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Amaqela zosasazeko: inkcazelo emfutshane
Labemi - lo ubudlelwane nentsebenziswano abantu kwiingingqi ezithile zentlalo. iinkqubo ngobomi indawo ngaphakathi lonke uluntu, kwamanye amazwe, ngokunjalo kwi mimandla zokuhlala ezincinci. Isifundo zesifundo iphatha izibalo. Eli gama livela kuthi evela ulwimi lesiGrike, lithetha "abantu" yaye "bhala". Le inzululwazi esifunda ngesakhiwo (iqela demographic - ngoobani kunye nophuhliso) kunye neentshukumo (ukuqhama, ukufa, ukufuduka) yabemi. Kuba kwabantu owayephila ezifanelekileyo ebalulekileyo kukuba ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene sabantu. Ngenxa yophando lwenzululwazi eziveliswa yi-nkqubo ethile karhulumente. Kwaye into yayo ephambili - andisa sabantu, yonke imikhosi ukuba ijonge ukuphumeza ngamathuba entle kule nkalo. Eli nqaku baya sihlolisise, yintoni demographic qela.
kwisakhiwo senani labemi
Inkqubo yentlalo ibandakanya kumaqela entlalo-yezibalo. Zahlula-hlulwe iindidi ezifana:
- ngobulili kanye;
- umthetho wekhaya elithile;
- yemfuza.
Ezi ntlobo zizalathisi-manani ukuqhama, ukufa, umtshato, uqhawulo-mtshato, ukufuduka utshintshiselwano phakathi kwabahlali kumazwe awahlukeneyo. iqela elibonisa wabonakalisa iimpawu ezifana: inani leminyaka, isini, ubume bomtshato, indawo yokuzalwa kunye zokuhlala.
Age kunye nesakhiwo sex
La maqela demographic zibonisa ukuzalana phakathi kwabafazi namadoda abahlala kwintsimi. Kwakhona kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu zonyaka ezahlukeneyo wokuzalwa. An isixhobo nokuhlalutya olu hlobo, nguye "iphiramidi". Ngalo ungenza ukuhlola umbutho yokuzalana kwabantu. imigca itshati, luniyeke ukuba umyinge ukuzalwa nokufa akazange iiyantlukwano okanye kuphambuka kwisiqhelo.
Iziseko zeentsapho
La maqela demographic - umanyano luphawulwa inani, ubungakanani, ulwalamano phakathi kwamalungu ngamnye entsapho nokubunjwa kwayo. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa ke izalathi si zokunikwa ubume bomtshato: sitshatile, (non) utshatile, abangatshatanga, ongumhlolokazi, umtshato, diverged kunye neqabane. Xa isifundo le hlobo kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwaye inxalenye yabantu edulusele ngaphandle ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Sithetha inani kwizizukulwana entsatsheni, malunga nokugqitywa izibini ezitshatileyo, inani labantwana ezingephi, ubudala bomntwana kunye neqondo ubudlelwane phakathi kweendidi eziliqela nezalamane. Kule sakhiwo inkqubo zonke "iseli zoluntu" kukho amaqela athile yezibalo. Imizekelo yonxulumano ezinjalo:
- ezilula (ngaphandle izalamane kunye nabantwana);
- nzima (bazalwana, noodade, etc ...);
- nabantwana enye okanye ngaphezulu (epheleleyo okanye engaphelelanga).
Ukuqwalasela oko emafeni lwasentlalweni indoda nomfazi kwisibini (efanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo) zime yohlobo olunye (uniform) kunye owahlukeneyo (inhomogeneous) usapho.
isigaba genetic
La maqela demographic akhiwa umlinganiselo yabantu abazalwa kwindawo ethile, kwaye iindwendwe lahlala phezu kwayo. Udidi lwesibini iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezichazwe azifani. Bona luphawulwa lakubuya eli xesha lokuhlala.
Abantu abatsha njengeqela elikhethekileyo demographic
kweminyaka Lower ukuqala kwiminyaka eli-14. Kwaye kule minyaka, umntu uqalisa kuqwalaselwa oqolileyo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye olusebenzisekayo. Uyakwazi ngokuzimeleyo ukukhetha ukufunda oko phambili, okanye ukudibanisa ngayo kunye emisebenzi ihlawulwe. Umda eliphezulu umiselwa yobudala apho abantu bafumane amava obungcali, bazimele kwezoqoqosho, njalo lobuqu. Zakha usapho kwaye babe nabantwana. Eli thuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu. Oku kubonakala kungekuphela nje umdali i "iseli yoluntu", kodwa umntu Iyakwazi inkqubo ulwazi oluthile, izithethe kunye neemfundiso yoluntu. Abemi eRashiya ukususela 1989, kwehle ngamandla. imithombo Contemporary lubonisa umzobo engaphantsi kwe 30 million, kodwa ke inani ngqo kodwa. Population census, nto leyo icwangciswe kwixa elizayo, sibe nako ukuba ukhankanye inani ngqo abameli kulutsha lwanamhlanje. Ngenxa falling amazinga ukuzalwa eRashiya "ukuguga" isizukulwana esitsha: ukwandisa inani buli-konyaka-25-29.
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