ZeziFundo kunye nomsebenzi bulumko

Ngaphambi kokuba kumbuzo eyenza umgaqo isifundo-bulumko nje inzululwazi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba enyanisweni into enjalo. Ngaphandle nokuqonda le ndlela kwenkcazo mbandela ifilosofi nganto, kuba ububanzi umdla yezenzululwazi kwisakhelo yolwazi bulumko kuyinto mda. Esinye isizathu sokuba le ndlela kukuba phambi kokuba ucinge into, kufuneka ube nomfanekiso ocacileyo yenjongosenzi ulwazi lwenzululwazi.

Into nayiphi na inzululwazi, kulandela ukusuka kwikota ngokwayo, usoloko injongo, oko kukuthi, ukuba kwakhe ayixhomekekanga ngumnqweno okanye akukhethayo ngumphandi ethile - ngokuxhomekeke ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana izahlulelo ngenxa yobubanzi wentsimi kwisifundo intanda yokuqonda kunye nenjongosenzi zifana ncam. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela onjalo kufuneka kuqaphele ukuba balala emqokozweni, ngenxa yokuba ngenxa yale ububanzi umdla lwenzululwazi kule isayensi ifiphale, kuba akuqinisekwanga.

Ngokusekelwe ngquzulwano zembali ulwazi neengcinga bulumko, intanda-isifundo bangacela kuqwalaselwa inyaniso yonke njongo, inyaniso yokomoya nezentlalo apho umntu, kubandakanywa le ndoda ngokwayo.

Mu kuya kwa nshita into, into yonke inzululwazi usoloko luluvo, oko kukuthi, ubukho wayo esingeneleiwe ngumdla lwenzululwazi kwisifundo yolwazi - abaphandi. Ukhetha yeyiphi yinxalenye yento (yinyani) kukuba kuye umdla zenzululwazi ke, enyanisweni, uMenzi umbandela yenzululwazi. Ngokumalunga ulwazi yentanda, ngokuxhomekeke inzululwazi umiselwa yi isakhiwo inzululwazi, imiyalelo yawo, imikhwa, iimfundiso kunye neengcamango. Oku, ngasendleleni, livela enye yemithetho zeentanda-bulumko - ngokunxulumene dialectical zesifundo zophando kunye nesakhiwo ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Ifomu elula kakhulu ngokubanzi yenjongosenzi kunye nomsebenzi bulumko singachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

Njengoko isihloko wayo ukubonisa imithetho ezininzi jikelele nesisekelo iintlobo ubukho kweencwadi kunye nehlabathi zokomoya, kwakunye nemifanekiso yazo explicable, ratsionaliziruemye lokuqonda koluntu.

Ngokwembali kwasekwa iintsingiselo bulumko ziye zabangela ethile indawo kwisifundo ngaphakathi mkhuba ngasinye. Umzekelo, ukuba existentialists, ukusuka Heidegger omkhulu babekholelwa ukuba into kunye nomsebenzi ifilosofi ukwazi intsingiselo ngamnye - ubukho, leyo umi ukugwetyelwa lwesemantiki kuphela umntu, njengokuba hlobo, kodwa yonke into esiyibonayo. Ngokutsho indlela eyahlukileyo kule mba positivists. Nkqu Ogyust akhawunti yesiseko wayesithi ukuba into kunye nomsebenzi bulumko kufuneka wabumba neemfuno zoluntu, ukuchaza ukuqulunqa imithetho kunye notyekelo yobukho bomntu. Oku kwangaphambili ngenxa yokuba Comte ingqalelo kungekuphela nje umseki yesikolo zeentanda-bulumko positivism, kodwa umseki yokuhlalisana ngenzululwazi. Kodwa ukusukela Karl Popper definition positivist oko isifundo kunye nomsebenzi bulumko, ziye zatshintsha kakhulu. Apha sibona lenguqu ukuya uhlahlelo umfanekiso lesayensi, iveliswa khona kunye neenqobo eziphambili methodological kolu hlahlelo - umgaqo verifiability wokwazi zincediswe -siseko ukuguqula.

Ngenxa kokuxhomekeka odibanisa ingqiqo into, isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi bulumko, ukujonga umsebenzi wayo ube kuphela kwifom ngokobubanzi bayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziquka:

• methodological, oko kukuthi, ukuba bulumko iphuhlisa oomatshini ulwazi kwaye inikeza iindlela zayo jikelele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo obenziwa ngabantu;
• ubuxoki zenzululwazi jikelele into yokuba lo sikhokelo yolwazi bulumko le ngcamango ezisisiseko kunye neendidi ezisetyenziswa ulwazi;
• umsebenzi social ibandakanya ingqalelo oluntu ngaphakathi sikhokelo ulwazi yentanda njenge ingqibelelo eyodwa;
• zomthetho nezolawulo, iqulathe kwi yokuba i bulumko luphuhlisa umbandela umsebenzi elijongene kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo yobukho bomntu;
• inqubo, uthethela ngokwayo, ithi iqinisekise ukuyilwa iindlela zokucinga kunye nokuziphatha zisekelwe kuphela kwizikhokelo ithiyori kunye nemithetho.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokuvumelana noluhlu awunakunqamla uluhlu lwe imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-bulumko ngayo ubomi bethu. Ke zingasasazwa phezulu, kwaye unako ukuqulunqa entsha, abalulekile ngaphantsi, kodwa yomnqophiso yi inkqubo zembali.

Philosophy yesayensi, intloko yayo kunye nemisebenzi ukujonga ngqo ulwakhiwo lolwazi bulumko, nayo nto leyo imfundiso kwaye sanda kunye nokwanda leefekthi zoluntu ezintsha zenzululwazi. Ukongeza, uphuhliso bulumko, ekhatshwa utshintsho okuthe ekugxilwe umdla yezenzululwazi ezinye iingxaki, ukuze sikwazi ukubona isenzeko uyeza imiba ethile eyahlukeneyo bulumko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Lo mkhuba uyabonakala nefuthe ngqo kwi ngokuqulethwe uluhlu lwemiba ukuba umbandela bulumko nje inzululwazi.