Amitosis - le yindlela sisahlula cell

Familiarization ingcaciso ebhalwe kweli nqaku liza kwenza ukuba umfundi afunde enye yeendlela sisahlula iseli - amitosis. Siza kufumanisa iimpawu ikhosi yale nkqubo, cinga umahluko ukusuka kwezinye iintlobo yoqhekeko ngaphezulu.

Yintoni amitosis

Amitosis - uhlobo lwe hlula cell ngqo. Le nkqubo kungenxa njengesiqhelo kwisahlulo ngumongo ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini. Noko ke, kungenzeka kwisigaba wokusungula edibanise uqhekeko. A tubal kwenzeka ngaphandle amafu chromatin. Amitosis - inkqubo ezendeleyo iiseli zezilwanyana nezityalo, kwakunye lenyama.

Kwimbali kunye nophando

Robert Remak ngo-1841 wanikela inkcazelo yenkqubo amitosis okokuqala, kodwa igama ngokwayo wafika kakhulu kamva. Sele 1882 eziphilayo kunye imvelaphi histologist German, Walter Flemming wanikela igama mihla le nkqubo. Amitosis iseli kwindalo kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa ngokusoloko kwenzeke, kuba oko kuyimfuneko.

inkqubo Iimpawu

Njengokuba kwenzeka division yeseli? Amitosis kungenzeka kakhulu ukuba kwenzeka iiseli ukuba kunciphise umsebenzi mitotic. Ngoko ke, lo uluhlu iiseli ukuba afe ngenxa yokwaluphala okanye uhlobo utshintsho lwezidumbu, Singalibazisa ukufa kwakhe ixesha elide.

Amitosis - inkqubo apho imeko ngumongo ngexesha interphase kugcina iimpawu zazo morphological: i nucleolus kunokubonwa ngokucacileyo, kwakunye iqokobhe layo, i-DNA ayikho lwenziwe, chromatin - protein, DNA kunye RNA hayi spiraleziruyutsya kunye nokuchongwa zofuzo kwinucleus iiseli eukaryotic angekhoyo.

Kukho icandelo cell ngqo - mitosis. Amitosis, ngokuchaseneyo, ivumela iseli emva kolwahlulo ukugcina umsebenzi walo njengento ukusebenza. Othini (isakhiwo chromosome yocalulo) xa amitosis ayakhekanga, kodwa nangoku yahlulelana undoqo, yaye ngenxa yale nkqubo lonikezelo random lolwazi yemfuza. Ukunqongophala inkqubo cytokinetic ibangele lokwanda neseli nuclei amabini, nto leyo akanakungena kumjikelo obabuthandwa mitosis kwixesha elizayo. Multiple kophindo amitosis inokukhokelela ukuyilwa iiseli kunye nobuninzi umphakathi.

Imeko yangoku

Amitosis njengengqiqo waqala kuvela kwiqela iincwadi kule minyaka ingama-80 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iingcebiso ukuba zonke iinkqubo ezibe ngaphambili efakwe phantsi le ngcamango, eneneni nombono iziphumo zophando kwi izilayidi balungiselela kakuhle. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba isenzeko sisahlula yeseli, sikhatshwe ukutshatyalaliswa elidlulileyo, kungakhokelela ekubeni lowo kakuhle engeyiyo bechaza data. Noko ke, ezinye iinkqubo yokwahlukana iiseli eukaryotic akukho sezandleni ukuba mitosis okanye meiosis. Umzekelo iphawulekayo woku isiqinisekiso kunye nenkqubo division macronuclear (ciliates iseli nucleus, ubungakanani ezinkulu), apho abanye chromosome yocalulo iinxalenye kukuba nangona edibanise usenziwa yokwahlula.

Yintoni ngenxa kwingxaki lweenkqubo zokufunda amitosis? Inyaniso kukuba le nto kunzima ukubona iimpawu zayo morphological. Loo ukuzimisela ayinakuthenjwa. Ukungakwazi ukuchonga ngokucacileyo imiqondiso amitosis inkqubo morphology ngokusekelwe yokuba ingengabo bonke esinqeni enyukliya luphawu amitosis. Kwaye dumbbell imilo wayo, nto leyo ichazwe ngokucacileyo ngumongo, uyakwazi ukubalisa kuphela uhlobo onenombolo. Kwakhona constriction nucleus inokuba ngenxa ngumkhuba ombi elandulelayo hlula yi mitosis. Kaninzi kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva amitosis endomitosis (chromosome kabini indlela ngaphandle iCandelo iiseli, kunye yaseburhulumenteni). Ngokuqhelekileyo amitosis iziphumo inkqubo ukuphinda yeseli ngumongo. Ukuphindaphinda yale meko kudala ezininzi nuclei cell. Ngaloo amitosis kudala neseli chromosome ukuseta uhlobo polyploid.

isiphelo

Ukushwankathela, ukuba uthi amitosis - kwenkqubo yokuhanjelwa iseli wahlulwe ube uhlobo ngqo, okt ngokucandeka zenyukliya lwenzeka kwiindawo ezimbini. Inkqubo ngokwayo akanako ukunika division iseli zibe alinganayo, kubini twatse. Oku kusebenza kolwazi kwiseli yofuzo.

Le nkqubo iye inani yomahluko elibukhali ukususela kwicandelo kwisigaba yi mitosis. Umahluko ephambili kwinkqubo mitosis kunye amitosis akukho iqokobhe ukutshatyalaliswa engundoqo kwaye amitosis nucleolus, kunye nenkqubo ukuhamba ngaphandle ukuyilwa entongeni yokuluka, ukunika ulwazi hlula. Cytokinesis kwiimeko ezininzi akukho lahlulwe.

Okwangoku, akukho izifundo kwiilwimi zesiNtu, nto leyo ukuchonga ngokucacileyo amitosis njengendlela weseli angakwazi. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo le amitosis imbono njengendlela hlula iseli ngenxa yobukho imali encinane kakhulu yokwahlula umzimba iseli uphela. Ngenxa amitosis mhlawumbi kungcono ukuba kubhekiswa kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezenzeka phakathi kwiiseli.