A uqhagamshelo esiqingqiweyo amathambo ... Yintoni le uxhulumaniso amathambo ayinakutshintshwa?

Amathambo ngamnye emzimbeni womntu ezidibene omnye komnye enye amathambo izihlunu, nemisipha, cartilages. Bathi kulinika ziphembelele namandla, yaye kwiimeko ezininzi, intshukumo. Phantse onke amathambo emzimbeni womntu ezicace ngqo kunye nabanye.

Types of connection ka amathambo

Kukho 3 iintlobo unxibelelwano phakathi amathambo: esisigxina, mobile kunye nezo ehambayo. A degree of inkululeko ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nesakhiwo yethishyu ephakathi amathambo. Oko ezizidibanisayo kakhulu nzima, ukunika uqhagamshelwano bhetyebhetye limited okanye ezininzi ezibanzi motion:

1. Sekunjalo ithambo compound lidla ukuba esakhiwe fusion yabo, loo nto luphawu lokuba iintshukumo elilinganiselweyo yokuswela kwakhe okupheleleyo okanye ukuhamba encinane.
2. Zihlanganisi zikhona semi-Nokukhuza phakathi uxhulumaniso zokubhala kunye mobile.
3. Kuba uxhulumaniso ezihambahambayo amalunga, abanoxanduva ubuchwephetshe bokuba intshukumo emzimbeni.

uxhulumaniso esisigxina

A uqhagamshelo esisigxina iye amathambo lukakayi, isinqe kwabantu. Ucishe phakathi kwabo kukho umaleko obhityileyo umthungo ukudibanisa okanye intlala. Xa ucinga ifomu umzi, kukho beentanda unamazinyo, ayaba flake. Bonke bephela ezi ndawo emathanjeni lukakayi, uchonge isiphumo ukunceda ngexesha intshukumo.

Ngenxa yokuba uxhulumaniso esisigxina iye amathambo amathambo ukhakhayi awukhusele iziqalelo ngaphandle ingqondo kunye kumalungu yovakalelo, kwakunye ukwenza iimpawu yobuso. Ezi nketho yodwa amalunga nizhechelyustnye temporomandibular ukuba uqhagamshele ukakayi kunye umhlathi ongezantsi.

Ubume bale amathambo yokakayi

Xa ukakayi kubakho izahlukahlukano 2 ezinkulu:

• Omnye wabo, ingqondo yakhiwe amathambo 8 ezikhusela ingqondo kunye endlebeni. Onke amathambo akhe maleko oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwithishyu ezinezikhondo - amalungu.
• A ubuso iqulathe amathambo-14, apho impumlo, umlomo namehlo. Amathambo mmandla lubalulekileyo phawu yobuso ebusweni babantu. Faka i ngeempumlo wahlulwa ube ziziqingatha ezibini macala zekhala osteochondral. outgrowths nokudleka ebizwa turbinates, ukuba ukuhamba zezulu engenayo nefudumeleyo ecociweyo, eshiya uxakaxa uthuli kunye iintsholongwane. Oku kuvula i sinuses.

A uqhagamshelo elisisigxina ithambo kukho umaleko obhityileyo kwithishyu ezinezikhondo, nto leyo edlala indima glue. It is a kumiswa ezinezikhondo ashinyeneyo leyo ebenza ukugogeka. Loo uxhulumaniso fixed ngamathambo ekuthiwa synarthrosis. Synarthrosis efumaneka lukakayi, ezifana amalungu akhe kwizicwili phakathi kwabo. Yiloo kuhlanganisiwe ngayo kunye nezinye namathambo, yaba lukakayi, kwamazinyo ezinemingxuma imihlathi.

semi-ihamba ezimbaxa

Xa abantu, 7 omqolo wesibeleko, apho kukho ezimbini eliphezulu Atlanta yezihlunu. Atlanta - umsesane intsimbi, leyo ibizwa ubunzima iphela ukakayi yabantu. igama lakhe, ngasendleleni, lunikezelwa ititan wasentsomini ebambelele emagxeni akhe kumagumbi angaphantsi ezulu. Kuyinto ngenxa nokuzicacisa Atlas kunye lukakayi, umntu unako unqwale. A yezihlunu vertebra okanye epistrophe yakha izinyo phezulu, ngeenxa yokubolekisana kunye ukhakhayi Atlas.

Connect semi-uhambisa amathambo na intlala, kodwa intlala liyajiya apho kwisisu nzulu. ukuhamba Limited ezi zihlanganisi kungenxa amacwecwe intlala kunye neentambo elastic.

Synchondrosises - a semi-elihambayo unxibelelwano phakathi amathambo degree encinane kakhulu ukuhamba. iikhompawundi intlala ziye kuphela ukushukumiseka ngenxa luthambe le intlala, ithambo esibophelelayo. Umzekelo, joint semi-ihamba wethambo iye symphysis Eyandisiweyo, ukuvala isinqe ngaphambili kunye akwazi lialio. Iiseli intlala ezahlulwe sisithuba into intercellular kaninzi lwenza isakhelo eqinileyo, evumela ukuba enze nerakhi, ukuxhasa zikhusela.

uqhagamshelo cartilaginous

Kukho iindidi eziliqela intlala:

1. Hyaline (yiglasi) - yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Lowo unamandla kakhulu, agudileyo, elinombala. Yenza amathambo ye ndiseyimbumba kunye abadala - inxalenye iimbambo, inkxaso yokuphefumla kunye namathambo ekulinywe kwiindawo articular. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, amathambo ezingekazalwa sakhiwa becala a intlala enjalo bhetyebhetye, ngokuthe ngcembe ikhula iba kwezihlunu ithambo. Yokutyiwa kwaloo intlala phakathi diaphysis kunye epiphyses kubune kuphela kwiminyaka engama-25. Ukongeza, ayizizo zonke intlala amathambo ossified. Lowo uhlala phezu iindawo articular amathambo, impumlo neendlebe.
2. Le ezinezikhondo (ezinezikhondo) - ezimhlophe ngebala. Iqulethe Imicu collagen kunye neefom iikhompawundi kunye ukuhamba elinganiselweyo, ezifana odibanisa Recordable intervertebral. Ezi compact cartilaginous intervertebral ukuze zixinaniswe kancinane kwaye curl, kodwa ukunika bhetyebhetye yomqolo ngenxa ubuninzi bayo.
3. Elastic (net) - elityheli ngebala. It sibonisa inani elikhulu imicu elastin, nto leyo enika ukuba bhetyebhetye. Yenza amathambo indlebe kunye womqala.

Collagen - impahla ixesha elide kakhulu yaye bhetyebhetye, nto leyo sisiseko ezininzi izicwili nokuqina adibanayo, yabelana, nokukhusela amalungu abalulekileyo. Ezi ziquka ithambo, intlala, izicwili ezinezikhondo.

A uqhagamshelo esiqingqiweyo amathambo: Imizekelo

Ukuthetha malunga uxhulumaniso esiqingqiweyo amathambo, kufuneka uyeke kwi synostosis ukuba wabumba syndesmoses kunye synchondrosises kunye nobudala. Kulo mzekelo, inyama nokuqina okanye intlala phakathi amathambo ezinye similise ithambo.

Ngoko ke, amathambo umbhinqo zangasese - ngumzekelo indlela mathambo zinonxibelelwano ezisisigxina. Baya kwenza into ngendlela kweselwa, amalungu nokukhusela ukuxhasa osesiswini. Lo mbhinqo ungakwazi ukumelana imithwalo emikhulu kwisisu nyonga gangqa kakhulu emagxeni, ngoko uzinzile kakhulu ngakumbi.

Umzekelo, i-coccyx libunjwa 3-5 omqolo ongeyona ukuba ihlanganiswa ubudala thambo enye ngunxantathu. Omnye umzekelo synostosis ezivelileyo beentanda yene okanye fontanel usana. Le synostosis nokomzimba.

Kodwa ezinye izigulo kwamathambo ithambo isixhobo hayi kuphela ijwabu intlala kwenzeke, kodwa amanye amalungu. Le synostosis yezifo. Movement kwi kwamathambo ezinjalo engekho ngokwemvelo.