Zhelyabov Andrei Ivanovich: engobomi, iifoto, iimbono

Nakule ubunqolobi Russian yeyona ngoyena abadumileyo Andrey Ivanovich Zhelyabov ukuba ezinye nenzondelelo revolution - V. I. Lenin - kuthelekiswa Garibaldi kunye Robespierre. Ekuqondeni injongo omkhulu Zhelyabova oko wayekwazi ukuba ukuthethelela nayiphi na indlela esetyenziswayo ukufikelela kuyo. Yiyo le njongo yayikukuba yena noogxa bakhe 'uyolo lwabantu' ukuba zazimela ezingacacanga ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa apho bezisezilungile, ngaphandle kokuthandabuza, ukuba baphalaze yabo, negazi abanye '.

serf umfundi

terrorist elizayo kwaqashwa wazalwa ngo-1851 kwintsapho kwilali ngamakhoboka Nikolayevka Tauride kwiphondo. Zokukwazi ukufunda nokubhala noAndreya omncinane wafunda utatomkhulu wakhe Gavril Kalashnikov kunye incwadi yakhe yokuqala INdu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko inkolelo ethandwayo ukuba abaqeshisi feudal baba nabaxhaphazi namfesane ngokupheleleyo, umnini wayo wayeyindoda nje kuphela enobuntu a malunga kubalimi abo, kodwa lweli yemfundo karhulumente. Ngowe-1860, yena bendisa iindleko Zhelyabova isifundo wakhe oneminyaka eli-anesithoba esikolweni Kerch.

Fumana umhlaba Utopia

Ngenxa engqondweni ukwazi kunye nonyamezelo umona uAndreya waphumelela kulo 1869 kunye imbasa yesilivere kunye nyaka waba ngumfundi uMthetho Faculty of Novorossiysk University e Odessa. Emva kweminyaka yesikolo Zhelyabov wayeqhelene iingcamango yotshintsho olululo zehlabathi zibe nempembelelo enamandla. emva kokufunda Chernyshevsky "Yintoni?", The twist yokugqibela engqondweni yakhe Which kwasekwa iinkolelo zayo eceleni. I wabhala ngayo yena Zhelyabov.

Andrey, ifoto apho linikwa kwi nqaku, kamva wakhumbula ukuba phakathi abahlobo bakhe iminyaka bakhe umfundi, ndafuna ukuba ulungise ihlabathi, wayekho ibinzana njengefashoni kuloo minyaka - ". Imbali ihamba ngokucotha kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba amsunduze" Push yaqala xa kuvela ithuba, ingakumbi ekubeni akazange athandabuze ukuba zazise ngokwam. ukunganeliseki jikelele esiba iimbono angqingqwa omnye wootitshala - UNjingalwazi Valtazar Bogišić kunye Zhelyabov badlulela xandzukela aqhuba ngayo umfundi wakhe. Yena ngenkankulu watyhala eli bali, kodwa washiya iYunivesithi bagxothwa kakubi.

umyeni uxakekile

Ngaphezu koko, njengoko kwintshayelelo: "Andifuni ukufunda, ufuna ukutshata." Isiphetho kanye apho kwakukuhle. I owayengumfundi, ezixineneyo amabhongo, kodwa akazange abe umphefumlo idenariyo, intombi ukuyinyathela of sugar osisityebi Yakhnenko - amashishini umnini kwiphondo Kherson. Ngowe-1872, lo mtshato kwenzeka, yaye kungekudala wazalwa noAndreya kumazibulo awo - indlalifa ukuba utatomkhulu wakhe esasiphezu ezukileyo igama olululo kayise.

Ukuba usisizalwane indoda esisityebi ohloniphekileyo ezinjalo, Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich lwakhawuleza wabuyiselwa kule yunivesithi, apho wayefunda ukuba esingaphantsi konyaka - nje ngokwaneleyo kwi-Directorate waba amandla ukuyenza umsebenzi kwezentlalo, zibangelwa zonke iingcamango ezifanayo yotshintsho olululo. Emva kokuba kutsalwe enye washiya umfazi wakhe, "zwabha ikhethe yongxowankulu" kwaye musa ukwabelana iimbono zakhe, waya eKiev.

Ukuqala kwemisebenzi kwesayensi

Kukho Zhelyabov simisela ngokunxulumene abalweli zasekuhlaleni, ingakumbi iinkokeli ukuba ngelo xesha umbutho semi-yomthetho "Community." Hi ndlela leyi, ukuze lihlawulwe: ngenxa yokulahlekelwa nosapho lwakhe, akazange azame ukuthatha imali-in-mthetho kobokuqala, yaye wazuza ukuziphilisa ngokunika izifundo zabucala.

Kungekudala lixesha kufika, apho elide uwenjenje ukuwulungisa ngokwakhe Zhelyabov. Andrey waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe mbuso, wabuyela ngo-1873 ukuya Odessa, apho waba lilungu kwesazinge Narodniks, elikhokelwa V. F. Volkovskim. Apha lokubandakanyeka ze phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye zizifundiswa. Abantu abaninzi bafumana ithuba lokuphulaphula Andrei Ivanovich ngaloo minyaka, waphawula ubugagu bakhe obuqaqambileyo, leyo, kudityaniswe charm lobuqu luncedo ukufumana abaphulaphuli Zhelyabov.

Wokubopha 'ukuya ebantwini "

Kungekudala umsebenzi wakhe advocacy baphela kokubanjwa, kodwa kuphuma entolongweni, wakhululwa ngebheyile. Kweli thuba ukususela 1875 ukuya 1877 Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich uba lilungu odumileyo 'ukuya ebantwini ", xa amalungu abaselula amaqela revolution athunyelwa kwiidolophana ukuba baqhube imisebenzi zokufikelela phakathi abalimi kwiinzame bebafundisa ukuba nzima ngenxa amalungelo zabo zentlalo.

Aphinde ambambe. Ngowe-1877, iqela elikhulu abaphembeleli populists, phakathi kwabo kwakukho Zhelyabov, wavela phambi kwenkundla e St. Petersburg, leyo yenye abamangalelwa wangena imbali "Inkqubo ikhulu, anamanci asithoba-amathathu." Nditsho lokuvalelwa yaphambi kwetyala, wadibana nabo kwixesha elizayo baba nabo eminhlanganweni abanqolobi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Nozipho Perovskaya.

Ukudalwa "Narodnaya Volya"

Isiphetho kanye eli xesha ukuba Zhelyabov inkxaso - yena engenalo. Xa kwakhululwa yena, waya Podolia, apho uqhubekeko ubuxoki phakathi abalimi. Noko ke, kungekudala kakhulu kwacaca ngamampunge zonke iintlobo ezifana omzabalazo, yaye uza kwisigqibo sokuba ubunqolobi njengoko ndlela kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuphumeza le njongo.

Ngehlobo lowe-1879 e Lipetsk Congress wadlula umbutho wotshitsho "Land and Freedom", nto leyo yaba lilungu Zhelyabov. Andrei Ivanovich ngomnye wabo nimqumbisa bohlukene phakathi abaxhasi indlela enoxolo ngayo utshintsho kwezopolitiko kunye radicals, owabona ithemba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubundlobongela. Ngenxa yoko, baye bahlukaniswa kwiqela engundoqo, ngokudala umfelandawonye yakho, eyaziwa ngokuba "Abantu xa Ukuthanda". Zhelyabov waba ngomnye wamalungu kakhulu esebenzayo.

Phantsi lonke ubume babasebenzi balo wadalwa ubunkokheli ngqo, olu sapho lwaluquka kwiindawo ezininzi, kuquka umsebenzi, umfundi kunye emkhosini. Xa imiyalelo bakhe ukuba benze inqwaba lokubulala kwamagosa yasebukhosini kwezikhundla ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona liphuhlise inkqubo yokusebenza ibonelela ukuba kutshatyalaliswe lobuzwilakhe, kokubizwa kwindibano wabavoti woluntu, ukutshintshwa komhlaba abalimi kunye nokusekwa inkululeko zentlalo. Hi ndlela leyi, ngokutsho amaxwebhu yombutho, ekuthatheni amandla iyafuneka kuphela yokudluliswa abantu bayo. Kodwa ke abo kwi imin efanayo - engacacanga.

Ukuzingelwa * uKhesare

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, ogama engobomi uhlobene ngokusondeleyo intshukumo Russian olululo, waba yintloko yemini yokulungiselela eziliqela nzame * uKhesare Alexander II, lowo silwe iqela okhokelwa ngayo kwintlanganiso yayo ngo-1879 wagwetywa intambo.

Eyokuqala kwezi iinzame ukujongela phantsi uloliwe wobukhosi indlela esuka eKharkov eMoscow. Zhelyabov phantsi igama elingelilo baqesha indlu kufutshane emthondweni zikaloliwe kufutshane nedolophu Alesandire buqu kuqhutywa umsele sokunikela emigodini. Ngelo xesha kuphela ngengozi wasindisa ubomi soMhlekazi - Ngokufutha kwenzeka xa ukwakhiwa yayo phezu kwindawo eyingozi.

Ukubulawa wokumkani - umqondiso ukuqala revolution

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wayecebe ukubulawa ezisibhozo amaxesha ukumkani, nokuqiniseka ukuba kubulawe akhe aya kuba yokuqhumisa zoqhankqalazo loluntu bukhosi. Xa kugqajukelwa ngomdla wade uza ukuya kwiphondo Samara ukuba akhokele kwimvukelo umlimi apho. Yena nomququzeleli ezingundoqo ubulalayo kuyo lokubulawa Alexander II xa esenziwa ngoMatshi 13 (New Style) eSt Petersburg ngomhla eweni le Griboyedov Canal. Zonke izinto eziphuhliswe ngokwakhe Zhelyabov abagrogrisi.

Andrey Ivanovich ngokwakhe akazange athathe inxaxheba kuyo, kuba kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba ngempazamo wabanjwa kwenye yezindlu ekhuselekileyo. Ulawulo ngqo a abagrogrisi wenziwe wakhe umfazi eqhelekileyo-mthetho Nozipho Perovskaya - intombi irhuluneli St. Petersburg enye ababelwa zinamandla ngokuchasene lobuzwilakhe. Emva wabanjwa yena, Zhelyabov ifuna ukuba urhulumente wakhe wathabatha iqela lomculo lokubulawa.

Xa ixesha nokubuza lokuvalelwa, yayigcinwe kwi Trubetskoy ngokuqinileyo inqaba. Enkundleni, wala igqwetha aze wasebenzisa intetho yakhe ukuba bammise phambi uluntu inkqubo "Ukuthanda Abantu kaThixo". Ngokutsho isigwebo, Zhelyabov kunye nezinye abagrogrisi ababexhonyiwe kwi bake Square Petersburg. Qaphela ukuba oku elubala yokugqibela eRashiya.

Le Ukumiselwa lamangqina revolution ubuso

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane lwapapashwa kwelinye kwisithuba sonyaka emva kokubulawa kwakhe, yaba umzekelo ephefumlelweyo abalweli ezininzi ezilandelayo. Oku lula, ngokukodwa, yaye ukufundiswa yayo ngokubanzi eyapapashwa eSt Petersburg ngo-1906-1907. magazini "I mandulo."

Izinto zokwakha wejenali waba isiseko umsebenzi uphando ngembali ezininzi Soviet, leyo, phakathi kwezinye amalungu "Narodnaya Volya" nomdla ikakhulu Zhelyabov. Andrey, iimbono zakhe nenkcubeko yamaBolshevik ideology kwixesha yiSoviet, ithabathe indawo zewonga oothixo lamangqina kunye Amaqhawe revolution.

Kule banesifo, oko izicwangciso ukudala lesikhumbuzo wamazwi Zhelyabov eyenziwa phantsi zeprojekthi nomkroli Korolev. Baba sisincoko multi-mfanekiso, apho eqingqiweyo kumakhoboka, Ndiyabukrazula chain efakwe kunye nomfanekiso-imitha ezine revolution. Ngokuba lesikhumbuzo eyayicwangciselwe ukuba ukudala useko ezihonjiswe BAS-imikrolo ezintandathu kwimixholo kwimbali olululo kunye nombhalo "Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich (1851-1881)." Of iinkcukacha sele lwenziwe, kodwa umsebenzi wayeka, yaye qhubekani ihlaziywe.