Yintoni KABLOOM eziphilayo? Biology: Plant systematics

Usakhumbula isifundo biology 'Systematics kunye nokwahlulwa eziphilayo "? Ukuba akunjalo, ngoko inqaku wethu kuwe. Siza uqhelane kunye nesifundo yale inzululwazi achaze kumaqela yezityalo kunye izizathu apho zidityanisiwe.

Yintoni KABLOOM eziphilayo

Neyantlukwano eziphilayo emhlabeni nje emangalisayo. Khawufan 'ucinge, kwisithuba mihla yezigidi ezili-8.7 ezaziwayo izazinzulu. Baye kakuhle yonke into zokuhlala akasoze zamaqumrhu amanzi umhlaba ubukho ekumfimfitheni phakathi eziphilayo. Ekubeni kwakukho inzululwazi ukuba akwazi ukufezekisa le iyantlukwano, loo nto lula kakhulu inkqubo kwexesha lezifundo zabo.

Yintoni KABLOOM? Iintetho kwi biology kunye neenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kunikwa iinkcazo ezininzi kolu luvo. Siya kugxininisa kakhulu ngqo. Systematics - inzululwazi Ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nokwahlulwa eziphilayo. NgesiGrike eli gama liguqulelwa ngokuthi "ngocwangco".

Eziphilayo iinzame umbutho lokuqala esekelwe kwi iimpawu ngokubanzi kwaye saqalisa Aristotle Theophrastos. Ngoko ke, yintoni na KABLOOM eziphilayo, wayesaziwa ehlabathini mandulo.

Umsunguli KABLOOM kuthathwa ukuba sisazinzulu Swedish uKarl Linney. Yaba nguye lowo waqalisa inzululwazi kabini okanye yokubini, amagama izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Nanamhla oku, iyunithi yokuhlelwa ke imbonakalo. Umzekelo, poplar zesilivere, namafutha aqholiweyo, ngeplantain eqhelekileyo.

Kingdom of nature

Systematics - isigaba eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa i eziphilayo zibe ngamaqela iimpawu ezifanayo. Zibizwa ngokuba zohlaza. Zincinane ezo nto, uze ke aphezulu - ubukumkani. Phakathi kwazo kukho zohlaza eliphakathi. Umzekelo, isityalo i sodidi, usapho, ukuze, iklasi kunye nokwahlukana.

Ingaba izikumkani ezintlanu nemvelo;

• Izityalo olwenze supply indlela autotrophic, ubukho kombala yiklorofili eluhlaza kwizisele ekwaziyo photosynthesis, yokuphila eqhotyoshelweyo ukukhula mda.
• Izilwanyana ngendlela ibele heterotrophic, ngenkuthalo ukuhamba, ukukhula ubukhulu kuphela kwixesha elithile.
• Amakhowa - iqela eziphilayo, emi isikhundla oluphakathi phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana. It idibanisa iimpawu zazo zombini yezikumkani. Umzekelo, ezifana izityalo, fungi Kuqhotyoshelwe yokuphila. Ngaloo Iphila kulungiselelwe izinto zemvelo njengezilwanyana.
• Iintsholongwane - eziphilayo olunye-ezineseli ezincinane ukuba musa ndikhuphe ngumongo.
• Virus - eziphilayo non-cellular. Ezi molekyuli acid nangenucleic bayazibhijabhija, singqongwe idyasi protein.

Biology, Grade 6: Taxonomy zezityalo

Ngoku sihlolisise ukuhlelwa abameli ubukumkani izityalo. Kakade ukuba onjalo KABLOOM eziphilayo yaye ziziphi iimpawu ezizodwa abameli ahluka yale ubukumkani. Yintoni iqela ayinabantu ngaphakathi kuyo?

Biology kunye Taxonomy izityalo eziphezulu zithathwa ezimbini: ezingezantsi neziphezulu. iqela lokuqala ezi zityalo aziyo ancedisana amalungu. Ezi ziquka zonke lisiza. Le izityalo ezininzi nobu-, owayebonakele kuqala kwiplanethi yethu.

Njengoko singena ilizwe izityalo baqalisa ukwenza ancedisana amalungu. Ngaphandle kwalo, ubukho babo buya kuba nzima kule ndawo entsha. Ngoko ke inkqubo nasekusungulweni naziphi izityalo ngaphezulu.

kwezityalo

Yintoni KABLOOM eziphilayo? Kananjalo inzululwazi evumela ukwahlula iimpawu eziphambili uphawu eziphilayo. Kuba izityalo ngokubanzi - yindlela autotrophic ngokutya ukuba ephantsi - ukungabikho iiseli zizodwa. Kuba ulwelwe, bonke babe isakhiwo esifanayo. Ludityanisiwe ukuba anatomically kuphela, kodwa hayi onemfundo.

emzimbeni ulwelwe wabiza elithi "thallus", "Slano" okanye "thallium". Ke endaweni iingcambu banayo rhizoids. Iiplastiki eyodwa okanye multicellular kunye lobukoloniyali. Ngaphandle yiklorofili sakhi, iiseli nobulembu isenokuba idayi zezinye imibala. Kuxhomekeka kule amasebe avelele oluhlaza, obomvu nomdaka ulele yegolide. Kodwa nabameli Diatom ejikelezwe yi Iqokobhe dust. oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa kwimingxuma ukutya.

EPhakamileyo: yeempawu

Abafuduki ezweni yokuqala engakabi nayo inyama ngokwenene. Baqhubeka rhizoids, kwaye ukubaleka amasebe nkqo kunye olusabufolokhwe. Inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni izityalo asinda ezo amalungu omzimba apho ufumana ukuma nkqo. Oku kunika a iimeko ngempumelelo ngakumbi ngenxa kukuvela photosynthesis. Ngoko ke izityalo eziphezulu ukuba iiseli ezizodwa kunye namalaphu - mechanical, conductive, inshorensi kunye core.

Amalungu kakhulu abangekaphuhli kule yunithi zezi ngendlela ibihlungu. iintlobo zazo mihla zimelwe ngokwemizi ezine: Moho-, Plauno-, Hvosche- kunye omfisi. iimpawu zabo ezivame isakhiwo yegqabi le ukubaleka, yokuzala esebenzisa imbewu, alternation kumjikelo wobomi izizukulwana zesini maqanda.

Iintlobo yembewu

iimpawu thuthu lobume zizityalo imbewu. Igama ngokwayo uthetha enye ngeendlela ukwanda kwabo. Iimbewu, ngokwahlukileyo kwimbambano, izibonelelo elininzi kwezondlo. Zenza kube ukuntshula kakuhle kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo abaselula.

Phakathi kweli qela kukho systematics ezimbini isebe: gymnosperms kunye angiosperms. Abameli sokuqala nespruce, pine, msipres, konwele, kinkgo, iWelwitschia. imbewu zikhula esikalini cone evulekileyo, engazali. Olu phawu kugqiba igama taxon. Gymnosperms ezizo iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo, uninzi lwazo enehlathi.

Angiosperms, okanye izityalo eneentyatyambo, lelona qela kwezityalo, leyo ngoku babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ezibalaseleyo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Ngenxa ezinye iimpawu noshowo oku kunokwenzeka? Okokuqala, ukuba ubukho intyatyambo, enza umsebenzi omzimba okuvelisa inzala, apho kwezichumiso kabini. thelo kwakheka ngaphakathi apho imbewu kuphuhliswa ngenxa yale nkqubo. Esi sakhiwo sinika ukhuseleko kwiimeko ezinzima, uphuhliso elilungileyo kunye nokusasazwa kwezityalo.

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza wajonga okwenziwe KABLOOM eziphilayo. It is a inzululwazi egqiba indawo eziphilayo kwinkqubo yehlabathi ephilayo ngokusekelwe isakhiwo neempawu ezithile.