Amalunga welding: Iintlobo beentanda kunye namalungu

Ekwenzeni imisebenzi welding ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo. Welds bangathungelana iintsimbi nje kuphela kodwa nezinye izinto ezingafani. Elibhalwe kwelinye-sifuba iziqalelo ibandla ziquka yikhompawundi leyo umahluko zibe kumacandelo eziliqela.

endaweni weld joint

Umchiza afunyenwe kwinkqubo welding yahlulwe ezinjalo imimandla:

• Indawo fusion - umda phakathi metal nentsimbi weld ifunyenwe. Kule zone izinto iinkozo eyahlukileyo kubume evela kurhulumente ye-metal lomzali. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba yokunyibilika buso ngexesha lenkqubo welding.
• INKUNDLA impembelelo thermal - ummandla metal nto leyo phantsi reflow, nangona ngexesha ubushushu intsimbi, ubume balo litshintshiwe.
• I welding komphetho - isabelo luqokelelane ngexesha crystallization kwi Ukupholisa intsimbi.

Types of amalungu welding

Kuxhomekeka indawo izinto yaxokomezela ngalinye zohlulwa ngokwendidi kuthelekiswa ngamnye ezinye iikhompawundi ezifana:

1. Lempundu. Ukujoyina ye elements yokwakha lwenziwa ekupheleni enye moya lijongene omnye komnye. Kuxhomekeka nende ezahlukeneyo iinxalenye angakwazi iphela xa kuthelekiswa namanye nkqo displaceable.
2. uqhagamshelo Corner. Kulo mzekelo, ukuhlanganiswa eziphelweni yenziwe kwi-engile. Inkqubo welding lwenziwa emancamini ungamalungu ezikufutshane.
3. ukweqa ephindeneyo. Iinkcukacha ye welding amalungiselelo ngaxeshanye kunye ukudlulela buso.
4. uqhagamshelo End. izinto Weldable ziyahambelana ngaxeshanye omnye komnye yaye zokuyixakatha emiphethweni yayo.
5. T-ngokuhlangeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, omnye izahlulo isiphelo omelene enye inxalenye icala kwi-engile.

uxhulumaniso Welding kwakhona ziimpawu iintlobo welds, leyo onokufaneleka kwezinye iinkalo.

weld Indicators

Kukho eziliqela iparameters ezinokuthi wabonakalisa zonke welds ezifunyenweyo:

• ububanzi - ke ubungakanani nokuhlangana kwayo, phakathi imida azotywe imigca weld ebonakalayo;
• iingcambu weld - icala yalo leyo umgama ubuninzi ukusuka kwicala ngaphambili;
• uPienaar - uzimisele kwi nxalenye khaxa welungu kunye luchazwa umgama ukusuka kumphakamo womgca isiseko metal ukuya kumda ephezulu Buze;
• phakathi - le salathisi afanelekileyo ukuba ngaba indawo weld kuba, enyanisweni, unesiphene; Le eyesibini iparameter kumiselwa kwindawo apho umthungo unalo aphambuke kakhulu - ngakuye kubungakanani emhlabeni metal moya kulinganiswa wephiko;
• cathetus komphetho - kwenzeka kuphela kwikona ne T-amalungu; Walinganisa ngumgama omncinane ukusuka kumphezulu kwicala elinye isiqwenga yomsebenzi kulo mzobo phambi omhlophe umgca kwimbulambethe phezu yesibini.

Iintlobo sutures yi nendlela uphumezo

• welds unilateral. Basuke ababulawa umthondo metal ngokupheleleyo lonke ubude.
• -Ndlela ezimbini zoyilo. Ngokutsho iteknoloji emva iwelding ngomoya omnye, ingcambu weld isusiwe, yaye kuphela emva kokuba lo welding lwenziwa kunye nomnye ngesandla.
• ezivuzayo Abangatshatanga-umaleko. welding yokupasa Single owenziwe nge bead weld enye.
• Multilayer ezivuzayo. ukusebenzisa kwabo kunilungele xa ubukhulu enkulu intsimbi, ngamanye amazwi xa ukwenza iwelding kwi lokuphumelela enye akunakwenzeka ukuba ubuchwepheshe. Layer komphetho liya kuba izileyi ezininzi (passes). Oku kuya ukunciphisa ukusasazeka endle neziphumo thermal ufumane weld eqinileyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Iintlobo welds kwi indawo lwendawo kunye nobude

Ukwahlula loo iwelding Indawo:

• komphetho xa welding esezantsi ibekwe moya esezantsi oxwesileyo ie 0º engile kuthelekiswa emhlabeni ..;
• ukuba oxwesileyo oxwesileyo ulwalathiso ukuwelda kunye ntwana engile egqithe ukusuka 0º ukuya 60º;
• nkqo, kule ndawo kumphezulu weldable na moya ukusuka 60º ukuya 120º, iintsimbi oluqhutywa kwicala nkqo;
• Isilingi xa umsebenzi wenziwa kwi-engile 120-180º, oko kukuthi, i-welds ibekwe ngaphezu inkosi;
• "Xa iphenyane", elo lungiselelo ibhekisa kuphela lembombo okanye T-amalunga, loo nto imiselwe kwi-engile, iintsimbi lwenziwa 'ekoneni. "

Ucalucalulo ngobude:

• eqhubekayo, ngoko ke ubaleka phantse onke amalungu, kodwa ke kukho iimeko;
• izitishi ngakanye, kwenzeka kuphela amalunga lembombo; amalungu la mazwe kule hlobo enokwenziwa kokubini ichess yaye umyalelo chain.

elidlula

Lo msebenzi kuyilo usebenza kwimeko apho ububanzi zentsimbi esetyenziselwa welding, ubungakanani ngaphezu kwe-7 mm. Ukucanda emphethweni - na ukususwa ngentsimbi ekupheleni kwezinye ifomu. Le nkqubo lwenziwa xa iwelding yokupasa enye kumalungu lempundu. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze ufumane weld efanelekileyo. Ke ukuba izinto elingqingqwa, ukusika kufuneka ukuba ekuqaleni linyibilike lokuphumelela njengengcambu kwaye ngoko bead elandelayo ngokufanayo ugcwalisa lweHo- ithumba lonke Ebubanzini intsimbi.

imiphetho Ukucanda zingenziwa ukuba Ebubanzini but is ngaphantsi kwe-3 mm. Ngenxa yokuba ixabiso layo obuphantsi kubangela itshileyo-nge. Cutting luphawulwa eyakhayo iparameters: gap - R; kwikona yokusika imiphetho - α; anozizi - ne. Indawo yezi parameters ibonisa umzobo waloo weld.

Beveling kwandisa isixa consumables. Ngoko ke, eli xabiso ozama ukunciphisa. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iintlobo ngabaqambi:

• V-emise;
• X-emise;
• Y-emise;
• U-emise;
• kulo mqolomba.

Iimpawu ahlabayo imiphetho

Kuba nende ezincinane eziphathekayo ukuba welding ukusuka mm-3 ukuya 25 zidla kusetyenziswa ukusika ezimilise V-macala. Le Wotho ingaqhutywa kwiincam zombini okanye omnye wabo. Metal 12-60 mm kuyacetyiswa ukuba weld kunye bahlangene kabini X-ezimile bunching. Le α angle ekugawuleni kwi X, imilo V yi 60º, ukuba Wotho lwenziwa buthelezi omnye kuphela, lo α ixabiso ilingana 50º. Kuba Ebubanzini 20-60 mm kuya kuba izinga anoqoqosho ngentsimbi weld xa U-ezimile ahlabayo. Le Wotho kwakhona kuyilwa eziphelweni omnye okanye zombini. Anozizi kuba 1-2 mm, kwaye ixabiso abana ilingana 2 mm. Kuba esinobukhulu metal enkulu (60 mm), eyona ndlela isebenzayo kukuba uqhoqhoqho usika beskrini. Kuba nge welding ibaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo, oko kuchaphazela izinto ezininzi joint:

• ukusebenza nezixandileyo;
• amandla kunye nomgangatho weld;
• kuqoqosho.

Standards and GOST

1. Manual arc welding. GOST 5264-80 welds kunye khompawundi ziquka iintlobo, zobukhulu yoyilo ukuwelda electrode camera kuzo zonke izikhundla lomhlaba. Oku akubandakanyi igiza ngensimbi kuphela.
2. Segesi Imibhobho ephakathi yentsimbi. GOST 16037-80 - sichaza iintlobo ezisisiseko, elidlula ubungakanani yoyilo kwi indlela iwelding imishini.
3. Segesi imibhobho ezenziwe ngobhedu nobhedu-nickel aluminium. GOST 16038-80.
4. arc aluminium. ezivuzayo welding. GOST 14806-80 - imilo, ubukhulu, edge ukulungiselela iwelding manual kunye imishini ye-aluminiyam kwaye aluminium zayo, inkqubo lwenziwa kwi-bume zokuzikhusela.
5. arc kwamanzi. GOST 8713-79 - ukuwelda beentanda kunye ukuxhumana zenziwa iwelding oluzenzekelayo okanye imishini kwi ubunzima, xa ababetheki ngobhobhozo. It kudlulela Ebubanzini ezibengezelayo mm 1.5 ukuya 160.
6. Welding lealuminium kwi neegesi egalelwe. GOST 27580-88 - eMiselweyo le ncwadana, semi-automatic kunye nokudibanisa iintsimbi oluzenzekelayo. Kuye kwenziwa a non-eziphelayo electrode bayo egalelwe kunye nezinto lokufaka kwaye ibandakanya i-aluminiyamu okusuka of mm 0.8 ukuya 60.

Ukonyulwa weld

phambi welds Ngokutsho kwimimiselo kuboniswa kwi imizobo kwindibano okanye uhlobo jikelele. Ibonisa welds e imigca engqindilili, ukuba ziyabonakala. Ukuba ngokuchasene - inxalenye line namthanyana. Ukusuka kwezi migca ayibalwa callouts ezisusiweyo ne utolo elinye macala. Uphawu welds lwenziwa kwithala yinkokeli. Lo mbhalo phezu kwithala, ukuba nokuhlangana kwayo, phezu ecaleni ngaphambili. Xa lwalo, isikhundla umva ziya kuba phantsi kwithala. Oku kuquka ulwazi malunga nokuhlangana kwayo kolu luhlu lulandelayo:

• imiqondiso Auxiliary. Ekudibaneni kwe nenkokeli nge icon kwithala kungaba:

○ - komphetho ezivaliweyo;

┐ - komphetho welding kwenziwa ngexesha lofako.

• Kubekwa welds, izinto zabo zokusebenza kunye GOST lokqhagam.
• Name standard komphetho.
• Segesi indlela ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo yolawulo.
• Umlenze abonisa, lo mhlathi usebenza kuphela amalunga ekoneni.
• discontinuity ingenamthungo, ukuba zikhona. Khankanya indawo nyathelo kwaye inxalenye welding.
• icon ezongezelelweyo amaxabiso abancedisayo. Cinga babe into eyahlukileyo.

Amagama abangabancedani

Le miqondiso kwakhona isicelo encotsheni kwithala, ukuba umthungo iwelding ebonakalayo kumzobo, naphantsi kwayo, xa ongabonakaliyo:

• Ukususa kugunyaziso weld;
• unyango ngaphezulu kwaye zinika yenguqu kwamagingxi metal, ukuphelisa unokukhawuleza kunye angalinganiyo;
• omhlophe yenzelwa phezu kwetafise kumgca elivulekileyo; Olu phawu usebenza kuphela ebonakalayo beentanda zokuzoba iwelding;
• indawo entanjeni weld.

Ukuze lula, ukuba onke amalungu zokwakha zenziwa lundwendwe mnye, abe Novunayo kuyilo efanayo edge kunye nomlinganiselo, nokumakisha kunye nemigangatho welding elixelwe iinkcukacha. Izithinteli abe zonke, kodwa kukho inani elikhulu beentanda ezifanayo. Emva koko kwahlulwa ngokwamaqela ize ilabele amanani yezibuko ethetha iqela ngalinye ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngesinye isihlandlo isiqu omhlophe ngokupheleleyo. On enye ufake inombolo yesiriyeli kuphela. Inani lamaqela kunye nenani yaseZimbabwe ngamnye kubo kufuneka icaciswe namaxwebhu eqhelekileyo.