Zomfana: Imisebenzi, isakhiwo. Iintshukumo ngokuzithandela ilawulwa zomfana?

Movement amalungu kweqondo lwenziwa Bulelani umsebenzi izihlunu ibekwe phezu kwabo. Ziqulethe kwimicu ezizodwa amalungiselelo iintsika. Umzimba womntu malunga 400 izihlunu, leyo phantsi kwempembelelo neemvakalelo kwenkqubo luvo bayakwazi ukutshintsha indawo emzimbeni.

Iintlobo esiqwini kwezihlunu

Movement akunakwenzeka ngaphandle inxaxheba izihlunu. Ubunzima bubonke umcu kumzimba omdala ekummandla ka-30-40%. Kwiintsana kuzalwa, ukuba malunga ne-20% kubantu abadala - liye lancitshiswa 25-30%. Kodwa ukuba kukho umntu, nokuba ubudala imbeko ihlala isebenza, ubunzima izihlunu ayenziwanga lifinyele, uhlala kwinqanaba elifanayo.

Iingcali ukuchonga amaqela izihlunu ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yabo, umsebenzi, kwicala imicu. Xa indawo ukwahlula ezi ntlobo izihlunu:

- ubuso (ibekwe phantsi kwesikhumba);

- obukhulu;

- lateral;

- medial;

- ngaphandle;

- yangaphakathi.

Imilo ingcali ezahlula yokuluka, isikwere,, setyhula, izihlunu iribhoni-like ntathu. Ngokutsho inani iintloko zinokuba kabini-headed, esineendidi kunye quadriceps. Kuxhomekeka kwicala imiqadi ukuba semipenniform, dvuperistymi okanye mnogoperistymi.

Kwakhona umahluko imisipha Function. Abanye ukubonelela imilenze rasgibanie, abanye - ukugobeka. Ngokwahlukeneyo bodwa rotator-podnimateli, constrictor (sphincter), lo walivala ithende kunye ebangela izihlunu.

Umzekelo, i-brachial izo- kwezihlunu inxulumene izihlunu emide. It iqhotyoshelwe kule ithambo, nto leyo azisebenzisele, nezibaya iingalo ingqiniba yakhe.

zomfana zamagxa

Zomfana umsipha esandleni ibhekisela izihlunu phambi qela. Le ukwakweli phambi ihumerus. Le fusiform kwemisipha elide lineentloko ezimbini. Enye ubude, kwaye eyesibini - mfutshane. Baya kuhamba ngapha nangapha, behamba ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Kwinqanaba phakathi emagxeni, ukuba udityanisiwe kwi ifomu veretenopodobnoy esiswini.

Intloko elide zomfana brachii kwezihlunu asuka ngohlobo imicu ajikelezayo iincakuba udonga epiarticular. Udlula nomlenze edibeneyo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Ngaphakathi kokuba khotsho esingxotyeni imicu synovia. Kunye nakummandla ophumayo emagxeni ebanjwe kwi emqeleni intertubercular. Apho ke ligutyungelwe sinovalnym ikuku intertubercular.

intloko Mfutshane asuka kwindawo enye klyukovidno-igxalaba izihlunu, kwi phezulu inkqubo klyukovidnogo. Kunye, nanzo lidibane embindini ihumerus. Ngoko zomfana, onikezelwa igazi ukusuka axilla wabumba ulnar akananto ezisezantsi neziphezulu izibophelelo, brachial kunye nemithambo ebabusisakha, abuye.

Ekupheleni kufike imicu ye izo-, leyo uya inxalenye ekhenketha kwirediyasi. Inguqu evela inwebu kwezihlunu imicu udlula ngqo phezu ezidityanelweyo engqinibeni, okanye kufutshane nayo. Le ngongoma attachment i bag imicu dvuglavoluchevaya. Ukususela icala layo cipande-medial yindawo ebanzi, obhityileyo aponeurosis ashinyeneyo. Waziwa ngokuba ifascia Pirogov. Front babugubungela fovea ulnar. Oku aponeurosis ogubungela kwi ifascia zengalo.

Treglavaya imisipha

Kunye kumphezulu elingasemva ihumerus lo umsipha esibonelela ingalo ukwandiswa ingqiniba yakhe. Kuye simise yokuluka. Le zomfana kunye esineendidi izihlunu ahluka nje kuphela kodwa kwakhona yi isakhiwo. Le esineendidi lineentloko amathathu: ubude, medial kunye lateral. Eyokuqala iqala kwi iincakuba ndulana subarticular ngokohlobo imicu ahanjiswa zamafu. Kudla elidityaniswe kuyo imicu ye latissimus dorsi. Muscle isisu intloko igqitha phakathi izihlunu setyhula (ezincinane nezinkulu) kwaye ubonakalisa ukuba inxalenye phakathi ihumerus.

intloko lateral eyayigqunywe deltoid esineendidi kwezihlunu. Oku kuvela emva kokuba ihumerus. Ze kube ndihle medially ukuze bagubungele emqeleni ye-luvo iphiramidi.

intloko Medial yeyona imfutshane amathathu anikezelwa. Iqala eqokelelwe iinyanda izihlunu ngasemva kule ihumerus. inxalenye ebonakalayo lateral yayo entloko. Phakathi kwabo kunye nomlenze groove i-luvo-dystrophy channel iphiramidi.

Inxalenye phakathi kumphezulu ngasemva emagxeni, omathathu ngentloko oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwaye zenze esiswini. It kukho imicu elingqingqwa, encamathele inkqubo ekhethekileyo ulna.

Flexion nokwandiswa kwi engqinibeni kwe zengalo ukunika nje izo- kunye esineendidi kwezihlunu. Kwakhona ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo kunye lomthwalo izihlunu, ebizwa ngokuba brachialis.

kwemilenze

Ukusuka ngasemva iqela ngomva kwezihlunu yifemur. Oku kuquka i-headed ezimbini, izihlunu semitendinosus kunye semimembranous. Bonke uqale kuloo ndawo tuberosity ischial. Baqala ke ukuba yokugubungela ezinkulu gluteal kwezihlunu.

Kulo mzekelo, ukuba izihlunu semitendinosus kwaye semimembranosus afumaneka medially, uthathe indawo osisi ezimbini-intloko. Le zomfana femoral waneka yonke ubude yifemur, oko ngokumila yokuluka. Yena ezikufutshane womlenze izihlunu vastus lateralis. Udonga lateral Ulobumba fossa popliteal zomfana femoral. umsebenzi waso uyakwazi ukwenza ngenxa isakhiwo ezikhethekileyo eqwalasele kwenye ithambo.

Kuthathela iintloko ezimbini - elide mfutshane kunye. Ekuqaleni lokuqala kwezi a imicu mfutshane zamafu. Le ibekwe phezu komhlaba sacroiliac nemisipha bugornoy kunye tuberosity ischial. Umsipha ayikho ngokungqongqo ezantsi kwaye obliquely kwicala lateral. Isiphelo ezantsi ngayo encamathele lesiquluba.

Intloko emfutshane le femoris zomfana iqala ukusuka kumphezulu emva yifemur. Ungqameko olungezantsi eziphelweni zaso bembande ithambo (lesiquluba).

Zombini ezi iintloko sinxulumene kwindawo umda phakathi amazantsi nesiphakathi yifemur. Beya imicu omnye. Sidlule ukusuka ngasemva idolo. imicu Wathi iqhotyoshelwe kule lesiquluba (intloko yakhe) kunye inxalenye olungaphandle condyle osecaleni enxulumene lesiquluba. Ngokupheleleyo liqine zayinxalenye ifascia lesiquluba.

umsebenzi of the zomfana

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi unokwenza izihlunu, ukuba zahlulwe ukugoba kunye extensors. Oku kuchasene iqela okhoyo izihlunu ezibonelela intshukumo ye imilenze. Izihlunu flexor iphambili kwi ingalo eliphezulu le zomfana.

lenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

- uyagoba ingalo uyibhekise;

- kuvumela ngaphandle ukujikeleza brush;

- abahluza ngengalo ingqiniba.

Le flexor iphambili umlenze eliphezulu le femoris zomfana.

zomfana unyawo Umsebenzi:

- ukwandiswa kunye adduction womlenze;

- eqondisa lo buti emva nokujikeleza;

- ukugobeka ngomlenze ngedolo asezantsi;

- lwaba kwicala olungaphandle umzantsi womlenze, igotywe idolo;

- ubambe eseleyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba neengxaki izo-, ezifana nokusilela amandla okanye bhetyebhetye ikhokelela uzakubuyela iintlungu, idolo iingxaki edibeneyo, ukuma kakuhle.

Ukwandiswa kweqondo eliphezulu inikezelwa kwimisebenzi esineendidi ezintathu, nto leyo ibekwe ecaleni ihumerus. Le zomfana kunye esineendidi nezihlunu uzichaza okanye uzibhale kunye okanye poperemeno. Intshukumo imilenze kwi edolweni ikhuthaza umsebenzi ezinxityelelanisiweyo le izo- kunye quadriceps izihlunu.

ezinyaweni extensor

Umsipha inkulu emzimbeni womntu le quadriceps. Oku ukwakweli phambi womlenze, kwaye inikeza ikhono ukuqondisa omzimba esezantsi kummandla edolweni. Uphinde noxanduva hip flexion - indlela yale indawo yomlenze ukuya esiswini.

Quadriceps iqulathe iintsika ezine. Ngamnye kubo umsipha eye igama layo. Ngokwahlukeneyo, iingcali bahlule ngqo, ububanzi laterialnuyu, medial kunye nezihlunu eliphakathi.

Bonke bephela zincamathele patella. Kodwa ngamnye kubo iimpawu zabo. Umzekelo, i-uxanduva nqo hip flexion kunye nokwandiswa entlanganweni idolo. Kodwa phakathi ulwandiso medial kwaye osisi ezifunekayo ukuze ithole.

basafunda

Bekuya kufuneka ukuba ukugoba okanye ukuqondisa kwesebe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle isenzo yamxhel'omnye izihlunu. iintshukumo Voluntary zomfana kulawulwa umnqonqo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yeenkqubo drive ngolu kunye elekhtrons, nto leyo yandisa apha emqolo. Imisipha unoxanduva flexion kunye nokwandiswa omzimba, ukuze ngaxeshanye ube ukwimeko sikhululekile. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, ngelo xesha xa ingalo ejinga khaphu- ecaleni umzimba.

Ukunciphisa ukuba kuvela umsebenzi luvo umnqonqo intshukumo. inkqubo nokuphumla unxulunyaniswa inhibition iiseli ze-luvo. Ukuba umntu lowo kwengalo yasekunene eyolukileyo ephethe le dumbbell, ngoko ngelo xesha kuya kusebenza le izo- kunye esineendidi izihlunu.

Xa kokufumana neemvakalelo-luvo, izihlunu ufumana umyalelo, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo lokuphumla eqala okanye nengxabano kwezihlunu. Nangona ekunciphiseni ichaphazela ithambo, ukuba iqhotyoshelwe apha lempumelelo.

imisipha ukusebenza isimiso

Ukunciphisa naliphi iqela kwezihlunu ngumsebenzi apho amandla iyafuneka. imveliso yayo yemvelaphi unako ukhutshwe ngexesha nokubola kunye namachibi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo organic. Izihlunu portages basebenzisa ithuba ioksijini ziphantsi ngayo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali. Isiphumo intsebenziswano enjalo ke kuphuma amandla. Oku kukhatshwa lokusekwa imveliso cleavage - icarbon dioxide namanzi.

Xa uxinezeleko kakhulu kwi izihlunu iqala inkqubo endalo ukudinwa. Oku sikhatshwa ukuhla ngabakwenzayo. Emva kokuphumla wonke abuyiselwe.

Kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba xa enesingqi exercise ukudinwa uhlela kamva. Ngapha koko, xa ekhefu phakathi izishunqulelo yexesha izihlunu lokuphumla yaye inxalenye kuphila. Kodwa yokusebenza kuchaphazela ngobunzulu umthwalo. I aphezulu oko kukuthi, i-fatigue ngokukhawuleza uza kuza.

CNS Imisebenzi

Ukwenza oku okanye intshukumo, indoda ayibonisi. Wenza konke ngokuzenzekelayo. Noko ke, ngamnye isenzo injini luvo yinkqubo engelula, nto leyo ukusebenza kuyimfuneko ukubandakanya amanqanaba alo ahlukeneyo. Zonke iintshukumo esebenzayo zilawulwa yi ebuchotsheni. Zibizwa ngokuzithandela okanye abazi.

Phambi ekuqaleni imisipha, lo neuron lamajelo ezizodwa kufumana ulwazi malunga nemeko imicu ezimanyeneyo kunye kwezihlunu. Sihlola indlela bakulungele ukulayisha. Ngoko ke, asimele sinokuthi intshukumo yintliziyo izo- zilawulwa kuphela umnqonqo. Emva eqweqweni ilawulwa yi ngamandla, efanayo kunye nexesha ngamnye amanxeba.

Amaziko Motor ibekwe inxalenye ngokungqalileyo ukuba uthinte ebuchotsheni. Kungenxa kule cipande uhlanganise yonke imiyalezo. Emva koko kukho ukuyilwa imodeli intshukumo elizayo.

Ukuze nokuncipha ngokuzithandela izihlunu kwenzeke, i pulses kwasekwa kwinxalenye cortical lobuchopho, kufuneka zifike izihlunu efanelekileyo. Yokuba ngendlela ekhethekileyo ukuba iingcali ekuthiwa cortico-dystrophy. iintshukumo ngokuzithandela zomfana imisipha zilawulwa yi-luvo engundoqo neuropathy. Eyokuqala ezi imizimba iiseli pyramidal kunye axons. Okwesibini - yeyona iiseli umnqonqo.

Luvo uqhagamshele ngumonzakalo zobuchopho onoxanduva intshukumo, amacandelo ezikhethekileyo umnqonqo kunye isiqu ebuchotsheni. Eli bhotwe lonke ibizwa ngokuba inkqubo iphiramidi.

neengxaki

Oku kwenzeka xa abathile yinxalenye cortico-dystrophy indlela abachaphazelekayo. Kulo mzekelo, izihlunu musani ukumamkela uphawu evela neuron. iintshukumo zabo ngokuzithandela izakungenzeki.

Ngokomzekelo, xa kukho umonakalo ubuso akanakho ukusebenza ukufuna kubetheleleke ngokupheleleyo. Kuxhomekeka iingxaki ndawo egulayo kwenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. umonakalo Partial ngokuqhelekileyo kuphumela paresis.

Xa zokulimala nentshukumo olithandayo le izo- nazo kulawulwa ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuwa kunxibelelwano banokuchaphazeleka, zinciphise amandla kunye namandla kwesibeleko. Iingxaki isenokuba engundoqo okanye peripheral, kuxhomekeka ukuba zeziphi luvo ziyachaphazeleka.

Uviwo kwezi zigulane kufuneka silumke. Ngexesha lentlanganiso kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukugcina nje kuphela indlela umsebenzi iimoto, kodwa ukukhangela ubukho yoma kwezihlunu. Kwaye khangela ukuba kukho Isifuba deformation umqolo nokuba twitching omhle izihlunu akhoyo.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba akusoloko nje ngenxa yeengxaki kunye cortico-dystrophy intshukumo ngokuba nzima. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo ezimbi articular, Kukwaphula ubuzaza proprioceptive ukuze bayeke zomfana ukusebenza. imisebenzi awuyi kwenziwa ngokupheleleyo yaye xa kukho umkrwelo kwi esihlunwini. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukujonga unobangela, ngenxa leyo yaba nzima imisipha. Ukuze ezi njongo, ukuhlola indlela sigulane asikwazi ukwenza iintshukumo esebenzayo ngqo, ukuvavanya ingqondo yakhe.