Yintoni uphela? Materials, ubuchwepheshe, imigangatho,

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, abemi belizwe lethu baye bafunda igama elitsha esetyenziswa rhoqo ngokwaneleyo - ". Uphela" Eli gama wanikwa entsha uhlobo ukulungiswa, ngokuqhelekileyo kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Noko ke, ukuba ukulungiswa okunjalo, asazi bonke, kuba kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo ukulungisa eqhelekileyo kwakulula ukuba ukulungelelanisa, uwaqabe eluphahleni-stick ubudala lodonga. Noko ke, ukulungiswa yanamhlanje ifuna unenzondelelo enkulu ngakumbi kunye neendleko. Ngoku phantse nzima ukufumana izindlu ezimbini, banayo ngombala ofanayo langaphakathi.

Le mbono "uphela"

Ukulungiswa - xa uqala kuqala, ukuba kutywinwe iintanda lixhaphakileyo ndawo, kodwa imigangatho ethile, ezifana:

• indawo zokuphuma;
• itshintshela ukuphakama ezichanekileyo;
• iifestile;
• isimbo, izixhobo ezikhethiweyo ngokufanelekileyo.

yokuhlala salungiswa inomsebenzisi ekhethekileyo - umsebenzi yoyilo kwimihla amahasa abemi eSoviet bona babengakwazi imali. Kwakhona, xa kukho umntu uceba ukwenza olu hlobo ukulungiswa, ngoko nangoko kuyimfuneko ukwenza indawo ingcingo, imibhobho kunye teplokommunikatsy. Iindonga, umgangatho kunye nophahla ukuba ezinamathambeka bagqiba izinto kuphela mihla kunokuba imali eninzi. Xa kujoliswe ethile uzinzo songa.

Emva kokuba kulungiswe yonke imisebenzi kwi sakhiwo, okanye naliphi na igumbi uya kukhangela esisityebi kunene, umgangatho ophezulu, ezintle.

umsebenzi design

Nayiphi nokulungiswa kwesicwangciso iqala iinkonzo wengcibi yokuluka elikwinqanaba kwizikhewu zangaphakathi. A umyili olungileyo uyazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni na ukulungiswa, ukwenza indawo yeprojekthi ekunene. Ukwachaphazela nje kuphela inkangeleko indlu, kodwa kwenza ukhetho ngezinto ezifanelekileyo, afaneleka for ukuvuselela. Ngaphezu koko, yingcali kufuneka umthengi icebo entsha yonikezelo lwamanzi, umoya, umbane, amaziko ukhuseleko emlilweni.

ubuchwepheshe bale mihla ukwenzela ukuba umthengi ukuba abone izindlu zabo zihlaziyiwe ngoncedo lweenkqubo ezizodwa computer ukuthenga izinto zokwakha. Oku a plus enkulu kakhulu, njengoko umntu unalo ilungelo lokutshintsha into yokuba nje engamthandi, phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Enkosi computer, umthengi uyakwazi ukunyenyisa imibala gumbi, khetha zefanitshala ngogqibeleleyo ukuze ngaphakathi, uze uzame ngaphandle ukufakwa yayo kwigumbi iinketho ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwezi parameters zixhomekeke kwixesha elizayo kunye nenkqubo umoya, indawo yokuhlala kunye iindawo nezixhobo zokucima nokuvula.

Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba umyili yesiqhelo akazibandakanyi ezinjenge ndawo, bekwi kwiinkampani ezizodwa ukuba abe abasebenzi abasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu. Ngapha koko, ukutshintsha ubeko kwamaziko kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokufumana amaxwebhu ugunyaziso engqina ukuba semthethweni kwesicwangciso loo umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka umsebenzi ngokomakhi yobungcali, kufuneka anike uluvo imeko zobugcisa zendlu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba replan ngaphandle kokunikezela ngesidima sakhiwo.

Yimalini uphela

Ukuze ngokuchanekileyo ukubala iindleko euro-ukukhanda phantse nzima, kuba yonke into ixhomekeke kweminqweno umxhasi, iindleko zokwakha, imeko lokuqala kwizakhiwo kunye nabanye. Noko ke, iingcali kunye iminyaka yamava anganika amaxabiso luqikelelo.

Ukuba gumbi indawo elipheleleyo 40 square metres, iindleko yokulungisa ziya kuba malunga nama-230-260 amawaka engange.

Iindleko kwamaziko euro-ukulungiswa, emi 55 square metres, kuza kubiza kakhulu malunga-50 amawaka engange.

Abanini zokuhlala kunye indawo enkulu (malunga nama-80 m ^2), kufuneka ukuba ahlawule sokuphuculwa 300-380 amawaka engange.

Abanini amagumbi amakhulu kwindawo malunga 155 m ² kuya kufuneka ukuba ahlawule abakhi nama-400-500 amawaka engange.

imigangatho eurorepair

Nabani na uceba ukwenza ntoni kokulungiswa wakhe indlu, kufuneka baqonde ukuba imigangatho ethile. Zonke imiphezulu: iindonga, isilingi, umgangatho - kufuneka zibe mpuluswa ngokupheleleyo kunye. iziphumo enjalo abafezekileyo kunokufikelelwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zale mihla, izixhobo, technologies. Kwaye ukuba wenze lolondolozo iingcali.

Kukho indlela noko elula ukukhangela abasebenzi, nokuba athobele yonke imigangatho ukuvuselela. Kuyimfuneko ukuba umthetho, ubude bawo leemitha ubuncinane ezimbini, uze uliqhoboshele luvavanywa kumphezulu. Ukuba, ngoko, abasebenzi benze yonke njengoko kufuneka libe phakathi le zomphandle kunye ulawulo abana kukuba ubuninzi ngemilimitha ezimbini. Kungenjalo, lo msebenzi kakubi kwenziwa kwaye yafuna engcono kubasebenzi iinkonzo zabo.

Kukho nezinye imigangatho ezichaza oko wokulungisa:

• olu hlobo ukulungiswa akubikho zonke izikhewu kunokwenzeka phakathi udonga kunye ezigudle, trims, moldings kunye nezinye izinto;
• ngelixa ukubeka iithayile kufuneka athobele zonke zobuchwepheshe, yaye seams phakathi kufuneka oxwesileyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye nkqo, amaqhuma awavumelekanga;
• iminyango ezithi zibekwe phakathi amagumbi ibekwe ngqo ngokugqibeleleyo, ukuba ziwase, naphakathi umnyango transoms akukho zikhewu.

Alungisiweyo hruschevke

Zonke Khrushchev ahluka yisayizi encinane. Kodwa oku kufunyanwa kunye linenzuzo - umnini ndawo kuya kufuneka ukuba bathenge izinto ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, lo umyili uya kuba umsebenzi omkhulu ukuze benze umsebenzi omhle ngokwenene egumbini elincinane.

Amaninzi kula makhaya ukwenza utshintsho ezincinane, ukwanda indawo luncedo usebenzisa zocando. Amaxesha amaninzi kudityaniswe ekhitshini nomnye amagumbi. Kwakhona, ngokufuthi ebengenakubakhusela indawo yokulala ukususela lonke igumbi izahlulelo plasterboard encinane.

Le yangasese Kucetyiswa ukuba zifake ishawa, nto leyo kakhulu konga isithuba. Ngaphezu koko, indlu yangasese ngokupheleleyo Khrushchev kunzima ukwazi, oko ungenzi nto, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo ahlambe umntu kunzima. Ngoko ke, ithuba ishawa yeyona ilungileyo.

Ndiqhuba isiphelo eliphezulu yokulungisa European-umgangatho

ukulungiswa Elite yahluke kakhulu kwinto classical ukuba kukho kuphela le mpahla eninzi kunye zokwakha ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Bona azinabungozi ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni womntu. Elite kuquka ngezisombululo ezizodwa uyilo ezenza igumbi lokuhlala ayikho nje elihle ofudumeleyo - iya kuba umsebenzi yokwenene zobugcisa.

Zonke izinto zokwakha olu hlobo balungisa ukuba odola, apha wasebenzisa iifestile ezikhethekileyo nebala iglasi, moldings, iingcango, ukutyabeka yelo xesha, njalo-njalo. Wonke umsebenzi ugqibezela kufuneka kwenziwa ngokugqibeleleyo, akuvumelekanga naziphi na izitenxo uqhekeke, uburhabaxa, njalo njalo. ukulungiswa Elite kubandakanya:

• ulungelelwaniso beendonga ukuya kwinqanaba;
• Uphahla-level multi;
• zonke iintambo amanzi yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo esemgangathweni entsha kwaye ophezulu kakhulu;
• izindlu zangasese zingangenwa laqina;
• ukuseka of zokufudumeza ezizodwa;
• nomsindo ukwahlukanisa;
• iqatha unique;
• imveliso yakha;
• nebala-glass iifestile.

Izinto ukulungisa

Xa enze sokuphuculwa zokuhlala, abahlali kufuneka baqonde ukuba kufuneka uthenge kuphela izinto eziphakamileyo zokwakha esemgangathweni musa ube neempawu amandla elungileyo bayo. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke ekostandartam ayivumelekanga endlwini ezahlukeneyo izinto enokonakalisa impilo yabantu abahlala kule ndawo.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, ukususela phezulu kuye kucace ukuba ukulungiswa kunye noko iimfuno zinikwe kuye. Tshintsha igumbi lakho ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo yaseYurophu kunye bonke abantu, kodwa oko kuya kufuna ukuba ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nemali.