ZMZ-513: iimpawu zobugcisa, iifoto kunye nohlolo

Zavolzhye Injini Plant waqalisa ukusebenza kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. ngo-1950 ngenxa yentengiso, kwacaca ukuba imfuno kuyinto engekho. I-injini akazange ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zale mihla ukuba ufakelo izithuthi ezinkulu ezinamavili yaye kulandelelwa. ulawulo Plant wagqiba ukuphuhlisa uluhlu iinjini ukulungiselela ushishino ngomatshini. Oko kwaba intuthuko ngokwenene. Ngapha koko, yaba lixesha lokuqala kwakukho V ezimilise iisilinda ehlabathini. Makhe sihlolisise le uyilo lokuqala features ZMZ-513, motor neempawu zobugcisa, ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Overview

Ukudala i Zavolzhsky Plant injini ezimilise V- umlambo imiyalelo design behambe. Akumangalisi oku, kuba iinjini liyi iimpawu ezigqwesileyo zobugcisa kunye namandla. Injini nge 195 enjini nesithandwa nge-3 ngesantya-automatic. Kulo mzekelo, iyunithi amandla malunga idizili kunye amafutha nepetroli, nto leyo elula kakhulu.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi ukuba iinjini ZMZ-513 baba izilwanyana ezithandwayo. Le yenye ithandwa kakhulu yaye bafuna-emva injini zasekhaya, leyo kude ngexesha lakalokunje umiselwe kweyahlukileyo izixhobo ezinzima. Makhe baqhelane imodeli 513th, elo ingqalelo enye impumelelo enkulu kakhulu ngexesha layo.

Yila features ZMZ-513

Kwezinye mveliso, iimfuno ezizodwa kwisithuthi umnqamlezo-lizwe. Kulapha kule meko imodeli esekwe ZMZ-513. Le ngeemoto obekwe kwi iimoto ezifana GAS-53, 66, 3307 et al. Ngoko ke, le ndlela kumlungele na ubuchule-avareji umthamo umthwalo. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo into yokuba 513th wayengafezekanga. Yena waba isiphako pretty ebalulekileyo wanikela kwiinkathazo ezininzi ngexesha lomsebenzi. Isibakala sokuba enomgangatho omnye inani untuned eziphindaphindiweyo Kwabonelelwa kuyilo. Le isisombululo engineering iye yakhokelela ekubeni ngexesha nokusebenza kwemali pulsation unit amandla kwakhiwa. Oku, echaphazela ngokungalunganga umgangatho umxube amafutha-moya.

Ukucacisa ZMZ-513

Okokuqala, yintoni na le abayili - lo ukuveliswa ifom ipani ekhethekileyo uvikele usebenzisa izixhobo zombane. Kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise injini kwiindawo ngqwabalala. Amaninzi, ZMZ-513 wasetyenziswa izithuthi zomkhosi, oomatshini kwezolimo kunye nezigadla ezincinane.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ezimbalwa ngaphezulu, le uyilo injini ilula, kodwa uthembeke kakhulu. Le V8, ilitha volume 4.25, kwi-3 400 neziphithiphithi / ngcaciso uvelisa malunga 97 kW, engasebenzisi iqashiso. Kuba ezo amaxesha ukuba iyunithi enamandla kakhulu - iilitha 125. a. Kakade ke, iinjini mihla yokuvutha kwangaphakathi bakhwelela kude phambili. Ngoku Ukusenga ngaphandle 1.5 imiqulu amahashe 300 nangaphezulu. Ucinezelo ratio - 8.5, leyo kuthiwa umgangatho, kodwa ukusetyenziswa oyile ngoko nangoko iyamangalisa. Ukuba zibalwe ngokutsha njengepesenti zepetroli, kungcono ninikane iiyunithi malunga 0.5. Nangona isibakala sokuba eli injini enye yokugqibela, leyo zaveliswa eSoviet Union, namhlanje yena ethandwayo.

zintswelo motor kwesakhiwo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ezimbalwa ngentla, ukuba iyunithi mbane oluthembakeleyo kakhulu, nto leyo yenzelwe ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Kodwa kuneengxaki zawo, nto leyo akholisa ukubakho ngexesha esibi. Umzekelo, ukuba imoto lufakwa kwi-engile, ngoko ukuqala injini iya kuba nzima. Kufuneka rhoqo podgazovyvat. Phezu caba akukho ngxaki. Ukuze uqale kubanda - ukuba isengumceli mngeni. Ukuba motor starter wafumanana neentango, kwaye injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi iqale, ngoko emva kokuba isibini lemizuzwana, yena zokuthengisela. Iduma kwiimeko ezinjalo iyahlozinga kakhulu. Ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba isantya injini, njengoko oku kukhokelela yomqhaphu kumbhobho zeemoto kunye nokwandisa amafutha.

rhoqo unobangela tyala kwi iinjini ZMZ-511/513 ukho isigcawu. akhande yayo nomoya. Isiphakamiso apha kuphela mnye - indawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo emva koko zonke zinyamalale, kwaye iyunithi amandla uqalisa ukusebenza ngathi clockwork.

Ukuthembeka ngendlela elula

nje iindlela ezimbalwa unako ukufikelela iqondo eliphezulu kukuthembeka:

• asebenzise izakhi yomgangatho elungileyo;
• ukuba lula isakhiwo motor;
• ukuphucula umgangatho ibandla.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi eSoviet Union? iinkcukacha eziphambili zaba olusemgangathweni. Kodwa ubunzima kakhulu kwi kufanelekile. iinjineli Soviet bazama ukwenza umgangatho ubuninzi ku motor yayo ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki.

Njengesiseko injini block aluminium ingxubevange yasetyenziswa. Ekubeni injini ezimilise V-, iye ezimbini intloko isilinda kunye ukuwa degrees 90. camshaft enye kuphela enikwe kuyilo. Ngoko nangoko phakathi iintloko abayili mna ndiyibekileyo ngezilingo otyiwa. Yaqala kwakhona isiBeki, icebo lokucoca kunye nezinye iinkqubo abancedisayo. Impompo oyile oma ngasemva ZMZ, phambi - emanzini (pump). Le generator kunye Impompo asebenza kugqithelwe drive V-ibhanti ukusuka crankshaft.

Crankshaft kunye piston

Njengoko njengesiseko crankshaft ductile intsimbi iye yasetyenziswa, leyo Ukongezelela doped kunye wemagniziyam. Nokufika kwezinye iinguqulelo ze-injini iijenali crankshaft ayenza lukhuni. Crankpins sangqa-60 mm, kwaye ingcambu - 70 mm. Ngako oko, uphawu oyile ezimbini yanikezwa isakhiwo, omnye ngaphambili, ngasemva crankshaft yesibini. Eyokuqala yenziwe irabha, samopodzhimnogo uhlobo, okwesibini - ukusuka asbestos intambo.

Pistons 513 ZMZ-uphoswe aluminium ingxubevange. Abasakwazi elula kuyilo yayo, abe ezantsi flat. Ubukhulu be piston 92 mm, kwaye 5 nobukhulu ukulungiswa enikiweyo. Ngoko ke, lo injini ibe otkapitalit amaxesha amaninzi. Ngomhla piston iye vee ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: ezimbini phantsi amakhonkco ucinezelo, omnye - ize.

inkqubo amafutha ukuthambisa ajikeleze

Xa imodeli yokuqala yale ngoluhlu iinjini efakiweyo carburettors K-126, nto leyo ngenxa ukusebenza ephantsi zitshintshelwe K-135. Abanini abaninzi imoto ukuba nokuphucula ukufakelwa motor ngokoqoqosho ngakumbi inkqubo isibaso. Carburetors kusetyenziswa gumbi ezimbini, ukususela isilinda ngamnye kumagumbi ahlukeneyo kubonelelwa isibaso. Xa endhawini yo filter entle ibekwe.

Zixhonywe enye injini block okanye pump oyile uhlobo izixhobo piece-mbini. Azikhethekanga ikhuselekileyo, kodwa yokusebenza eyaneleyo kunye maintainability. Impompo iqhutywa intshukumo camshaft, kwaye ukufakwa kwe-oyile sump receiver afanele oyile esetyenzisiweyo. Njengoko yokuhluza ioli engine. Ke ukuba ixesha lonke nokusebenza injini, siye wasebenzisa ezahlukahlukeneyo izihluzi. Okokuqala, wabeka lokucoca centrifugal kunye ngokupheleleyo-flow, kwaye kungoku nje sebenzisa i element filter elisusekayo, kananjalo kube lula kakhulu nenzuzo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kulo injini inkqubo esebenzayo zokuzikhusela yindlala oyile. Ukuba impompo imile, ngoko ndinqumle isikhonkwane kwi drive yakhe, ngokulandelelana, yonke injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi wayeka kwaye wahlala lomelele.

Uhlaziya abaqhubi kunye neengcali

Ngokumalunga kuthethwa abaqhubi abanamava, into ngale injini, abaninzi besamkela kakuhle. Ngokukodwa, phawula elula injini yokutsha zangaphakathi lwezibonelelo yayo kunokuba phezulu kunye ulondolozo olufanelekileyo kunye nokhathalelo efanelekileyo. ZMZ-513 amaxesha amaninzi uprated ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zomkhosi. ucinezelo eliguqukayo ukuba usebenzise kwamafutha kunye octane eliphantsi. Konke oku kubonisa ikhono elikhulu eSoviet V-ezimile ezisibhozo.

Abaqhubi abaninzi bathi le injini ayikho ngaphandle iziphako. Kodwa yena yogcino kakhulu. Ngoko zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko, le ngxaki ingasombululwa entsimini phezu kwamadolo. Kunye injini mihla, elinoxanduva zonke elektroniki, le ndlela ayisebenzi. Ngokubanzi, 13 phakathi abaqhubi uthando abaninzi namhlanje isetyenziswa ngenxa yeendleko zogcino eliphantsi.

A kabanzi kuyilo

Namhlanje, ivame efakwe injector. ZMZ-513 kunye nenkqubo amafutha uba noloqoqosho ngakumbi kwaye bezinzile. Ukuba isiBeki kwiqondo eliphezulu elwandle kwakhokelela ipetroli okubila nobushushu yenkqubo amafutha, i injectors kufuneka ngxaki angekhoyo.

Ekubeni resource ekuqaleni kangako yaye, nangona kuba ixesha elininzi ngokwaneleyo, abaqhubi beemoto ezininzi etshintshiweyo motor. Ukuze wenze oku, sithatha inxalenye ZMZ efanayo, kuphela emva kokulungiswa. Inkcitho enjalo zongenelelo kufuneka zivavanywe njenge kuncendile epheleleyo, kodwa ICE resource yonyuke malunga nama-35%. Ngoko ke, imali echithwa emva ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo.

ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo nangenyameko

Nayiphi injini idinga ulungiso olukhulu ngamaxesha athile izicwangciso. Kodwa ukuba umsebenzi ezicwangcisiweyo yobugcisa kufuneka kwenziwa yonke km 20,000, ngokuxhomekeke iyunithi amandla, ngoko xa kufika ixesha kapitalki, kuxhomekeke umqhubi. Ukuze nkulu ubomi motor kuyacetyiswa:

• ixesha ukutshintsha ioli kwinkqubo kunye nokuhlola umgangatho walo;
• ixesha lokuhlola inkqubo okupholisa ukunqanda nobushushu;
• zama ukuwonakalisa mnene 513th.

Konke oku kuya kunceda wandise ubomi motor eziliqela. Kakade ke, asimele ngaphandle kunokwenzeka ubuthathaka uyilo kunye iziphene zemveliso. Konke oku kwenzeka, kodwa kaninzi ngaphezu 13 aphume ukuze ngenxa yokungabikho ulondolozo olufanelekileyo. Tshintsha amafutha, i-oyile kunye filter umoya asisiso nzima kangaka. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, esi senzo elula kuya kuphucula izikhombisi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa amafutha.

isiphelo

Nanamhlanje, ngokufuthi wabeka ZMZ-513 UAZ. Ngapha koko, ukuba ubungakanani encane kunye elektroniki ezincinci. Ukungabikho phantse ngokupheleleyo yokugqibela kwenza kube lula kwaye tye ukuba agcine, nkqu motorman abo basandula kuqalisa. Le motor ufanelwe udumo eliphezulu phakathi ziingcali ezininzi zasekhaya. Yinto Ayimangalisi, nanamhlanje ukuvelisa iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi aguqulwe kancincane kancinane. Oku ubuncinane ibonisa onokubanceda ngazo. Emva kokuba yonke iprojekthi uyazi akuphumelelanga, akukho namnye uya kuphuhlisa.

Ngaxeshanye kufuneka siqonde rhoqo ukuba umgangatho components emakhaya, kunye nezahlulo ezifana Pistons, iibhloko kunye nangaphezulu, amagqabi kangako. Ngoko ke, ezinye iindawo zithengwa kbavelisi amazwe. Oku ngakumbi iphucula umgangatho indibano kunye injini nokuthembeka. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo automated mihla idlala indima enkulu.

Ngokubanzi, i-ZMZ-513 injini, iimpawu esifunde ngazo bafanelwe ingqalelo. Ukuba usebenza isityalo amandla ngokuchanekileyo, musa ukudlula imithwalo avumelekile, uyigcine imimiselo zenkqubo yenkonzo, ngoko ke uya kukhonza ngokuthembeka ixesha elide. Xa kufika ixesha xa ufuna ukulungiswa ezinkulu, akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngaloo nto. Iinxalenye malini kule meko kungenakwenzeka ukuba abe phezu-15 amawaka engange.