Yintoni na ukuzikhethela. Imbali ukuvela ukuthanda iimfundiso

Yintoni sisiseko yobukho? Loluphi uhlobo amandla angabonakaliyo ebangela ukuba umntu enze izigqibo ezithile? Le mibuzo bazame ukuphendula ngaphezu kwesinye isizukulwana zobulumko kunye izazinzulu, ode ezahlukeneyo zemboniselo. Kweli nqaku omnye siya kuqwalaselwa kwi mbono, ebizwa ukuzikhethela. Eli gama livele kuqala yi-German ngezentlalo F.Tonnisom ngo-1883, kodwa ingqiqo yenziwe kakhulu ngaphambili.

Yintoni na ukuzikhethela? Lo mkhwa yeengcinga bulumko eyaziwa njenge mgaqo uphambili kuyo yonke intando (ukusuka kwisiLatini. Voluntas). Unobangela zehlabathi, ngokutsho voluntaryists, waye ukuthanda kukaThixo, Ngenxa yetyala labo bonke ukuziphatha kwabantu nayo isekelwe kwi intando azilawule. Ezinye abameli oku kuya kuwenze ukuba udidi elimsulwa, amandla lendalo apho kuntshula zonke iinkqubo engqondweni yomntu. Mind ngoku uba kwindawo yesibini, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ukuzikhethela - lilitye lesiseko -bulumko ngqiqweni kwenkulungwane ye-19.

Okokuqala baqulunqe ingcamango ukuzikhethela uRhazes waseRoma Augustine, ababekholelwa ukuba ukuthanda - lo kwakungamandla awayeqhuba ngayo emphefumlweni, ekhuthaza abantu ukuba self-ulwazi, ulawula zonke iintshukumo zethu, iingcinga izicatshulwa kwelingaphantsi sezingqondweni yethu. Lo mqondo kweenkulungwane ezininzi kamva, yaphuhliswa imisebenzi Schopenhauer kunye Nietzsche, kwakunye zobulumko ezininzi kwengqondo le-19 - nasekuqaleni kweyama-20.

Yintoni na ukuzikhethela ka Schopenhauer?

Ngokutsho kwakhe, intando - le yenye iinxalenye zehlabathi, kunye mba, ukuba umzi yobomi. Shopengauėr lichonge amanyathelo uya kumiswa:

1. Attraction.
2. Kwimagnethi.
3. Imichiza - ihlabathi ezingaphiliyo.
4. Eqhutywa ngokuthanda (phambi kuphela abantu).

Absolute myolelo wokuqala lunamandla, athe wabonakala ehlabathini ezingaphiliyo. Emva koko uqalisa ehlabathini ophilileyo, kwaye esizibonakalisa zikhangela ukutya. UNdikhoyo uya kwenza ukwanelisa iimfuno ezintsha asakhasayo, ngokunjalo kwenza kubo. Ekugqibeleni, itsho sobulumko, isiphelo siya kuba lusizi, ngenxa yokuba oovimba kuphela kwaye akunakwenzeka ukwabelana yonke ngokulinganayo. Ukuzibulala - kuyinto nje sisenzo wokumelana ukunganeliseki.

Yintoni na ukuzikhethela Nietzsche?

Enye sobulumko German, ngubani negalelo kuphuhliso ukuthanda mfundiso, waba Friedrich Nietzsche. Xa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, ifuthe ziviwa Schopenhauer, kodwa kamva wafumana nombala ngokungaqhelekanga. Nietzsche wayekholelwa ukuba ukuthanda akukho simanyene, kwaye zavavanywa, into yonke into ephilayo wona, yaye zonke zomhlaba iinkqubo kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa wengxabano izinto - "kuba umyolelo ntoni, bekungayi kubakho intshukumo; Bekuya kuba umlinganiselo imali kwezinye izinto ngokunxulumene kwabanye. " Nietzsche indawo Schopenhauer "uya kuphila" "iya ukuba amandla", yena ucinga ukuqhuba amandla ibalulekileyo ebomini, njengoko apho kwaye kufuneka ukuba baphile - ". Tyhala isiganeko"

Noko ke, ukuzikhethela - inkcazelo hayi ezintweni nje bulumko, ngokufuthi unako ukuviwa, kunye nokuhlolwa komsebenzi yezoqoqosho kwesi sifundo. Izikolo Domestic ukundixelela ukutyhilwa ilandelayo:

ukuzikhethela Economic - ukwenziwa oonyana kwezigqibo ezingenangqondo, ukukhathaza okusingqongileyo kunye yentsingeiselo eninzi yoqoqosho ngokusekelwe ziingcamango nomzuzwana.

Kwaye yintoni ke ukuzikhethela nokumelwa abemmi yavuma? Apha, lo gama umbala entle, ukuba kutyunjwe ngokwentando kwezigqibo abantu, ngaphandle konxinzelelo lwangaphandle.