Izityalo zasentlango okungaqhelekanga: Calligonum. Inkcazelo, sebenzisa

Buckwheat - ngumntwana entlango. Ukhula kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu kwaye ulophu emhlabeni, ngexesha ilondoloza imbonakalo eliphezulu zokuhombisa, iintyatyambo eqaqambileyo elimnandi kunye neziqhamo emangalisayo. Kwiinkcubeko zemveli, eye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, njengoko ngamanye amaxesha phantse indawo enkulu yezityalo.

Plant Calligonum: Inkcazo

Phantsi igama elinikiweyo na uhlobo zidibene branched ityholwana ongatshiyo kusapho Polygonaceae. Yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini, luhlanganisa la magama "zintle" kwaye "Embi", nto leyo eneneni ibonakalisa imbonakalo kwisityalo. Abantu calligonum wafumana inani lamagama, kuquka amaziko, umsi, iinkuni sorrel (ngenxa ihlume incasa) tursuk kunye nabanye.

Ubungakanani ityholo yahluka kwi uluhlu imitha 0.4 ukuya ku-7, kuxhomekeka kwindawo lokukhula. Ngenxa yoko, kufutshane komhlaba ezinye iintlobo kukhula kwetyholo kwemithi okanye multi-lwasuka.

Eso sityalo luninzi eyayizalwa openwork isithsaba. Isiqu kunye namasebe nangaphezulu ekugqibeleni babe egosogoso, Namagatya jiko, elide, isakhiwo ezigoba, umbala - ezingwevu-eluhlaza, phantse akukho amagqabi. ngeendlela ezininzi lifana kuhlobo izityalo zasentlango.

Calligonum uvelisa Amahlumelo ngonyaka, neyophahla ukusuka axils amasebe enemithi, njengoko besiwa phantse afe ngokupheleleyo. Kushiya zokuqhubela, acicular okanye subulate, yomgama, 3-7 mm ubude, isiseko wabo amplexicaul socket, ukuwa ekuqaleni.

Kufuneka kubekho isityalo eyomeleleyo inkqubo ingcambu ahambelanayo. Kuba buckwheat na uhlobo zangaphandle yesiphene. iingcambu lateral ngokuthe tye ilahlwe kwazozonke ukuya kwi-20 m ubude ne-30 ubunzulu, ukuba ukunika ngokwabo ngamanzi.

lokudubula buckwheat

Isityalo iyakhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kwiminyaka 5-6, sele ifikelele ubungakanani bayo eliphezulu, uphawu lweentlobo. Xa abaneminyaka efanayo, Nani linganisani i ityholwana lokudubula kweentyatyambo entlango kuqala.

Nice ukubona ekhangeleka ngathi Calligonum ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo (phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kuka April). ityholwana Tall, phantse akukho uhlaza, ligqunywe iindidi lube mhlophe, ezipinki (ngamanye amaxesha kunye namona purple) okanye iintyatyambo eluhlaza. Zinelungelo livumba eqaqambileyo, axillary, ifomu echanekileyo, ulala. Emva kokuba kusungulwe ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini amaqanda kweentyatyambo, ekupheleni kuka May - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, iziqhamo baqala ukwakha. inkqubo Vegtatsii ngokwayo iqala kwisiqingatha sesibini March.

fruiting

Iziqhamo buckwheat na nut ngqo okanye ephothiweyo ukuba pericarp esiqinileyo. Eyona lisahlulayo ukuba kukho ezinamaphiko, okanye enye seta usypany branched okanye elula. Bona amaxesha amaninzi ixesha elide ngaphezu nut. izixhobo ezinjalo ezininzi izityalo zasentlango. Calligonum kule meko oluya ngokunjalo imbewu ezifakwe njengentlabathi, ngokulula theka umoya phezu imigama emide kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ekuntshuleni enemithi, iqokobhe akulunganga kakhulu, kodwa ubuchule ukuze zintshule lihlala linjalo iminyaka 5-9.

Ummandla yokukhula

Amalungu Calligonum sodidi luphawulwa ukumelana ezizodwa kunye nesakhono ukuze baphile kwiimeko isigwebo. Idla ngokuba iintlobo kuphela izityalo ephakamileyo, ezikhula ezinkqantosini ilanga-yokuba zingenangcambu zoma kwaphela. Ummandla lokukhula likhulu; ukusuka kwi Sahara Desert (North Afrika) ukuya Alashan kunye Ordos e China. uhlobo olubanzi, abangaphezu 150 eRashiya ifumaneka Western eSiberia.

Calligonum (ezichazwe apha) iziva kakuhle kwisanti efunxa bokulala ukuya kwinqanaba enekona kunye nezinye iimeko ezinzima. Noko ke, ibe ikwayise iso intlwayelelo kuneqabaka, xa amaqondo obushushu 2-5 ° C Namagatya intsha iqala zome uze ujike emnyama.

iintlobo buckwheat

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, a sodidi ebanzi luquka iintlobo zezityalo ezingaphezu 150 kwamatyholo imbonakalo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo. Misa ingqalelo yakho kuphela kwezinye, kuquka ezikhula eRashiya.

• Calligonum treelike - ityholwana kunye iingcambu zikhula kakuhle, ukuya kutsho ku 3-3.5 m ubude. Omnye isityalo yokuqala, leyo esisigxina phezu kwentlabathi eziguquguqukayo, ngoko isetyenziselwa ukomeleza umhlaba. It has iipropati aphezulu zokuhombisa kwaye esetyenziswa Soliters, izityalo iqela emiphethweni ukudala ngothango okanye bands zokuzikhusela.
• Calligonum itshazile - ityholwana ukuya ku m 2 iingcambu elide tyaba (ukuya m 12) ubude kunye, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo isityalo pochvozakreplyayuschee. Sikhula udongwe, imihlaba enesanti, solonetz, imihlaba saline kwezinye iintlobo. ERashiya, eyafunyanwa ngasezantsi engezansi iVolga, neCaucasus kunye Transcaucasia. It isetyenziswa ngokubanzi (ukutya, zibe kukudla, njengoko isondlo izilwanyana) kubemi bomthonyama emathafeni.
• Calligonum phezulu. Lo mthi ephantsi (ukuya kwiimitha 7) kunye isiqu ngomzimba, sithsaba ityholo inqabe okanye branched kancinane. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuba izityalo Calligonum intlango kuquka kunokuba zokuhombisa. Olu hlobo umntu amaxolo enkulu emhlophe kunye neentyatyambo.
• Calligonum "Intloko Medusa." - ityholwana ngokukhawuleza-ekukhuliseni branched kakhulu ukuya ku-2 m eyona engaqhelekanga onke amalungu sodidi, ukuba unalo ezimibalabala kwaye esimnandi, isithelo ebomvu okanye oluhlaza a sisityebi. Used in izityalo kwiqela, tapeworm, thango.

Ukusetyenziswa kwabantu

elide sele kudlule izityalo ezixabisekileyo eyintlango corsac kunye calligonum. Amahlumelo abaselula abantu yokugqibela bomthonyama Kalmykia zisetyenziswa ucimayo unxano, kodwa neziqu kwi amasebe imibhobho zenziwa kunye izitya.

Ngakumbi kwaye indima nokubaluleka kwazo kwezoqoqosho. Amahlumelo abaselula kunye neziqhamo, ezo incasa mpawu ezimuncu, bakhonza njengoko aphe iinkamela kunye neegusha. Ngenxa isiseko ukutya esisityebi kunene, ixabiso le mveliso kakhulu eliphezulu. abameli Treelike ye sodidi zisetyenziswa iinkuni, ngokunjalo ukulungiselela ukwenziwa yezandla kunye zezikhumbozo. Ezinye izityalo zasentlango (Calligonum ingakumbi) kufuneka ukukwazi ngakumbi ehlala, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo ngenxa uzinziso lomhlaba kwaye njengoko isityalo zokuhomba.