamandulo Phaya ziphele? Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi, kodwa akukho namnye kubo asifumananga mntu isiqinisekiso oluthembekileyo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ityala i-Ice Age, enye - ukuba kohlanga babanika enye indoda yasendle - Homo sapiens - njengoko ndingenandawo ngakumbi nophuhliso kweentlobo ezikrelekrele. Kodwa inyani - i Bamandulo Phaya wafa ngaphandle, ngoxa Cro-Magnons zazikwazi ngakumbi kuphuhliso.

Cro-Magnon, okanye Homo sapiens

Cro-Magnons - ligama eliqhelekileyo wookhokho womntu mihla. uphuhliso lwabo yahluke kakhulu kuleyo langaphambili, kodwa ngokubukeka kuye umahluko kangako abantu mihla. Cro-Magnon kwi ingqiqo ebanzi kakhulu ngokuthi Homo sapiens (isilumko). Le nkcazo siya kusebenzisa ngakumbi.

yonke Uninzi kunye ukakayi yokuqala yale iintlobo eziye zafunyanwa Ethiopia, iminyaka yabo eminyaka malunga 160.000. Le ndoda zasendle waba zifana phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuba abantu banamhlanje - iintshiyi a ngokukhawuleza, ewayo ibunzi encinane kunye ubuso kakuhle. View ogama Homo sapiens adultu, okt abantu omdala Earth. Ngoko ke, ukuba izazinzulu California baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu bokuqala ukuvela eMhlabeni malunga 200,000 eyadlulayo e-Afrika kwaye ke ngoko basasazeke emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni le Upper Paleolithic (malunga 40,000 eyadlulayo) kwindawo ezihlala kuzo sele lagubungela phantse ehlabathini lonke.

Gen. amadoda zasendle

Nangona yokuba wathabatha phantse zizigidi ezibini ezadlulayo, ukususela kokufika kwihlabathi umntu wokuqala, abembi ngokuchanileyo ukusungulwa ubomi bakhe. Ngenxa yoko, iyaziwa ukuba ekuqaleni abantu babephila kuluntu ezincinane, njengoko kwiimeko ezimaxongo ixesha yedwa ukusinda umntu nje abakwazanga. Nokuba ke, wonke umntu amalungelo kunye neemfanelo zabo, kunye nezimbiwa waba eqhelekileyo. Izixhobo bakhonza intonga abam- kunye itsolo lengxondorha.

indoda Wild wayephila ubomi ephila, sasingahlali ndawonye ukusuka kwindawo ngeendawo zikhangela ukutya. Ikampa walungiselela kufuphi iindawo zokusela, yenzela lula ukuba uzingela isidlo elandelayo. Ekubeni izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukwakha ikhaya wayengekho, izindlu mphakathi emiqolombeni nemiwonyo. Nge ichitha ixesha ijikeleza mqolomba bathontelana ngakumbi nangakumbi, inyanzelisa abantu ukuba ukufudukela kwelinye.

Nditsho ke, umlilo zadanjiswa yimvelo kwindoda, ngokunjalo vika ngenyameko kubo emiqolombeni ngexesha lasemini nasebusuku.

Isixeko yokuqala ehlabathini yakhiwa ngo-3400, i-BC. Waye e Umzantsi Melika, waza ngokuba Real Alto. Lo mzi endala iiphiramidi umYiputa. Yintoni izindlu umdla esixekweni yakhiwe ngqo zemathematika, ngokungathi icebo lakhe wakhawulwa, wayilwa kwangaphambili.

Indlela ukunxiba amadoda zasendle?

Luhlobo olunjani iimpahla ezinxitywa ngamadoda zasendle bamandulo kwaye walinxiba kuzo zonke? Malunga 170 000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, abantu kuqala wacinga iimpahla. Oosonzululwazi bakholelwa ukuba yena eyamncedayo ukuba ningazicingeli ngaphezu Afrika ezifudumeleyo iya ku iindawo kunye nemozulu esibandayo. Yintoni eyona umdla, oko banceda ukucacisa isifundo yendaleko ... iintwala. Iintwala ezi olwaye lwamfimfitha kuphela impahla, ngokulandelelana, imvelaphi yabo ngqo ezinxulumene izambatho zokuqala abantu zasendle. Izazinzulu ezivela Florida emva kokuchitha olu lingelo yokuqala, waqinisekisa ukuba banxibe abantu bamandulo baqalisa na-100, yaye 170 lamawaka. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Kulo mzekelo, Nentloko enesihlwitha yohambayo, nguye inkcazelo wokhuseleko, abantu baye baphelelwa eminye iminyaka eli-100 000 ngaphambili. "Iyamangalisa indlela bakwazi ukuphila ixesha elide kangaka ngaphandle iinwele kunye nempahla yokunxiba," - utsho Devid Msuseni, intloko iqela zophando University of Florida.

Ekuqaleni impahla amadoda zasendle kaThixo kungaba ukhuselo bomlingo ezisongela ezivela ngaphandle kwe ukusuka ukhuselo abandayo. izinto kuqala impahla abantu bakudala - a khumba nefayibha. Emva kokuba gqibezela ezi zokubopha ezahlukeneyo - lezikhonkwane, amazinyo isilwanyana, iintsiba.

Ngeminyaka yee-90 imingcwabo kwafunyanwa kwingingqi elivisayo yangoku Vladimir, impahla okungafani iimpahla zale mihla kwezizwe wasentla. Ngoxa Alps kwi 90 kwafunyanwa nani womkhenkce umntu "Ötzi", impahla yakhe yayiquka izikhumba zezilwanyana, iindiza imifuno fresh.

abantu Wild namhlanje

Thina - oonyana impucuko, kodwa ihlabathi isekhona ekhaya ngokwezizwe ezininzi, abasafuna ihleli injalo, inqanaba ibizezamandulo yophuhliso. Kakhulu - abantu zasendle Afrika kunye Amazon, ixesha apho yavalwa amawaka eminyaka. Cinga kakhulu abangekaphuhli kubo.

1. abantu Sentinelese eziphila kwisiqithi Sentinel phakathi Indiya kunye Thailand - nomphakathi omkhulu ngokwaneleyo, uniko manani abantu malunga 300. Zinelungelo eyodwa kuseza iintlekele zemvelo. Nabo ixesha elide ukuzama ukwenza abaphandi zoqhagamshelwano, kodwa watsho phantsi. Bona benza ekulobeni, indibano nokuzingela.
2. Masai. Amaninzi enobundlobongela isizwe Afrika abanamasiko ezikhethekileyo - kususela ebuntwaneni cut waza watsala iindevu, adanduluke ukuba kuzakulungisa kuyo ngobudlongodlongo. Le isithembu isizwe ukhula ukuba kwimeko iqela elincinane lamadoda kuye kwayimfuneko.
3. Group Nicobar and Andaman izizwe - na enzela abahlala behlasela omnye komnye. Noko ke, kufuneka ukuba enze izenzo mu kuphela ngeeholide, njengoko "imveliso zokhuseleko" sele kwakhona ngokucotha kakhulu.
4. Ekugqibeleni, nawemithendeleko, - sesizwe ubuncinane kuphuhliswa kwaye kakhulu lula. Ulwimi le imithendeleko ezininzi nobu-, njengoko awunazo ezininzi iimpawu. Ukongeza, isizwe, ndayihluthwa kwiintsomi yayo.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, izizwe zasendle abantu ezenzekayo namhlanje. Baya babalekele abantu mihla kwaye ungafudumezi impucuko, imvelaphi yayo elandwa abaphandi kunye zidale ndlongo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, Noko ke, bona ayisasebenzi kwaye ngenye imini baya shwaka ngokupheleleyo ebusweni bomhlaba, enika indlela kwimpucuko.