Yokuthengisa amaqebengwana Donuts. namafetshu anesiraphu American: iresiphi

Yokuthengisa amaqebengwana Donuts - Classic American iimveliso intlama elithozamisayo, kudala ukususela babe yinxalenye yenkcubeko pop eli lizwe. Homer Simpson ubumnandi utya bagels aluhlaza, kwakunye namapolisa ndidikwe emsebenzini iifilimu ezininzi odumileyo. Kwaye ngoku baqalisa kuvela ukutya emakhaya fast and confectionery. Yintoni na - na namafetshu anesiraphu American nendlela ukubalungiselela kweemeko zethu?

A incinane

Makhe siqale igama umdla. It livela IsiNgesi ilizwi intlama - intlama kunye nut - nut. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngaphambili namafetshu anesiraphu American Donuts bengazange ekwimo walifaka, kwaye ngokohlobo ibhola.

Sisihlandlo sokuqala sweets ezinjalo kuba phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, kwaye babe wasuswa eDenmark ukuya eUnited States. Waye igama lakhe - olykoeks - izicumba ioli.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba shape America zayo womqholi zemigrayo kamnandi, okroqiweyo kwindawo fryer nzulu, wafumana elinye igama - intlama nut. Kwaye phambi kokuba iphekwe hayi eolini kunye lard de brown segolide. dish umdla wanamathela kwaye iye yaphinda yathandwa ibonwe. Namhlanje ezi kuvela namafetshu anesiraphu? Khawube nomfanekiso kodini ziqhelekileyo:

Noko ke, zikho nezinye iintlelo ukubonakala kwegama. Mhlawumbi ukudlala ngamagama - ibinzana ntlama amaqhina - amaqhina zemigrayo, sho phantse ofana "Donuts" kwaye inokuba kokudluliselwa inyanda efanayo ifomu igama. Okanye mhlawumbi nut ilizwi - nut, awusebenzi kwimbonakalo, kwaye iye isetyenziswe ngenxa phakathi walifaka kwethumba oko embi, yaye wawuzaliswe amandongomane okanye amaqunube, okt ukuzaliswa, nto leyo akuyomfuneko unyango ubushushu ngenyameko ...

Yeyiphi ifomu ilungile?

Yaye ibhola omnye-sifuba, kwaye ekwimo walifaka - bobabini babe igama elifanayo - yokuthengisa amaqebengwana Donuts. I ukhetho lokuqala - omdala kwaye kulula kakuhle ukulungiselela ekhaya ngokwembali. Ngapha koko, kuyimfuneko lokujikelezisa intlama ibe nut encinane, nto leyo yayinikwe emlonyeni wakhe. Maxa wambi yenziwa kwintsalela ekrwada afunyenwe emva kokuba ibhanti e namafetshu anesiraphu, bagels - musa ukuphosa imveliso.

Lwalo yesibini komphetho zinezibonelelo ezimbini. Le wonke Into yokuqala uthanda - akukho tiko ekrwada, walifaka kwethumba ngokulinganayo macala onke. Eyesibini kubaluleke ngakumbi abo othengisa iilekese. Yokuthengisa amaqebengwana nge umngxuma lula kwaye hygienically elizakuqhobosha phezu intonga waza wayibeka phezu ipleyiti okanye kwiphakheji lomthengi. Le fom kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• yokusonga intlama nesoseji ibe isangqa;
• abenze imingxuma umqhathane ogqityiweyo;
• ukusika ngaxeshanye kuxwebhu intlama achazwe apha ngaphakathi langaphandle ngesixhobo ezizodwa;
• ngokusebenzisa ujikelezo rapid i workpiece apho iyazigqabhuza eliphakathi kwaye ngokwayo yakha imilo zejiyometri ekuthiwa torus - bagel.

Donuts walifaka be ubukhulu ezahlukeneyo kunye nengxolo, inegwele okanye eziqhelekileyo, ngokunjalo nokuvalwa. Kukho imilo ngakumbi non-esezantsi, ezifana isikwere okanye unxantathu.

Indlela ukuhombisa amaqebengwana?

Amaninzi Donuts walifaka wambu confectionery icing. Emva koko, ke ezihonjiswe iswekile engumgubo, amandongomane ya, otshiza yokuhombisa ngeemilo nemibala eyahlukeneyo, nesinamon emhlabeni. Amaxesha amaninzi, inxalenye ephezulu uzele itshokolethi okanye njengeceba elinombala. Nalo kubonakala zokutshiza olumnandi pine ikhokhonathi kunye irayisi. Imivumbo okanye neepateni itshokolethi ezimhlophe okanye ezimnyama, jonga mnandi kakhulu. Ngoko ke ngokukhuselekileyo ukusebenzisa ukucamanga kwabo okupheka nokuphonononga iindlela ezintsha izacholo ezintle.

Donuts Simple Donuts. Iresiphi ukupheka ekhaya

Ngokuqinisekileyo sele unayo umlomo namanzi, ngoko ugqithele kumalungiselelo ale izitya ezingaqhelekanga aphesheya. Ngoko ke, lo uluhlu bako malunga 18 namafetshu anesiraphu:

• ml 35 iviniga emhlophe;
• 100 ml ubisi;
• 30 g imajarini;
• 110 g yeswekile;
• 1 iqanda;
• ½ h. L. vanillin;
• 280 g yomgubo kuhluzwa;
• ½ h. L. soda;
• 1/4 h. L. ityuwa;
• 1 nelitha yamafutha emifuno ethe shinyi;
• 70 g yeswekile olungumgubo.

Indlela yokulungiselela namafetshu anesiraphu ekhaya?

Xuba iviniga ubisi kwaye ime ibe imizuzu embalwa, kude kube uqweqwe.

In naphakathi isitya ibethe imajarini lobushushu igumbi kunye neswekile de egudileyo. Ngobunono kubenze amaqanda kunye vanilla. Anele ndawonye ecolekileyo, nesoda yokubhaka kunye netyuwa. Ngokuthe ngcembe uyifaka umxube wamanzi aneswekile kunye imajarini, ngoxa ngokugalela iviniga ubisi. Axove intlama ndikuqengqe phezu nelitye floured ukuya Ebubanzini 7-8 mm. Ukuba une mgawuli ekhethekileyo namafetshu anesiraphu, ngoko uya kukwazi ukwenza ngokukhawuleza billet. Nantsi elikhangeleka (ifoto ngezantsi).

Ukuba akunjalo - ukuya isangqa engaphandle, indebe ukuya ngaphakathi - Sika entanyeni nayiphi ebhotileni. Makhe baxhontele 10 imizuzu okusilelayo.

Xa enkulu ipani ngembiza nzulu okanye epanini, ukufudumeza namafutha degrees 190 (ukuba akukho ithemometha ikhitshi, ufanele wazi ukuba oyile kufuneka ngamandla ubilise). Qhotsa le namafetshu anesiraphu ukuya brown egudileyo yegolide, musa ukulibala ukuba Tyhila iphepha kanye. Idreyini, wazibeka phezu iitawuli ephepheni. Pritrusite olungumgubo sugar ngoxa eshushu, nikhonze ngoko nangoko.

Ngokuba elihle ekhethekile

Kwaye ngoku ndithi kuni, ukuba wenze njani igwele namafetshu anesiraphu Donuts. Iresiphi nalo ilula, kodwa balungiselela ixesha elide njengoko uvavanyo kufuneka ixesha kuvuka kabini.

Izithako ngamaqhosha 20:

• 100 ml yamanzi ashushu (malunga 40 - 45 degrees);
• 7 g Igwele owomileyo ;
• 150 ml ubisi efudumeleyo;
• 55 g imajarini;
• 45 g yeswekile;
• 5 g yetyuwa (3/4 TSP ..);
• 1 iqanda;
• 415 g yomgubo kuhluzwa;
• iilitha ezi-2 ze-oli yemifuno ethe shinyi;
• 1 bag (2 g) vanillin;
• 105 g yeswekile olungumgubo.

glaze:

• ¾ h. L. sugar;
• 1 icephe amanzi.

amanyathelo zokupheka

Kwaye ngoku khangela ukuba ukwenza njani igwele namafetshu anesiraphu izilwanyana:

1. Galela amanzi ashushu kwindawo isitya encinane, ulifefe kwi igwele kunye iyure-1. L. iswekile. Makhe umxube ukuma de it yakha amagwebu bukhrim on top - imizuzu-10 - 5. Kweli nqanaba ungenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba igwele ulungile, kunye nokubonelela ukuntshula efanelekileyo.
2. Galela ubisi kunye imajarini epanini encinane uze upheke ubushushu medium phezu de imajarini inyibilikiswa kunye nobisi aqalise ukuvelisa amaqamza amancinci ngeenxa emiphethweni. Susa umxube ebushushwini.
3. Afefe iswekile ityuwa isitya, baluphose ubisi imajarini, yagaleleka kunye Umxhubi ngesantya esisezantsi, kuphela ukunyibilikisa iswekile. Mahala kancinane.
4. Yongeza umxube ukusuka kwinyathelo lokuqala, lo asile, iqanda kunye nomgubo. Congress ngomhla ngesantya esisezantsi de egudileyo. Koko ngokuthe ngcembe ukongeza nomgubo eliseleyo ukwenza lentlama ethambileyo.
5. Qhubeka bazibeke imizuzu 2-3. Le ntlama kubangele kufuneka aqale ukugcina up kunye kungqameko kwesitya.
6. Yibeke phezu ibhodi wafefa ngumgubo axove de kube ulalisa elastic.
7. Zithethwa intlama ibe ibhola kunye nendawo kukho isitya esikhulu zithanjiswe, aliselele esikhumbeni sokubhaka. Beka endaweni efudumeleyo nakuvuka. Ekupheleni iiyure 1-1.5 intlama kufuneka lenyuke nge-2 umphinda-.
8. Kwakhona bayibeke phezu ebhodini umgubo nokunabisa ukuya Ebubanzini 1-1.5 cm. Sika namafetshu anesiraphu enobubanzi mgawuli-9 cm, okanye njengoko kuchazwe iresiphi odlulileyo. Makhe preform polezhat inqaku imizuzu engama-40 ukuya kwiyure, baphinda wavuka ukuba umoya kunye anoboya.
9. Ukufudumeza-oli fryer enzulu (ukuba akunjalo, ngoko epanini enkulu) nangokwamanqanaba 175.
10. Ngocoselelo ukwehlisa namafetshu anesiraphu kungena ulwelo eshushu, 2 - 3 iziqwenga ngexesha uze upheke de zinaso umbala ukukhanya yegolide, njalo Wajika kanye, nje ukuba ukupheka malunga nesi-2 nemizuzu.
11. Beka kwi iitawuli iphepha ukususa ioli kwemfuneko.
12. Kwesinye isitya, xuba 1 icephe amanzi ashushu, vanillin kunye neswekile olungumgubo. Faka i maleko ubhityileyo njengeceba kwi namafetshu anesiraphu ezishushu.

Imveliso Industrial of namafetshu anesiraphu

Kakade ke, imveliso ngobuninzi kufuneka ngendlela eyahlukileyo. umatshini Industrial ukuba namafetshu anesiraphu basungula umphambukeli evela Russia Adolph Levitt ngo-1920 ize ingeniswe kwi-World odumileyo i-Fair eChicago ngo-1924. Namafetshu anesiraphu zapapashwa ngokuthi "hit zokupheka yeNkulungwane of Inkqubela" yaye ukususela ngoko ke waqala ukuvela kuyo yonke indawo. wenza njani inkqubo ukupheka namhlanje?

izixhobo oluzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo iquka egumbini nokuxuba nokulungisa intlama, nemilomo kunye umlomo ngenxa ngokwakha indlela yokuthengisa amaqebengwana fryer Ungabuyisela amagwinya kwegridi okupholisa. Kusenokuba ubungakanani ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka iimoto ezincinane ukuya cafes kunye nakwiivenkile khekhe ukuya mveliso ezinkulu zityalo imveliso iilekese kunye namakhekhe. Utshintsho ngokufanelekileyo kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Kukho kwakhona oomatshini ezincinane kakhulu zasekhaya, nto leyo eya kuba luncedo ukuba abalandeli izitya.

wenza njani umatshini ekuveliseni namafetshu anesiraphu

Emva kokuba izithako ukuba intlama zixubene, umlomo ezizodwa extrudes ukusuka amanzi esatsiba xa ngohlobo ringlet - elintlangothi eqhelekileyo egudileyo okanye scalloped, kuxhomekeke kudidi. Billets ke begaxeleke isixovulelo abilayo ioli, uze uqhubeke ibhanti yokuthutha kuyo. Ukuze isitshizi eshushu ithe saa, nemilomo zicwangciswe ubude encinane ngaphezu sisitya zokupheka. indlela gabhu ujikajikana ngamaphiko namafetshu anesiraphu ukuba ngokulinganayo browned macala omabini. Emva koko badlulela emkhusaneni ukupholisa. Ukongezelela, izixhobo kufakelwe izixhobo uvumela ukuba agalele netyuw zokuthengwa, kucocwe Akunakuba kwemfuneko lesitofu nokwenza eminye imisebenzi kuyimfuneko ukuba bavelise iintlobo namafetshu anesiraphu emnandi.