Abrek - ngubani na le nto? bayibiza bani na, nokuba yintoni na intsingiselo yalo gama?

Abrek esibizwa ngokuba wahamba Mountain aphilileyo, iphuma amandla kunye nomthetho, bephila ubomi ngasese, yaye ngamaxesha athile benza ukuhlasela karhataka. E North Caucasus izizwe abrek - uhlobo ekuthinjweni, nto leyo ulwaphulo kwafuneka ukuba akhokele ekundwendweni kunye nobomi isiqingatha karhataka. Yaye kuthekani aba balinganiswa obalisa ibali? Ngokutsho assumptions, igama elithi "abrek" lisuka kwigama le Ossetian "abyraeg" okanye "Abregov", gama elo elithetha "sisibhadu". Kamva, isiqu "abrek" waphelelwa waqonda njenge "thug" yaye "esisihange."

ukukhohlisa zoncwadi

uluntu Russian kakhulu ixesha elide wajonga zinkomo ngokusebenzisa bemilo of a zemibongo ezithile. Kaninzi ke imisebenzi neembongi Russian kunye ababhali zibe negalelo ukudala imifanekiso ingane le "abantwana zeentaba", ezifana Kazbich, Ismail Bey, kunye Hadji Murad. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, vuswikoti byo endla zemibongo ngakumbi nangakumbi nasekugqibeleni uye zisabonakala. Kuye kwafakwa iprozi ezinzima lokwenene. Indlela ukuba nice yothando yamahashe jonga akukho madoda ezintabeni, ezingqondweni zabanye abantu, babethe qwelele uloyiko kunye nokungafuni ukujongana nazo.

Inkcazelo ngaphandle romance

amagunya Russian eCaucasus kwafuneka ukuba ajongane abrekskim intshukumo. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX Bronevsky kwincwadi yakhe Classic "Caucasians" kakuhle kakhulu kwaye evumelana wachaza mountaineers umphangi bezandla. Wachaza indlela Chechens, ebenza isichenge ubomi bakhe, awela umlambo Terek kunye neentsuku 2-3 belinde imbonakalo wendlela zabarhwebi elilolo okanye igosa. Kwaye silindele, bahlasela kuye, ebotshelelwe log kwaye ngaloo ndlela ihanjiswa phakathi entabeni umlambo enamandla kubunini babo. Emva koko waphuma ukunxibelelana kunye nabasemagunyeni okanye izalamane ekupheleni laxhwilwa efuna intlawulelo. Lidla ngokuba mthinjwa babo bakwazi ukunceda imali entle. Kwaye ngoko ukuba indawo ubunyani elithi "abrek" ixabiso kunye ngokungqongqo yayo okunomdla esahlukileyo.

imvelaphi kobude

Ababhali-mbali zama ukwahlula zonke zolule abakula maqela mabini. Ukubunjwa yokuqala uphawuleka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: abrek - ngulowo badlale kanye nxamnye nkqubo lobukoloniyali tsarism kunye nezinikezeli yayo. Iqela lesibini liquka okule yesiqhelo inxaxheba abafikayo nesabasilaleleyo nokuphangwa ukuze inzuzo. Noko ke, iindlela ezifanayo kunye Eyokuqala, Eyesibini, wazibeka ngebande elinye kunye nezaphuli. "Izaphuli Political" Cossacks Russian kunye namandla zolule North County akazange ingqalelo.

Okunye kwi zinkomo zokuloba yokuphanga Undityhale izizathu kwezoqoqosho, kuba ezintabeni yomsebenzi kangakanani okanye ukutyala imali, oko akukho isityalo olungileyo ukuze zikhule. Kananjalo wakhulula umsebenzi neenkomo zizalele nakuzo. Yaye ethafeni, zazingahlali. Oku kukhokelele ekubeni amadoda ezintabeni asinabuganga ukuhlaselwa ukukhuthuza kunye nokubamba. Phakathi amatye akha iimboniselo amatye, wafihla wasemzini ibiwe lemfuyo. Nangona abanye asendle ozelwe mthetho: Ukuba une ixesha ukuqhuba iimazi libiwe okanye igusha inqaba yakhe, yayivala emasangweni, ukuba ezi zilwanyana kuba kokwakho.

Ukusuka umthetho ukuba nichase umthetho

Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX iimeko ezininzi Brigandage waqalisa ukusasaza kwi kummandla kwingingqi Terek, nto leyo yaba yingxaki enkulu kunokuba kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngokuba 1910 lokwenzeka kwetyala 3650 kukuhlaselwa karhataka axhobileyo. capture ngokungakhethi yabemi afumileyo, amagosa zolawulo intshabalalo, uhlaselo uloliwe, stagecoach, kwi-Treasury kunye neebhanki kwiivenkile kunye iivenkile kunye nempahla, oobusela ngendlela iinkomo namahashe - ziye kuphela kuluhlu yomelezwe abantu intembelo yokuba abrek - it ububi kunye chaos, ukusuka apho phantse akukho ukhuselo. Kodwa asingabo bonke njalo, kwaye ngezantsi esilishumayelayo ukuthelekisa abantu ababini, abagxothiweyo ezimbini oluntu, kwaye nezigqibo zakho.

Osman abrek Mutu (Groznenskiy weSithili)

Osman wayevela kwintsapho edumileyo Chechen, yakuba eyaduma kwimfazwe phantsi kobunkokheli Shamil. Career isosha eMonastri yabavukeli wayengenamdla Man. Wafunda e Grozny, yaye wayefuna ukuba ngumguquleli elungileyo ukuba bangene kwinkonzo karhulumente. Ilahleko lwabazali banyanzelisa mfana ukulibala malunga ngezifundo zabo kwaye abuyele kwilali yakhe lomthonyama, apho abantu belali sele analamkela bakhe, kodwa njenge "njengomphambukeli". Osman okumenza ngokwenza ukuzinyamekela, kodwa ukuba benze into engekho mthethweni akakaze engqondweni yakhe.

Kwaye xa ulawulo yesithili ngokunxulumene mthetho olukhulayo kunye namatyala rhoqo wabaphangi wawufuna uzinikele "Amalungu ekrakra 'ukuba ukugxothwa eSiberia, ngoko abantu abanganyanisekanga wanika ngokubulawa kwabantu Osman nabo bonke abo kulungiselwe bona kwakungekho mntu ukuba awangxengxezele. Ukusuka eSiberia ndoda wabaleka, kwaye uzimele, weza amandla kunye nesicelo ukuba baphande impazamo. Nangona intloko ndawo wakhonza zilingana Jikelele. Yena ngokunyanisekileyo wasondela umba, evavanya ityala kwaye ngokusemthethweni waqonda Osman ityala. Kodwa ke ukuhlala ngoxolo kwakhona, azizange amnike efanayo zonke ukunuka kwakhona wabhala ityala lakhe zobuxoki. Kwaye kwakhona eSiberia kusinda. Kodwa xa wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe, ngoku Mutu wanyamalala ezintabeni.

Chechen "Dubrovsky"

Ngoko ke, oko wacinga edlulisela ibinzana elithi "abrek"? Intsingiselo yegama elithi ngokuqhelekileyo kudityaniswe asebukhosini, kwimeko Osman Mutuevym. Ixhoba lokungcatsha yabantu, Osman umphefumlo lukhuni kwaye bacaphuke. indoda enengqondo ukunyaniseka - ngezi kwaye uphethe ihlabathi - iye yaba igqwetha lejaji lokuba bonke akhubeke ngokungekho sikweni. Kuba lo nguye Wayesoloko wamkelekile kwaye nkqu ngokuba Ingangamsha yabo. Kwaye nje usapho, kanye wayegculela Osman, kodwa waqhubeka ukudlala kuye amandla, bamthethela umgcini kwaye bebanika kuye bonke ukwenza ezinye baphangi. Osman wabulawa kwenye engacimekiyo, oququzelelwe abasemagunyeni kwesiqalekiso unfair elandelayo.

Claims abrek

Iqala kwintaba zaseCaucasus angabukela ngonaphakade, ungenza i iifoto kunazo zonke yaye mhle. abrek, ukubonakala kule imvelaphi mhle, ngaxa lithile kunyanzeleka ukuba alibale onke amazwi. Amabango - umahluko ngokupheleleyo Osman. Ubalekile entolongweni ngeendleko abantu nokubulala abaliqela, waya baphangi. Amabango waba elifutshane, zingcakacile, yaye ibinzana ngumsindo ubuso bakhe kunye nembonakalo yakhe yonke, wakhangela ngathi nyani.

A isici esasenza ngezenzo zakhe - neengcwangu, umnqweno akananceba yaye ngqiqweni nokubulala, ngamanye amaxesha akazange nkqu rob amaxhoba abo. abrek ezinjalo - yaba yinkomo ngokobuntu. Uthi bankwantya, Russian, yaye abemi entabeni. We ndakucaphukela konke oko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga. Le ndoda-irhamncwa bonke ahlawule uhlobo nokuba enogonyamelo ngakumbi.

isiphelo

Ilizwi, leyo kuthiwa abathululi, musa ukuyibona imithetho oluntu, okanye enqwenela nje lokuphila ngaphandle kuyo, wabufumana kwexesha, umbala ezimbi. Abrekov wayemoyika. Kodwa njengokuba kwenye, abanye abantu bazalwa, ahlale kuye, ezinye similise izilwanyana. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto neemeko ezingqonge, yaye amandla ngabafo komoya?