A valve intliziyo; ukusebenza ngenxa esikhundleni nesifo kunokwenzeka

Intliziyo yomntu iye ukuqanda ezine. Ngamnye kubo kuhlangene imingxunya ezikhethekileyo - lwezivalo. Kufuneka ukuba leyo igazi kwiiseli ngokulinganayo. Xa izifo kwemithambo yenhliziyo, zifuna uncedo cardiologist. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuphelisa ngezifo, uqhaqho kuyimfuneko. Diseases vana izixhobo sikhokelele ukusilela kwegazi. Ukuba akukho manyathelo athathiweyo, lo ngezifo kunokukhokelela ekufeni.

Yintoni valve intliziyo?

kwemithambo yenhliziyo ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa indlela elinye igazi yangoku ukusuka kwenye kwiseli uye kwenye. Ziqulethe .lulwaleko engaphakathi emzimbeni - endocardium. ivalve wentliziyo ukhonza window phakathi ukuqanda. Enkosi kuye, igazi busuka kwigumbi omnye komnye njengoko kuyimfuneko. izixhobo Valvular sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

1. Le annulus fibrosus.
2. Muscle inyama ndimbophe.
3. ZobuKristu.

Ezi zithinteli zikhona kuzo zonke lwezivalo. ring Fibrotic nezinto phakathi nemingxuma zenze isakhelo intliziyo. Yena imelwe kwimicu ashinyeneyo elastic collagen. Ezi enezinto vana ayimfuneko ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa Umqala wamantla ayo ngexesha systole. Igazi iphoswe isuka phezulu-uxinzelelo kwegumbi intliziyo ukuya kwenye. Ukuba ayifakwanga kuko nto-nye, le beziya vana nalo ixesha wambhakraza. Kumenze - a nokuqina inyama bands. Bona ukudibanisa ivalve kwizihlunu papillary kwentliziyo. umsebenzi wazo - ukuqinisekisa lexinene phakathi iingcango.

Kwiintlobo ngeentlobo kwemithambo yenhliziyo

Kukho 2 iintlobo semigudu: i atrioventricular kunye semilunar. Okokuqala - ukunika Uqhakamshelwano phakathi kwamagumbi. valve Semilunar ziyimfuneko ukugcina igazi flow efanelekileyo kwimikhumbi ezinkulu inhliziyo - aorta kunye pulmonary. Yi Ekungeneni atrioventricular zibandakanya ezi ndidi zilandelayo semigudu:

1. Mitral.
2. Tricuspid.

Mitral yentliziyo nokufakelwa inxulumanisa intendelezo yasekhohlo kunye ventricle. It iqulathe amaphiko-2. ivelufa Tricuspid ukwakweli umda kwamagumbi sengqondo esifanelekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo kuvulwa atrioventricular ekhohlo, iye enezinto ezintathu. Igazi sokumpompa ngentliziyo zonke iimpahla nomzimba, kufuneka intliziyo ivalve aortic. It has ezibayeni 3: ekunene, ekhohlo kwaye umva. Ukuvulwa isiqu pulmonary zilahlwa ngamashishini ukusuka intendelezo ekunene. Ukuze ukusebenza ejikeleza ezincinane nezinkulu, kubalulekile ukujonga ukusebenza yonke lwezivalo. Ukonakala kwenye kubo kukhokelela ukusilela intliziyo.

Izifo izixhobo vana

kwemithambo yenhliziyo Valvular inokuba phantsi walimala. Kwezinye iimeko isakhiwo engalunganga Imingxuma phakathi kwamagumbi. Oku kubonisa ubukho malformations iziphene intliziyo, apho lasekwa ngo amalungu lwenqaku lencwadi kwi olungekazalwa. Kuba mgaqweni ezifana ziquka:

1. siphene Ventricular septal.
2. Patent ductus arteriosus.
3. siphene Atrial septal.
4. stenosis Aortic kunye pulmonic.

Ukongeza iziphene vana ibonakala licuthe le imithambo yegazi eyinhloko, indawo yabo ephosakeleyo, akukho ezingontsini zentliziyo, njalo njalo .. Kwezinye iimeko, kwafunyaniswa indibaniselwano ezimbi eziliqela.

Izifo izixhobo vana nga ifunwe. Baya kuthi kwisiqalo nesifo sentliziyo ezosulelayo esingapheliyo, iinkqubo systemic arhabaxa. Izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukuyilwa iziphene ziquka: endo- kunye myocarditis, samathambo, yegazi, njl Ngu ukuphazamiseka ezifunyenwe ziquka stenosis kunye insufficiency semigudu ... Ezi zifo badla abafunyenwe kwizigulane abaselula eliqina.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba ukuhlinza

Ukuba yaphulwe unxibelelwano phakathi nemingxuma kwentliziyo, kufuneka indawo isivingco sentliziyo. Lo msebenzi uza kunceda ukuba uphephe uphuhliso ukusilela kwegazi. utyando olunjalo - le yinkqubo kakhulu ukuba zingasetyenziswa kuphela xa ezinye unyango ningayingenisi isiphumo. Kukho Yayibubungqina zilandelayo kutyando:

1. Wavakalisa insufficiency vana. Ungachazwa ukuba igqabi fehle, ngokulula andisiweyo.
2. Stenosis ka vana. Kuyinto ukuvala imingxunyana phakathi kwamagumbi yentliziyo.

Ama lwenziwa kwiimeko apho vana na inyama kakhulu kakuhle kwaye ubuyisele isakhiwo yayo akwenzeki. Ngokubanzi, oko uyaqapheleka izigulane stenosis kakhulu. unyango kuhlinzwa kuyinto kuyimfuneko ukuba isigulane sele iimpawu sisifo sentliziyo uxilongwe kakhulu. Iimpawu zesi sifo ziquka: ukuphelelwa umoya nokuphumla, syncope, angina. Kwakhona, esikhundleni ivelufa eziveliswa ukuba umngxuma wayo iingqameko ngaphezu kwe-50% ne ngaphantsi kwe-1 cm. Sokwenziwa yenza kwezo kwiimeko apho kukho calcification le amaphetshana okanye izihlunu papillary.

Yintoni ebangela yentliziyo nokufakelwa insufficiency?

Ivelufa insufficiency ukuvela imvelaphi yesifo sentliziyo esinganyangekiyo. Oku kukhokelela utshintsho flow igazi regurgitation - umva bamshiya. Ukungaphumeleli basibone xa ivelufa intliziyo ayivaleki ngokupheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, i igqabi abe ngaphantsi elastic. Kwiimeko ezininzi, valve eqhelekileyo aortic kunye mitral.

Ukumisela intliziyo ukwenza valvuloplasty. Kwiimeko kakhulu, sokwenziwa vana. insufficiency Aortic kukhokelela ukubuya igazi waphoswa ventricle ekhohlo. Ngenxa yale kwegumbi intliziyo uyakhula ngcembe yaye ulahlekelwa contractility yayo. Ukungaphumeleli le ivelufa mitral luphawulwa regurgitation igazi ukuya em- intendelezo ekhohlo. Nganye kwezi ezimbi kukhokelela ukusilela intliziyo.

Types of zotyando

Kuthekani ukuba ivelufa intliziyo ezimashakeleyo? Olu tyando lwenziwa kwiimeko kwekhono okuphawulekayo komzimba. Ukuba ukusilela intliziyo ihlawulelwa, kwanonyango elondoloza. Izifo izixhobo vana ayithethi ukuba iindlela zokwenziwa. Kwezinye iimeko le ngxaki lupheliswe ngaphandle ukuqaliswa lenkohlakalo. Kuba Iinkqubo zotyando entliziyweni ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Ibhaloni valvuloplasty. Liba- nokwandisa ivelufa stenosis iingqameko.
2. Annuloplasty. Kuyinto ukubuyisela isakhelo esebenzisa isangqa inkxaso vana. Le inkomba lo msebenzi lulwandiso emngxunyeni phakathi kwamagumbi ezibangelwa kusilela.
3. Prosthetic yentliziyo nokufakelwa - oluqhutywa kwiimeko zomonakalo kunye calcification le amaphetshana.

Ukhetho zotyando kuxhomekeke ubungqongqo unesiphako, ubudala kunye nemeko ngokubanzi malunga nesigulane eso.

Technique valvuloplasty

Igama elithi "valvuloplasty" libhekisela imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo kwi kwemithambo yentliziyo. utyando ezifana lwenziwa njengoko iziphene emzimbeni mgaqweni, yaye kwimeko isiphako ezifunyenwe. Valvuloplasty lwenziwa, ukuba kukho stenosis okanye insufficiency isivalo ngaphandle umonakalo kobume bayo. Kwakhona, le ndlela unyango ngotyando lwenziwa phambi Izimo ukuba busebenzisa.

Utyando luqhelekileyo kwentliziyo ka stenosis aortic okanye ngasekhohlo atrioventricular yokuvula kucingwa ukuba ukuvuleka valvuloplasty. Le ibandakanya lokufakela locingo ezizodwa ngokusebenzisa umthambo femoral. Xa ityhubhu lufika lokuvula vana, ibhaluni ilahlwe ekupheleni kwayo, umoya zifakwa. Emva koko, lo catheter isusiwe. Olu tyando lwenziwa phantsi angiography kolawulo. Akudingi zomzimba jikelele, uze uqhagamshele isigulane mpilo.

Kwezinye iimeko, stenosis commissurotomy ukwenza. Ihlala asike anamagqatyana ezinyibilikiswe.

Annuloplasty lwenziwa xa ukusilela vana. Le ebonisa lo ukwandiswa beziya ngaphandle kokonakalisa organic. Ugqirha ukhetha ubukhulu inkxaso isangqa efunekayo kwaye oqondela kwi endothelium esebenzisa beentanda.

Prosthetic valve yenhliziyo

Umsebenzi endaweni ivelufa intliziyo lwenziwa yi ukuvala orifice atrioventricular ku 1.5 cm, aortic -. 1 cm ukusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo njenge zitho. Kwezinye iimeko, intliziyo izigulane zilinywe mbobo izilwanyana - iihagu okanye iinkomo. Kukholelwa ukuba umngcipheko ukulahlwa zitho lingaphantsi kwe zokwenziwa. Enye indlela i abohlukeneyo uqhaqho ivalve yemiphunga endaweni orifice aortic yonakele. Kwenziwa inkqubo efanayo lwenziwa kuphela kwizigulane abancinane, ekubeni libhekisela iinkqubo ngendlela mngeni yotyando.

Ubomi emva kotyando intliziyo

Nangona isibakala sokuba utyando kwentliziyo zithathwa yingozi, bavame kuphela kwendlela ukusindisa ubomi bomntu. Emva umba zokufakelwa ulawulo rhoqo kwimeko yomguli kufuna. Kufuneka iziguli utyando ukuthatha amayeza ukuxozwa ubomi, negazi. iziyobisi "Warfarin" libhekisela kwiziyobisi ezinjalo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukuyilwa amahlwili egazi ivalve ngumntu.