Abalobi abadumileyo bePoland bekhulu lama-20 neye-21.

Ababhali basePoland, mhlawumbi, abaqhelani kakhulu nomfundi waseRussia. Nangona kunjalo, ulwahlulo lwangaphakathi lweencwadi zeli lizwe lusetshenziswe kakhulu kwaye lugqwesileyo. Mhlawumbi oku kungenxa yokufa kwabantu abaPoland, iinkulungwane zokunqoba nokuhlukana komhlaba, ukuhlasela kwamaNazi, ukutshabalaliswa kwelizwe kunye nokubuyiselwa kwayo okukhulu kwiindawo ezinxuwa.

Nangona kunjalo, abalobi basePoland bayaziwa ngenye icala, njengabameleli abaqaqambileyo bezinto ezinjengeentlobo ezinjengezenzululwazi zengcali kunye nomphenyi oyingozi. Makhe sikhulume ngabalobi abalulekayo basePoland ngeenkulungwane ezingama-20 neye-21, ubuqaqawuli babo buye ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe labo.

USenvvich Henrik

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, uSenvvich waba ngumlobi owaziwayo kakhulu wasePoland. Iincwadi zabaPoland ababhali abavumi ukunikezelwa ngamaphuso amakhulu kwihlabathi, kodwa ngo-1905 uSenkevich wamphumelela kwiNcwadi yeNobel kwiNcwadi. Wanikezelwa yonke imisebenzi yakhe yokubhala.

Omnye wemisebenzi yakhe edumileyo yinto yesiganeko esithi "Umlilo Nenkemba", echaza ngokuphathelele kwi-Commonwealth. Ngomnyaka we-1894, wabhala umsebenzi wakhe olandelayo u-Quo Vadis, kwiinguqulelo zesiRussia "iKamo Ridge". Le ncwadana malunga noBukumkani baseRoma ilungisa udumo lukaSenkevich njengenkosi yembali yembali kwiincwadi. Nanamhla, le ncwadana isoloko idume kakhulu kwaye iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Umsebenzi wakhe olandelayo wawunomxholo othi "AbaQhuqayo" malunga nokuhlaselwa kwe-Teutonic Order ePoland.

Ngoqhekeko lweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, uSenkevich washiya eSwitzerland, apho wafa ngo-1916 waza wangcwatywa khona. Kamva ihlala yakhe yavuselelwa eWarsaw.

ULim Stanislav

I-Polish futurologist uStanislaw Lem uyaziqhelanisa nehlabathi lonke. Ipeni lakhe liquka imisebenzi enqabileyo njenge "Solaris", "Eden", "Izwi leNkosi" nabanye.

Wazalelwa ngowe-1921 kwisixeko saseLviv, esasiyiPoland. Ngethuba lobudlelwane baseJamani, ngokumangalisa, andizange ndifike kwi-ghetto ngenxa yamaphepha athile. Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe yehlabathi II, wathuthela eKrakow ngaphantsi kwenkqubo yokubuyela ekhaya, apho afundela ugqirha. Ngo-46, uLom uphawula ibali lakhe lokuqala, kwaye ngo-51 yakhe i-Astronauts yakhe yokuqala yencwadana, eyayenza ukuba idume ngokukhawuleza, ipapashwe.

Yonke imisebenzi yomlobi inokwahlukana ngamaqela amaninzi. Enye ingumsebenzi obalulekileyo kwi-science yesayensi. Enye ibhaliwe nguye njengomlobi. Le mi sebenzi enyantisayo, efana ne "Cyberiad" kunye ne "Peace on Earth".

Umlobi wezenzululwazi wasePoland ngumlobi wemisebenzi eguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingama-40 kwaye ihlabathi lidayise iikopi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 zeencwadi zakhe. Ezinye zezenzo zakhe zihlolwe.

Gombrovich Witold

Lo ngumlobi wasePoland, u-satirist, umdlali wezemidlalo ngexesha le-50-60 ye-20 leminyaka. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala yokuqala, uFerdidurka, yavelisa impendulo enkulu. Wayehlukanisa ngonaphakade ihlabathi leencwadi lasePoland ukuba abe ngabamkeli kunye nabagxeki bomsebenzi wakhe, phakathi kwabo kwakukho nabanye ababhali basePoland.

Inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iinqanawa ze-Gombrowic zihamba ngomkhombe ukuya eArgentina, apho ufumana khona iminyaka embi yemfazwe ekuthinjweni. Emva kokuphela kobutshaba, umbhali uyaqonda ukuba umsebenzi wakhe ukhohliwe ekhaya, kodwa akulula ukunqoba igama elizweni. Kuphela kwiminyaka engama-50 ePoland yaqala ukuphinda iphinde iphinde ibenze imisebenzi yakhe endala.

Kwiminyaka engama-60, udumo lubuyela kuye, ngokuyinkolelo kumabonakude amasha "iCosmos" kunye ne "Pornography", ezipapashwe eFransi. Kwimbali yeencwadi zehlabathi, uWitold Gombrowicz wahlala eyinhloko yelizwi kunye nefilosofi owayeye wangena ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwingxabano nembali.

UVishnevsky Janusz

Abambalwa abalobi basePoland banamhlanje bayaziwa kwihlabathi njengoJanusz Wisniewski. Nangona ngoku ehlala eFrankfurt am Main, imisebenzi yakhe ihlala idwetshwe ngekratshi ekhethekileyo yesiPolish prose, kunye nomdlalo wayo kunye nomculo.

Incwadi yokuqala yeVishnevsky "Ukuxhatshazwa kwintanethi" malunga noluthando olungqalileyo lwangempela lukhupha umhlaba. Iminyaka emithathu le ncwadi yayingcono kakhulu, yahlolwa kwaye yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi.

Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yomsebenzi kamva ayishiyi abafundi abachaseneyo, kuba ubhala ngothando, malunga namandla aloo mva kunye nobuthakathaka bawo, malunga nento yonke umfundi eyaziyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha akanakukubeka kumazwi.

Khmelevskaya Ioanna

Imisebenzi kaPani Khmelevskaya ayithathwa njengencwadi ephezulu, kwaye akumangalisi, kuba uhlobo lwakhe luyi -detective. Kodwa awukwazi ukukhanyela udumo lwakhe. Iincwadi zeKhmevskaya Steel zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa nje yeengcinga kunye neengcinga zobukhohlakeleyo zobuqili, kodwa kunye neenkcukacha zamagorha ayo. Umxholo oyintloko weencwadi ezininzi ubhalwe phantsi kumbhali-onesibindi, ongenangqondo, onobuqili, onomdla, uPani uJohn akazange amshiye nabani na ongathandekiyo. Abanye babhalwa nguKhmelvskaya kubahlobo babo, izalamane kunye nabo. Ngentando yengcamango yakhe, abaninzi baba ngamaxhoba okanye abaphuli-mthetho kwaye, njengoko behleka kamva, abazange bakwazi ukulahla umfanekiso omiselweyo.

Ubomi bakhe bendiphosa ngamabali amaninzi - imicimbi yothando, iintlanganiso ezidibeneyo, ukuhamba kunye neziganeko ezimnandi kakhulu zeMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili, umsebenzi waseWarsaw, iinjongo zezoqoqosho ezinzima zelizwe. Konke oku kungeniswa kwiincwadi zakhe zokuphila kolwimi kunye nokuhlaziya okubukhali, okwenziwe ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe langaphandle.