Ama-Midshipmen awona amaqhawe kuphela efilimu yecawa

Emva kokukhululwa ngowe-1988 wefilimu ekhokelwa nguSvetlana Druzhinina "Ixesha elide, phambili!" Abantu abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba igama elilungileyo lasemzini, elimi kwisihloko, lithetha ngokulingana ne-musketeer. Okokuthi, ububini bendoda esondeza abantu abancinci abancinci abahlala bekulwela ngamakrele, bexhamla kumahashe kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ekusebenziseni inxaxheba kwindlobongela yamatyala kwiphepha lembali. Ukuhlonywa kwiifilimu ezizayo malunga nokuqhubeka kwezizibopho zabo kuphela kwaqinisekisa le ngcamango. Kodwa eli gama elizidlayo linembali yalo, engafuneki ukuba ihlotshwe ngemibutho yabalobi bezembali.

Abasebenzi baseMidshipmen ngubani na?

I-Garde de sea yinqanaba lezemikhosi elisekwa ngumsunguli weenqanawa zaseRussia uPeter Omkhulu esikhundleni segama elithi "umhambi" kwaye uboleke kwisiFrentshi. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1716 xa uguqulela iiklasi ezazilungiselele abalawuli bamagosa esizayo kwi-School of Mathematical and Scientific Navigational Sciences eMoscow, ekhoyo iminyaka engama-15, kwi-capital capital. E-St. Petersburg, ngesiseko sabo, i-Academy yaseMaritime yasungulwa.

Ngokutsho kukaPetros, esi sihloko sasiphakathi: abaphakathi baba ngabaye baphumelela ngokuphumelelayo imfundiso eyimfuneko, kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwezakhono ezisebenzayo kunye namava akulungele inkonzo yesikhathi esigcwele njengegosa legosa. Isihloko sanikezelwa kubafundi abaphumelele kwi-Academy ngaphambi kokuba bakhululwe kwiinqanawa, apho bafumene khona izakhono eziphathekayo kwimicimbi yamanxweme kunye nomyalelo wabasebenzi beenqanawa. Ngokuxhomekeke kubude benkonzo, bahlula baba ngabakhulu nabaphezulu.

"Ekulweni-njengamajoni, kwinqanaba-njengabanqwelisi"

Abasebenzi bokuqala abasemazweni abasemagumbini aseRussia abancinci babekwe kwiqela labantu abangama-300. Ukugqoka i-uniform ekhethekileyo-i-uniform ye- Preobrazhensky yegosa, bafumana umxholo olinganayo kwisiqulatho samajoni kwi-Guards, ekwabahlula nakwabaseyili abaqhelekileyo. Kodwa enkonzweni, basebenzisa iCharter, njengemigangatho ephantsi, abaneemisebenzi ezifanayo ezisemthethweni.

Isimo sengqondo kubathwali besihloko esinjalo kwisiqephu sabantu besigqeba sasiyinkimbinkimbi. Akwazanga ukuqonda: ngubani ophakathi? Baqonda ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo zaselwandle ukusuka ngaphantsi, bhidliza ipakethe kwaye bakhuphuke ama-masts, bebeka iinqanawa, kunye nabanqwelisi abaqhelekileyo. Ngelo xesha, kwafuneka baqeqeshe imihla ngemihla kubaphathi bamanxweme ukuhamba, ukulawulwa kweenqanawa, ukuqhutyelwa kweenqwelo zokulwa kunye nokuqeqeshwa kokulwa kunye ne-musket. Babenyanzelekile ukuba bahlale begcina "irekhodi lomculo", esetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso ukulungiselela kwabo. Ngesimo sengqondo sokuxhaswa komphakathi kunye nokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo, abalawuli baphuma "ubungqinisiso bokuvuma", okwakungenwe ukuvavanywa kovavanyo lwabalimi. Ngamanye amazwi, abadlelwane, njengokuba bethetha, akukho ntlanzi okanye inyama, kwaye, de kube yidlulisa uvavanyo lokugqibela, ayikwazanga kuthathwa njengabaphathi bee-fully-fledged officers.

I-Gardemarin Inkampani

Emva kokufa kukaPetros, izenzo ze-brainchild yakhe ethandekayo - uMbutho wamaRashi waseRashiya - waqala ukuhla. Inani lezondlo liye lancitshiswa. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni bahlanganiswe kwinkampani enye kwi-Maritime Academy, kwaye kwakuphindwe kaninzi ukusuka ePetersburg ukuya eKronstadt nangemva. Ebusika, abadlali bezemfundo bafunda kwi-academy, ehlobo basebenza kwiinqanawa, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yenani elincinci lemikhosi yemfazwe ekhonjwe kwizibuko kwizithuba ezingaboniswanga (sergeant). Ngoku u-midshipman uvunyelwe ukuba athathe uviwo lwetayitiyiti yomntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka engama-7 emva kwenkonzo, kuphela emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kwimikhankaso e-3 kwaye kuphela ukuba kukho isikhala segosa.

Ngo-1752, i-Academy yaseMaritime kunye nenkampani yobudlelwane bezobudlelwane babhubha kwaye yaba yinxalenye ye-Naval Gentry Cadet Corps. Ngoku iinqununu zamagosa ezizayo zafundiswa iminyaka emithathu. Abalingani baka-Elizavetinsky baphumelele kwii-cadets, kwaye abo bafundayo kwiibini zokuqala babebizwa ngokuba ngama-cadets. Kamva abaxhamli baqala ukubiza abafundi bazo zonke izakhono ezizodwa zobunjineli, izixhobo zokuzikhusela, njl. Isikhundla samanxweme omkhosi wezemikhosi saqedwa.

Ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yoqeqesho kubaphathi bamanxweme

Le meko yahlala malunga nekhulu leminyaka. Phakathi kwekhulu le-XIX, umyalelo woMkhosi wamaRashiya wacaca ukuba kwakungenangqiqo ukunika igosa legosa kwintombazana ngokukhawuleza emva kweeyure zesikolo. Okokuqala, inkampani ehlukeneyo yobudlelwane yayidalwa kwi-Black Sea Fleet, eMykolayiv, kwaye ngowe-1860 kwafakwa isithuba esitsha. Obo babesondlo bahlobo lokubuyela kwiingcambu zikaPeter. Injongo yokumiselwa kwabo kwiNavy yayiyimfuneko yokunika abantu abatsha-abaphumelele kwiNavy Cadet Corps kunye neNikolayevsky Midshipman Inkampani-igosa kunye neendlela zamanxweme.

Ngokwezikhundla zabo zobungqingili bezilwanyana zihambelana nemibhozo yempi. Bembethe igosa elifanayo kwaye bafumana ukulungiswa kwemali ekhethekileyo. Emva kweminyaka emibili yenkonzo, ngesinconywa somyalelo, bavunyelwa ukuba bahlolwe ngokufanelekileyo kwi-grade level.

Oku kwaqhubeka kwada kwafika ngo-1882, xa isihloko sesigxina sabuyiswa kwakhona kubafundi bekhosi ephezulu ye-Marine Corps, abaye baqashwa kwihambo elwandle ekhethekileyo. Emva kokugqitywa kwezifundo, abafundi baphumelela uvavanyo lokugqibela baza baba ngabaphakathi. Emva koko, isihloko sesigaba semfundo sinikezelwa kubafundi bezifundo eziziisekondari nezizodwa kunye nesiqalo esithi "junior".

Ngomnyaka we-1906, emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweRashiya kwimfazwe neJapane, ukwabiwa ngokuthe ngqo kwetayitile yabafundi abatsha abaphunyeziweyo bathatyathwa ngokukhutshwa kwabo kwiinqanawa njengothutho lwabaphakathi kunye nokuhamba kwabo ngonyaka kwiinqanawa zokulwa. Kunyaka ngamnye, i-detachment yokuqeqeshwa ngokukhethekileyo yeenqanawa ezininzi zashiya iMeditera. Uviwo lwegosa elincinci lezemikhosi lenzeke ekubuyeni kweli phulo.

Kwixesha lamaSoviet, isihloko sesigxina saqedwa.

Imeko yangoku

Abalingani banamhlanje - yintoni na? Ngokuqhelekileyo le yigama labafundi beziko lemfundo ezizodwa njengesikolo sokuqala se-First Marine Cadet Boarding okanye abafundi besikolo sikaNakhimov. Kodwa oko kwenzeka, kunoko, ngokwesiko nangokwemigaqo.

Kungekude kudlulileyo, bekukho ulwazi malunga namalungiselelo okudubula umgca olandelayo kwifilimu yecawa, ngoko unokuqiniseka ukuba eli gama elizidlayo liya kuhlala kulwimi lwethu nangaphezulu.