Agglutination igazi - nto ... amaqela Igazi agglutination

Agglutination igazi - na lib nokufumba yodaka ngohlobo iiseli ezibomvu, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iiseli ekuhamba ezisegazini.

Le nkqubo ithatha indawo phantsi kweempembelelo agglutinins, ezo izinto ezithile. Indima yezi Substances Act lectins okanye izilwa-buhlungu.

iintlobo ezinokwenzeka of agglutination ekugqibeni amaqela igazi

Agglutination into ethile kunye nonspecific. Kwimeko yokuqala, basabela ithatha indawo inxaxheba amacandelo amathathu:

• nezakhi;
• omzimba;
• electrolytes (isisombululo isotonic isicelo).

Kukho zonke iintlobo agglutination kunokwenzeka ekugqibeni amaqela igazi, kodwa akunjalo kuphela.

Ngayiphi injongo zisetyenziswa?

Blood agglutination reaction isetyenziselwa ukuchonga arhente ezosulelayo. Ngelo xesha nye luhlala, kwaye kulula ukufumana ezike. Le nkqubo isetyenziswa, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kunye nokwenziwa kwesigqibo igazi. Oku kuya kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Iiseli ezibomvu egazini ziqulathe ezisegazini A kunye nohlobo B. Ezi zithinteli ukubophelela ά kwaye β ngokulandelelanayo. Amaqela Igazi basabela agglutination:

• 1, 0 (ά, β) - akukho awakwazi phezu kwamanzi erythrocytes;
• 2, A (β) - yangoku iantigens unalo A β;
• 3, (ά) - siqulathe iantigens lezibulala in ά;
• 4, AB (00) - kukho ezisegazini ezimbini, izilwa abangekhoyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba awakwazi esele iqatshelwe mbungu. Ngokumalunga lomzimba, ukuba kuvela emva kokubeleka, ngenyanga yokuqala yobomi.

iqela Igazi kuxhomekeke zokungahambisani zabantu. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba eli ligatya olungekazalwa umzimba unina. Ngamanye amazwi, iqulathe antibodies awakwazi enegazi umntwana. Kule meko kukho ukungavumelani. Ukongeza, ukutofelwa igazi kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo.

uqeqesho

Amaqela Igazi indlela agglutination - amagama ehambelanayo, adla ngokusetyenziswa amayeza.

Phambi kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo, kubalulekile ukuba babambelele izikhokelo ezithile. Lixesha lokuba ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa ukutya okuthile kunye namayeza. Oku kuza kunceda ukwenza iziphumo yechaneke ngaphezulu. Izindululo, ekufuneka banamathele ukuqesha kugqirha. Inyaniso yokuba iilabhoratri ezahlukeneyo ukuze kube kolundi efanayo lwamaxabiso ezifunyenweyo, oko kukuthi, zahluke kancinane.

Iimeko ovavanyo

Ukuze iqela igazi lingenakuxelwa ngokuchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukukhetha nesixhobo esifanelekileyo. Ezi ziquka:

• saline kunye sokukhetha umbala;
• iintonga zeglasi;
• izogemagglyutiniruyuschie serum eqhelekileyo;
• iipleyiti zodongwe ezomileyo, nto leyo yahlulwe kumacandelo ayi-4.

Kukho iimfuno kwiimeko yokuhlolwa:

• emini;
• lobushushu igumbi singaphezulu 16 C?;
• ukusetyenziswa imiqulu igazi kunye serum kwi ratio 1:10;
• imiphumo ethembekileyo afunyanwa phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5.

Ngaphezu ibonisa imigaqo engundoqo kunye nezixhobo. agglutination igazi kwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi, yaye ngamnye kubo phambili iimfuno ezithile.

iindlela

iindlela ekunokwenziwa nokumisela iqela yegazi nge agglutination:

• indlela eqhelekileyo;
• asabela Cross;
• Colyclons sebenzisa;
• indlela ekhawulezileyo usebenzisa iseti "Eritrotest-gruppokart".

indlela eqhelekileyo

Agglutination igazi zaye zaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa iiseli igazi yesigulane ebomvu. sera standard nazo kusetyenziswa, ebandakanya awakwazi ezaziwayo.

Epleyitini flat ezibekwe 1 drop ezine sera. Emva koko, usebenzisa iintonga iglasi yangena igazi isigulane ukuba ihlolwe. Kule meko iluncedo ukusebenzisa dropper iliso. Kufuneka ubambelele ratio 1:10. Serum kunye negazi zixutywe kakuhle. Phakathi imizuzu emihlanu ukuba bavavanywe.

Kokuhlaziya of test kuphumela indlela elula

Emva kwexesha elithile kwi serum tsakisi ukukhanyiselwa kuphawula. Abanye kunokubonwa ukuba agglutination iiseli ezibomvu sele yenzekile (kukubola emihle), kwezinye akunjalo.

Kukho ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• akukho ukusabela zonke eesampuli ze-serum - 1 iqela;
• ekunqandeni kwenzeka yonke indawo ngaphandle iisampulu-2 - 2 iqela;
• Kuphela ukungabikho kweli sample 3 - 3 iqela;
• agglutination kwenzeka yonke indawo - Group 4.

Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ilungelo lokusasazwa serum. Emva koko ukususa akuyi kuba yingxaki isiphumo. Ukuba agglutination igazi obuthathaka, kucetyiswa ukuba ukuhlalutya kwakhona. Kwimeko inqwaba ukuba phantsi ngemicroscope.

asabela cross

Maxa wambi indlela elula akunakwenzeka ukuba lwegazi ngqo. ke Agglutination wenziwe usebenzisa indlela lomnqamlezo-reactivity. Ngokungafaniyo uvavanyo lwalo yokuqala, ukubaluleka apha erythrocytes eqhelekileyo. igazi nomonde uchwethezelwe kulo ityhubhu yovavanyo, centrifuged, kwaye ngoko ke sokukhetha umbala Impontshelwa serum kwizifundo zokuqhubela phambili.

Yena na isixa ngamathontsi 2 obekwe kwi isitya, ngoko ingeza amaqela igazi elibomvu standard A noB Umxholo kugalelwe yi ndiwanyikimise isitya.

Iziphumo indlela cross-basabela

imizuzu emihlanu kamva, iisampulu zikulungele uviwo. Izinketho:

• ekwakheni ubuhlobo zenzeke zombini amathontsi - Group 1;
• ishq azibhalwanga ukubonwa nayiphi na iisampulu - 4 iqela;
• Inkqubo ibonwa kwi sampulu inye - Group-2 okanye ezi-3 (ngokuxhomekeke ngqo zijonge igazi).

Indlela isebenzisa Colyclons

Ukuze ubone lwegazi indlela loo agglutination yenziwa usebenzisa zokwenziwa esikhundleni sera. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba Colyclons. Bona ziqulathe substitutes ngumntu ά kunye β-agglyutinov eyaziwa ngokuba eritrotesty (pink and blue, ngokulandelelana). Indlela abasabela kwenzeka phakathi kwegazi kunye iiseli yesigulane ebomvu.

Le ndlela yeyona ichanekile kakhulu kwaye ithembekile. Ngokusisiseko, oko akuthethi ukuba ukuphinda-saveyi. Ukuvavanywa iziphumo lwenziwa ngendlela efanayo njengoko kunjalo kwimeko indlela elula. Osemqoka yeyokuba qela igazi yesine kufuneka nakanjani kuqinisekiswa yi awasabela kunye endaweni ethile eyenziweyo (anti-AB). Ngaphezu koko, akukho nje wabona adhesion ukudibanisa isisombululo sodium chloride.

ubuchule Rapid neqela "Eritrotest-gruppokart"

Ukuqwalasela iindlela kunokwenzeka uhlalutyo ekumisweni lwegazi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le ndlela uneempawu zawo. Bagqiba kwelokuba iziphumo ingahlolwa nje kuphela elebhu kodwa endle. Ukuqhuba isifundo usebenzisa kit okhethekileyo. Oku kuquka ikhadi kunye imingxuma emazantsi apho kukho wezenzi sele womile. Ukongezelela anti-AB, anti-A kunye anti-B, ukuchasa isicelo-D, uvumela ukuba ukujonga RH factor.

Lendlela ayifuni uqeqesho olulodwa, bavumelekile ukuba basebenzise igazi ethathwa ngomnwe kusenokuba iqulethe kwisigcinakaliso. Okokuqala, kufuneka wenze ukuba yeyiphi nethontsi lamanzi wavala izithako. Emva koko, yongeza igazi, kuhle agxojwa gxojwa. imizuzu emithathu kamva, iziphumo ziya kufumaneka.

agglutination amanga

Ngamanye amaxesha data afunyenwe emva kovavanyo, musa kunxibelelana yokwenene. Le meko ixhomekeke kwizinto ezithile.

Kukho iindidi ezintathu basabele bobuxoki;

1. Psevdoagglyutinatsiya. ekwakheni ubuhlobo bokwenene akwenzeki, iiseli ezibomvu egazini ziye zafakwa nje ngokohlobo rouleaux. Ukuba ufaka; bagqobhozile isibini amathontsi saline. Loo into iqwalaselwa phantsi ngemicroscope.

2. agglutination igazi Cold. Loo yokusabela elifana neli xa kunokwenzeka ukuba iimeko isifundo baba nezinzima. Xa lobushushu ngezantsi-16? C, lib, ungaboniswa.

3. Panagglyutinatsiya. Xa kukho usulelo kwiziphumo zovavanyo gazi bubuxoki. Lo mkhuba uyabonakala kunokwenzeka kwimeko umhlaza, xa nokudumba.

Agglutination kubaluleke kakhulu amayeza. It ivumela kuphela ukuba ukujonga iqela igazi, kodwa ukuchonga arhente causative zezifo, kwakunye phambi usulelo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukunamathela iingcebiso kagqirha kulungiselelwa le nkqubo. Ke ukuba abasebenzi bezonyango, umsebenzi wakhe ukudala iimeko kakuhle kunye nokuthobela yonke imithetho. Kuphela ngale ndlela sinako ukufikelela iziphumo ngqo xa agglutination igazi.