Ukuhlanganisela uphahla eluphahleni: imiyalelo yokufaka, iimpawu kunye nempendulo

Ukwandiswa kwendlu yangasese ekwakhiwe ukukhulisa isakhiwo, ukudala i- veranda yasehlobo, ukukhusela ngokubandayo, nokuphucula ukubonakala kwendlu. Iyakwazi ukuguqula ngokubanzi ukuyila kwefowade. Ukongezelela, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ukwandise kakhulu indawo yokuhlala echaphazelekayo kunye neendleko ezincinci zemali kunye nabasebenzi. Ngokwesiko kukholwa ukuba isakhiwo esongezelelweyo sifanele senziwe kwizinto ezifana nesakhiwo esikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ukhetho olukhulu lwezixhobo zokwakha, unako ukugqiba ngokuqhelekileyo okanye ukhethe ukufaniswa okuphumelelayo. Izinto eziphathekayo kwiindonga zingabakho izitena, ukhuni, ikhonkritri, njl. Inzuzo kakhulu isakhiwo sakhiwo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi ukongezwa kophahla uphahla lwendlu, ngokusebenza kakuhle, ukuphucula ukubonakala kwefowuni nokubonelela induduzo ngaphakathi.

Iindidi zendawo eyongezelelweyo

1. Igumbi . Izakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala zidinga indlela ekhethekileyo, kuba eqinisweni kukugqitywa kwendlu. Igumbi lugcinwe ngokucophelela kuwo onke macala kwaye linikezelwa ngokungafihli kwamanzi.
2. Ikhishi . Igumbi linemfuneko efanayo yemigangatho njengendawo yokuhlala, kodwa ukongeza ukongeza unxibelelwano kufuneka lunikezelwe: amanzi kunye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi.
3. I veranda . Eli gumbi lenzelwe ieholide zasehlotyeni, kwaye likhusela isakhiwo esikhulu esivela kwimvula nomoya. Ingavalwa, kunye okanye ngaphandle kokutsalwa kwe-thermal. Inguqu evulekileyo isetyenziswe kwakhona, apho kuphela umgangatho kunye neengqungquthela kunye nophahla kwandiswa kwindlu. Kule meko, kukho iindlela zokwakha ezinjalo.

Ukulungiswa kwendawo yangasese yesihlomelo

Isiseko senziwe i-columnar okanye ibhoni. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethwa ngabanini kunye nobume bomhlaba.

1. I-Tape isiseko

Isiseko senziwa ngamatyala alandelayo:

• Ngaphantsi kokwakhiwa kwebuninzi obukhulu;
• Indlu inesiseko, umgangatho ophantsi okanye igaraji elingaphantsi komhlaba;
• Umhlaba onobumba.

Isiseko sinokuba ngaphantsi kobunzulu bomhlaba obushushu ngo-200-300 mm okanye obunzulu (ubunzulu bebhedi - 550-600 mm). Ukwandisa ukukhanya, ukhetho lokugqibela lusetyenziswa njengelona qononophelo ngokubhekiselele kwiindleko kunye neempawu zobugcisa.

Kubalulekile ! Isiseko esiqhotyoshelweyo kufuneka sibe nanye kunye naso kwinqanaba kunye nesiseko sekhaya. I-monolith enye ayinakuyenza, kodwa unganokuxhuma kunye nomnye xa ubeka iintonga zensimbi kwisiseko esidala kwaye uzibophe nge-skeleton yokuqinisa. Emva kokuba ithululelwe ikhonkrithi.

Thabatha ingqalelo ! Isiseko seTape kufuneka sitshulwe kwisinyathelo esinye, kwaye oku kungcono ukuphendukela kubachwephesha ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo. Umsebenzi wokuqala ungenziwa ngokwakho.

2. Isiseko sekholomu

Amakholomu akhiwe kwikhonkrithi, izitena okanye ukudibanisa kwawo. Nakhu kufanele ukukhunjulwa ukuba phantsi komhlaba kuya kuvuleka okanye kungabonakali, nangona ingxaki ixazululwa ngokufaka i-vial nge-insalulation eyongezelelweyo ngexesha lokubeka unxibelelwano.

Izithuba zifakwe kumanyathelo ama-1.5 m, kunye nokufakelwa okufunekayo kumagumbi. Ubunzulu bokucwiliswa kwawo yi-500-600 mm. Inxalenye engaphantsi komhlaba ifakwe i-bitumen yokungenwa kwamanzi. Ukubambelela kwiikholamu eziphambili kubalulekile ukudibanisa nayo ngoncedo lweemivalo zokuqiniswa kwikhonkrithi.

Ukuqwalasela ukuhlolwa kunye namanqaku amaninzi, ukongezwa kwendlu phantsi kwephahla kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenziwa njengamahlunu, kuba ixabiso elincinci, kwaye kulula ukwenza ngokwakho.

Isikhokelo sokuQala

Ingxenye engasentla yomhlaba wendlu yangasese kunye ne-annexe iyazama ukufumaneka kwindawo ephakamileyo, kodwa i-veranda ingenziwa isezantsi ngokudibanisa ivesi kunye namanqanaba amancinci.

Naluphi na uhlobo lwesiseko, umgangatho wokhuni ufanelekile. Ukuba iteki inokwenziwa ngekhonkrithi.

Isiseko sibekwe kulo lonke umjikelezo weemitha kunye nobude be-150 mm kunye nobubanzi be-100 mm. Ungasebenzisa iigodo ezingabizi. Kwiikhonkco baxhunyiwe ngokuvala. Ngaphambi koku, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi ukusuka kwiindawo eziliqela zezinto zokuphahla.

Ngaphantsi nangaphantsi kweengxowa kwiiplanga, iiprooves ezingama-50 zenziwe. Bayibeka iidonki baze bazibophe ngeempiki. Kwiindawo zeefestile ngokukhawuleza ukukhawuleza iiplanga, eziza kufakwa ibhodi ye window.

Amacaka enza ubude begumbi. Ukuba uphahla luyi-odnoschatnaya, eludongeni lendlu babeka ukuphakama okuphakamileyo ukuze benze ukuthambekela. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zifumaneka ngokuthe ngqo, zikhonjiswe kancinci kubo.

Ngaphezulu kwendlela yokubamba, yenza i-groove phantsi kwezinto eziqwengqileyo, ezibethelelwe zipikili okanye izikhonkwane kwi-bar engqamlekileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi baxhomekeke kwi-cross-section section 100h89 mm, ehleliwe eludongeni lendlu kunye neebhentshi zehange. Ama-Rafters kufuneka afakwe kwi-Mauerlat, efakwe kwi-top strap. Kwizakhiwo ezincinci, unako ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo.

Uphahla lwenyusa kufuneka luhambe phantsi kophahla lwendlu enkulu.

Iifutha zifakwe ngekrate. Ingaba kunye nezikhewu okanye eziqinileyo, kuxhomekeke kwizinto zokuphahla ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Kwiindawo zokuhlala zebhar ye-low strapping, iilagi zifakwe kwisinyathelo esingengaphezulu kwe-1 m. Ubunjani bomgangatho buxhomekeke kwindlela echanekileyo ngayo. Ikhefu ngalinye libekwe lizinga. Ukuba i- veranda ivulekile, ukuphambukiswa okuncane kwindlu kwenziwe, ukuze amanzi emvula aphephe.

I-floorboards iqhotyoshelweyo kwi-lags by screws.

Iindonga zakhiwe kwiindawo ezimbini, kunye nommandla phakathi kokungena kwamanzi kunye nokuqhawula. Ngaphandle sebenzisa i-OSB, i-plywood, amabhodi, uze udibanise nge-siding. Ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwenziwa ngamaphepha e-plasterboard okanye i-lining.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwephahla eluphahleni lendlu kungenziwa ngale ndlela:

• Isitya;
• Gable;
• Phantsi kwephahla elifanayo;
• Isihlomelo kunye nophahla oluphukileyo.

1. Uphahla olulodwa

Inketho ephezulu kakhulu yokonga yongezwa olunye uphahla lwephahla ukuya kwindlu ejikelezayo. Ukuphononongwa kuthetha ngelolu hlobo, ngaphandle koyilo. Unokufumana enye indlela, ukhetho olungakumbi, ukuba iindlela zivumelekile. Uphahla lufumaneka kwiindawo ezigqithisiweyo. Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokungachukumisi uphahla oludala, olusempilweni elungileyo, enye yerampu entsha.

Ukuqhagamshelana okunamandla kwezakhiwo omnye komnye akwenziwanga. Isiqhotyoshelweyo senziwe ngokubamba iqela lokuhamba kunye ne-longitudinal groove, enika uxhulumaniso oluqinileyo lweendonga kunye nethuba lokunciphisa. Ingxaki idla ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokudibanisa uphahla nodonga. Ukucima amanzi, ikhonkco okanye i-groove eyenziwe ngephepha elihlanganisiweyo lihlelwe. Ngeentente ezaneleyo, umswakama awuyi kungena.

Uphahla olulodwa oluxhomekeke kwandiswa kwindlu yokhuni lunempawu zalo.

1. I-angle of inclination ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-10 ⁰ .
2. Uphahla lwesakhiwo lubekwe phantsi kophahla lwendlu.
3. Ukongezwa kuxhomekeke kwimithwalo efanayo njengendlu. Ukongezelela, uphahla lwayo lulapha ngaphantsi kweyona ndawo, kwaye uninzi lweemvula lungafika kuyo, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukunyanzelisa iimfuno ezingqongqo kwisakhiwo esongezelelweyo samandla nokukhutshwa kwamanzi.
4. Ngaphandle, uphahla lwandiso alufanele lukhangeleke, ngaphandle kokulula kwefomu.

2. Uphahla lwamahlathi

Ukhetho lufanelekile ukwakhiwa kwegumbi elifudumeleyo elipheleleyo elinomgangatho ophezulu. Ukongezwa kwindlu kunye nophahla lwentaba kunzima. Ukufakela kwayo, iifom zokuqala zifakwe (150x100 mm), eziyizona ziseko zexesha elizayo. Balala kwi-bandage ephezulu kunye nesinyathelo esingengaphezu kwama-70 cm, kwaye emva kokuba baqhotyoshelwe eludongeni lwendlu. Emva kweemitha, i-rafter system ifakwe (ibar 100x100 mm).

Umgama phakathi kwabo ufana neyimizila. Kwiindawo zokurhoxisa, i-crate iphoswe ngenyathelo elihambelana nolunye uhlobo lwezinto zokuphahla. Isigaba sokugqibela sibeka uphahla kwaye sifaka umjelo.

3. Uphahla oluthile

Le ndlela ibiza kakhulu, kodwa isebenze kangcono, kuba phantsi kwephahla kunakho ukuxhobisa ikamelo elongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukugcina indawo yesalathiso ehamba phantsi kwezindlu. Ukuqhotyoshela kwizindlu kunye nophahla oluphukileyo alisoloko lukhangeleka luhle. Ininzi idla ngokuqhubeka nokuphahla kwesakhiwo esikhulu. Ngokwendlela yoyilo, ungatshintsha umumo walo apha.

Uphononongo lwephahla oluphukileyo luyinkxalabo enkulu, kuba ngamanye amaxesha ukwakhiwa kunzima kakhulu, kwaye kunzima ukufumana uyilo olufanelekileyo.

Uphahla oluphukileyo kunye nolungeniso lwendlu yokwandiswa kwendlu lwakhiwe ngokubhekiselele kwikhokhnoloji efanayo. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kokulahleka, kucetyiswa ukuseka uphahla olutsha endlwini, eya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo kuye kunye nokwandiswa. Kule meko, isakhiwo siya kwanda kakhulu ngobukhulu.

Kulo uphahla olutsha lendlu, isistim se-truss sihlanganiselwe emhlabathini kwangaphambili. Kwakhona, iikhokiti zekreate zilungiselelwe. Ngenxa yoko, ukutshintshwa kuya kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.

Joyina uphahla lokwandiswa kunye nendlu

Inketho yoqoqosho kukunamathela uphahla kwendlu, apho badibana khona. Kodwa apha kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukunyuswa, ngaphandle koko kuya kuba ne-subsidence kwidibaniselwano. Uphahla lokwandiswa ngu 2-3 cm ngaphantsi kweyona ndawo. Ubungqina bokuba i-overlap ayiyi kuvumela umswakama ukungena endlwini.

Isiphelo

Isakhiwo esongezelelweyo esiqhotyoshelwe kwindlu esemqoka yinto ebalulekileyo, apho iimfuno ezifanayo zifakwe ngokubanzi kwisakhiwo esizimeleyo. Okubaluleke ngokubalulekileyo ukongezwa kophahla uphahla lwendlu. Ukuba umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwesi sakhiwo kuqhutyelwa inyathelo ngesinyathelo kwaye ungenzi iimpazamo, kuya kuba lula kwaye kuyomelele.