Zingaphi iinqaba Moscow yesicelo: inkcazo uluhlu nembali

Esi sakhiwo indala e Moscow, incwadi yesicelo ngoku lwentando kwikomkhulu Russian. Le ndlela ibonwa abahlali zethu ngexesha kunye nabatyeleli - ngowona msebenzi weengcibi kunye nabayili bezakhiwo Kwiinkulungwane-5. Ekubeni waqalisa elizayo, ikomkhulu Russian xa Yury Dolgoruky kwi yokuhlala ibala kuMlambo eMoscow wayalela ukuba ukwakha inqaba. Usekhona ngokugqibeleleyo, kwaye Muscovites mihla bayazi kakuhle ukuba zingaphi iinqaba le yesicelo, kunye nabakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke ukuba babubone ubungangamsha bayo.

Imbali kunye nenkcazelo le Moscow yesicelo

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ukwakha eMoscow tsars Russian wamema labazobi best Italian ukwandisa nokomeleza inqaba yayo, leyo delineates emdeni ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo 20 "vezh" yayakhiwe kulo - ukuba zingaphi iinqaba incwadi yesicelo.

Imbali wayo nje kuphela, kodwa igama kodwa ezimbini, nganye kuzo abantu wabiza - ongenagama. I yesicelo waqala ukwakha jikelele yokuhlala Vyatichi phakathi kwinkulungwane XII. Ngoko ke, ngo-1156, i-850 iimitha zokuqala izakhiwo Uyalwa kwakhiwa. Kuba phantse ikhulu leminyaka inqaba wamiswa, kodwa satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo Mongols ngo-1238

Emva ukubuyiselwa yayo 1264 kunye neenkosana eMoscow wenza zokuhlala kwabo, yaye ngo-1339 waba inqaba yayo yokuqala, kodwa ezenziwe ngokhuni. Kuphela ebudeni bolawulo nguDmitry Donskoy ngo-1366 iindonga ngomthi neenqaba zatshintshwa ilitye elimhlophe, apho lembiwa elingekude eMoscow. Kwavela kulo igama laloo mzi - "ilitye elimhlophe".

Indlela iinqaba ezininzi yesicelo ngelo xesha ayaziwa njengoko ngoko kutshabalala, ke yakhiwa. Oku kwaqala ngokutsha phantsi Ivan III. Oku kwenziwa yinto yokuba ilitye local umhlophe mifutshane, waqala ukuwa, kodwa jonga mihla le nqaba waqalisa benaso 1485. Ngaloo mihla, ukuba iinqaba ezininzi Moscow yesicelo kuye, bonke bendigobele phantsi iindonga ngokutsha sakhiwe ngezitena.

Ifom yokugqibela inqaba ezifunyenwe ngo-1516, lo gama isakhiwo sayo lwangaphakathi ezihlala ziguquka. KwiNqaba Moscow yesicelo (uluhlu ngezantsi), kunye iindonga unxantathu ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Le fom ngayo ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokulawula Ivan III. Yaba nguye lowo sasicacisa imida inqaba. Uluhlu ezinde yesicelo:

1. Spassky.
2. Vodovzvodnaya.
3. Borovitskaya.
4. Izikhali.
5. Ngqwayi.
6. Nikolskaya.
7. Emnye.
8. Kutafya.
9. Tsar.
10. Samenza.
11. Arsenal Phakathi.
12. Corner Arsenal.
13. Beklemishevskaya.
14. Nabatnaya.
15. UConstantine noHelen.
16. Nameless kuqala.
17. Nameless yesibini.
18. Peter.
19. Taynitskaya.
20. Annunciation.

Yesicelo Tower (inkcazo ngamnye ngokwahlukeneyo ngezantsi), kwakunye neendonga, ugcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo, ngokungafaniyo nezakhiwo zangaphakathi. Umonakalo inkulu kwenziwa ukuba ibandla yamandulo kwi Stalin ngexesha.

Taynitskaya tower kunye Borovitskie nesango nqaba

Zingaphi iinqaba wenza i Moscow yesicelo, njengoko waba amabali. Ngokomzekelo, Taynitskaya kwathiwa igama ngenxa kuwo uMlambo eMoscow wakhokela mthethweni kwimeko yinqaba okanye kuhlaselwa kwenzeka zokungqinga elide.

ukuphakama kwayo - 38.4 m, xa kwakukho isango ukuba kamva bricked phezulu. Kuye ke wokuqala kwakhiwa kwinguqulelo izitena ngo-1485 phantsi kolwalathiso wezakhiwo Anton Fryazino.

Zingaphi iinqaba le yesicelo, kodwa-3 kuphela kubo bonke abangeenxa, kwaye abanye babe imilo square. Loo Borovitskaya isakhiwo ende isikwere, ethwele endaweni asinde. Le ibekwe phezu kwenduli aphezulu Moscow, ngoko xa "yokukhula" 54,05 m ngokucacileyo ubonakale kude.

izinto ezinomdla: ezakhiwe inkosi Italian Pietro solari ngo-1490, nantsi ingqibo kakumkani kuthiwa Baptist Tower ukususela 1658, ekuthiwa ezikufuphi Church Ioanna Predtechi kunye icon kwegama elifanayo, ekhwele ngasentla kwesango layo.

Moskvoretskaya, Annunciation ne Vodovzvodnaya Tower

Beklemishevskaya, okanye njengoko ngoku kuthiwa, Moskvoretskaya Tower wathweswa icala langasezantsi-mpuma yesicelo. Esi sakhiwo ngeenxa kunye eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo emxinwa kwakhiwa ngumzobi Italian Marco Ruffo ngo-1488.

igama layo, lo Inqaba ngenxa eyadini osecaleni Boyar Beklemisheva. Xa Vasily III kule ndawo waba entolongweni ngenxa usathandwa kunye nokumkani izinduna. Ngelo xesha, kwaba kubaluleke kakhulu qhinga, njengoko kubekwe ekudibaneni loMlambo eMoscow kunye nomjelo ukuzithethelela, ngoko kuza kuqala phantsi ngomlilo.

Ziyo cylinder tile ubude mashikuli 46.2 m (kwakuxhomekeke slits nkqo ukuze ke kudutyulwe utshaba) ejikelezwe yi ariya yokulwa. Ngale ndlela yena wema ukuya 1680, xa ezihonjiswe ezisibhozo wakhomba kunye intente elimxinwa. Ngoko kubonakala namhlanje. igama layo elitsha ukuba kukho ibekwe kufuphi Moscow River kwebhulorho.

inqaba Annunciation ithiywe emva icon ngokungummangaliso, nto leyo zigcinwe kuyo. Kamva wakha ibandla ukuba icon; kodwa igama ezintendeni.

Vodovzvodnaya Tower i ikona kwaye ngoko ebizwa ngokuba xa kwakukho umatshini sokumpompa amanzi omlambo, eyihlangula ngemibhobho abakhokelayo kwibhotwe lokumkani incwadi yesicelo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17, imoto wachithwa yaye bafudukela eSt Petersburg ngesixhobo imithombo. Ende yi 61,45 m.

Izikrweqe nenqaba kwingqwayi

Xa inqaba Izikrweqe wema elunxwemeni Neglinka, kodwa ke umlambo "imibuzo ethungelanayo" angena kumbhojana phantsi komhlaba. igama lakhe unyanzelekile isakhiwo eyakhelwe ecaleni Izikrweqe, apho kanye ibekwe izixhobo kunye noomasifundisane jewellery. Ngoku ke imyuziyam, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba yomkhosi nezacholo nezinto ezizodwa yamandulo. 32,65 m ubude besakhiwo.

inqaba kwingqwayi kwakhiwa 1495, kodwa wafumana igama layo ngoku kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa kwingqwayi-ngqwayi nqaba bafudukela kufuphi Fun Palace.

Emnye, Kutafya no Peter Tower

, Phantse bonke wakha Zingaphi iinqaba ye yesicelo ngokutsha yesandla seengcibi Italian kwi ngenkulungwane ye-15. Ukuba zintathu wakha Aloisio da Karezano kwiminyaka 1495-1499. Yeyona isakhiwo mde incwadi yesicelo. ukuphakama kwayo 80 m kunye ne spire ngokumnika inkwenkwezi. igama lakhe liye lafumana ukuba ukwakhiwa ezikufuphi Emnye Church.

Interesting Eneneni: ngaxa lithile le isakhiwo igama eyahlukileyo, umzekelo Rizopolozhensky, umqeqeshi okanye Znamenskaya de-1658, alukhange lufumane igama layo ngoku. Kanye eziqinileyo yakhe enemigangatho emibini yintolongo. De 1935, spire yayo jize ukhozi yobukumkani, owathatha inkwenkwezi isardiyo ukuya isikhumbuzo revolution.

Kutafya Tower umi ekuqaleni i-Bridge Troitsky kwaye ayifani nezinye izakhiwo yesicelo. Yeyona usezantsi (18 m), ukuhlamba kunye ebanzi, ngoko njengokubizwe kakuhle. Kutafia eRashiya, uXola abafazi zamafu hulking.

Ukususela songqamano, ukusuka kwindawo qhinga lwembono, waye udonga esemazantsi yesicelo, yakhiwa apho injengenqaba olongezelelweyo. elide Kuye kwaba ngagama, kodwa ke wanamathela igama uPetros Church ezikufuphi Metropolitan Peter.

Middle and Corner Arsenal Tower

Middle Arsenal Tower (1493-1495 gg.) Yazuza igama layo ukusuka kwakhiwa ecaleni izikrweqe zakhe. Yena uya Alexander Garden.

Igama Corner Arsenal Tower uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Yena rounded ukuma kwaye idume kakuhle wayo, nto leyo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-500. Oku kubekwe isiseko kwesakhiwo kwaye nangoku ezaliswe ngamanzi ecocekileyo ukusuka kumlambo komhlaba.

Nicholas, Yeengwevu ne Spasskaya Tower

Zingaphi iinqaba incwadi yesicelo, yaye phantse zonke kubo amagama ezinxulumene kwiicawa ezikufutshane. Ngoko uNicholas phakathi kwabo. Esi sakhiwo uhambo mayixhotyiswe elivulekayo phezu okwabangela nemivalo, leyo ngamaxesha ingozi kwehliswa, ukuze iintshaba musa ukuba kudlule. Kungenxa Minin wakhe Pozharsky wee gwiqi kunye nomkhosi wakhe waza wabakhulula isixeko kongenelelo Polish-Lithuanian.

Wamadoda Tower (1491) ifumaneka emva yamangcwaba V. I. Lenina kunye ogama lakhe behlonipha kwisakhiwo yeeNgwevu, ibekwe emva kodonga yesicelo.

Spassky ithawa yakhiwe kwisayithi kwamasango yangaphambili eziyintloko yesicelo. Ukuwela icon koMsindisi sele ifakiwe, kunye nomnyango ngokwayo zokuhlangana uhlanga olungcwele, faka Kwathi ngeenyawo engenasigqubuthelo entloko, uyayihlaza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu ukuba buzinzile Clock odumileyo Astronomical.

Ezinye ezinde yesicelo

inqaba lokuQala nakoLwesibini engenagama waba ngokubaluleka qhinga kuphela, umzekelo omnye wabo yaba nomgqomo ngomgubo.

Nabatnaya Tower eneneni mayixhotyiswe intsimbi kunye iqonga ukubukela apho abatoli besemsebenzini. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 xa yokukhalisa ezintsimbi avusa uqhushululu kweso sixeko, yaye xa wafakwa phantsi, ngoko Ububahluba "ngumtyholwa" yolwimi. Yaye kuxhonywe intsimbi cwaka, de wathunyelwa myuziyam.

Royal ayikho inyango, ekubeni nje umenzi wokongeza i-intente, apho uIvan Grozny wayethanda ukuza kukhangela umzi.

UConstantine noHelen Tower kwakhona ogama lakhe behlonipha kwebandla. Kwakhiwa 1490 kwaye idume kuba kaloku abazukulwana amajoni ayo Russian waya emfazweni, ezifana nguDmitry Donskoy kunye nomkhosi.

Yiloo ndlela iinqaba ezininzi ayivathise Moscow yesicelo namhlanje.