Yintoni ingqondo dystrophy? ixabiso layo

Bambalwa kuthi cinga ingqiqo dystrophy kwaye anike oko kubaluleke kakhulu. Okwangoku, Bulelani kuye, nkqu ngamehlo akhe ivaliwe, umntu ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo uziva isikhundla ngokunxulumene lwendawo isandla sakhe - oko uzimisele okanye axis up isikhundla lona lingumzimba wakhe - ihlale okanye umi. iintshukumo loo mgaqo eqhutywa proprioceptors umsebenzi okhethekileyo ekubeni imisipha, njengezingxobo edibeneyo, nemisipha, eluswini. Makhe sihlolisise into ingqiqo dystrophy.

Ifomu olukhethekileyo lolwazi

Le oluntsonkothileyo bashile, ezithi zivele ngenxa umsebenzi kwenkqubo musculoskeletal lomzimba, ebizwa kengoku kwezihlunu. Le nto iye yaziswa ukusetyenziswa I. M. Sechenovym. Scientific wathi, umzekelo, ukuhamba ngokubaluleka yabantu kuphela uza imilenze qhagamshelana umphezulu, kodwa babizwa ngokuba njengokungathi dystrophy ahambisana kunciphiso amalungu esihambelanayo.

Unyango lwe umbuzo wokuba yintoni ingqiqo dystrophy, I. M. Sechenovym wanikwa njengendlela olukhethekileyo lolwazi lomntu ngayo ubudlelwane isithuba-ixesha bume yakhe.

ingqiqo dystrophy, yena umsebenzi okhethekileyo esiqhotyoshelwe kule ummiselo kweentshukumo. Yena mbono, udlala indima nabalawuli ecaleni, ngenxa apho umntu akwazi ukuthelekisa izinto, ukwenza imisebenzi elula zohlalutyo kunye yokuqaphela.

"Dark" imvakalelo

Imisipha ingqondo umntu obizwa "mnyama" kwaye kakhulu ixesha elide akukho wahluliwe lafaka, haptic ebhekisela zombini magama. Ngoko ke, lo wengqondo uWilliam James ugxininise ukungaqiniseki egqithiseleyo le mbono. Njengoko kucacile ukuba yintoni na malunga - malunga iimvakalelo intsalela of babesima okanye iintshukumo okanye ezinye amaza efferent kuthunyelwa ebuchotsheni.

Eneneni, kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abawazi umsebenzi izihlunu, kodwa intshukumo kuphela. Njengokungathi abanamava xa uhambisa, ukugcina ngendlela ethile ekhethekileyo, ukuqina imisipha, okanye izimbo zomzimba, ngenkankulu ndaqonda.

kinaesthesia

Xa Ekuveleni XIX kunye XX kwiinkulungwane kwi-ajenda kwaba sekunjalo: umba mlonyeni leyo ingqondo dystrophy nokuba ukuchaza njani. Emine Henry Charlton Bastian le ngcamango, okanye, njengoko wabhala wathi: "nemvo intshukumo", owamkelwa ukuvakalisa ilizwi "kinaesthesia".

Phantsi emizimbeni kuqondwe sisakhono ingqondo ukuba baqaphele ngokuqhubekayo intshukumo kunye somzimba kwizihlunu nezibilini zayo ezahlukeneyo. Le ikhono kuphunyezwa proprioceptors kwabakuthumileyo amaza ebuchotsheni yi amalungu, imisipha kunye nezihlunu.

Ngolimi lwesayensi, lo gama aba ngokuqinileyo ngokwaneleyo kwaye kwanika ukonyuka kuye ukuvela inani kweekhonsepthi esukela, ezifana novelwano kinesthetic, kinesthetic ubumnandi ukuyila kinesthetic, nto leyo iqondwa wenkululeko ukusuka kwiindlela yesiqhelo kunye standard ukuwusa kwaye ukukwazi ukwenza intshukumo "iziganeko" ezintsha.

proprioreceptors

Indlela ukuqonda oko ngengqiqo dystrophy?

Ulwazi isikhundla kunye nentshukumo izihlunu zomzimba kunye iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ukusebenza proprioceptors ezikhethekileyo - kwalapho kubekwe inkqubo iintungu articular. excitation ungakhululekanga, okanye imisipha yabo ukubetha ithunyelwa receptors kwi luvo kwinkqubo luvo. Ivumela umntu hayi nokulawula iintshukumo zabo kakuhle, amalungu omzimba okanye sihlale ngendlela ukutshintsha, yenza intshukumo ngqo ngomnwe wachukumisa incam yaloo impumlo.

zibaluleke kakhulu ukuqhelwaniswa umzimba xa isithuba la maza. Ngaphandle kwabo, abantu baya kuba nako ukwenza nayiphi na intshukumo olulungelelanisiweyo. ingqiqo imisipha kuzo yemisebenzi yabantu ezifana ugqirha, umqhubi, i violin, nomdlali, a draftsman, Turner kunye nabanye abaninzi, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukufuna zomthetho ezithile kubanika ithuba ukwenza iintshukumo nobugcisa kwaye ngqo.

Le ndoda abazi, usoloko uziva iwonga isixando okanye esebenzayo ezibilinini zabo omzimba kunye nentshukumo namalungu. Bona kakhulu ngokuchanileyo bazimisela kweelana ngamnye iintshukumo zabo. ulwazi olunjalo emizimbeni kunye zovuselelo zabo proprioceptive (receptor) awuzi evela yemeko ezisingqongileyo kwaye ukusuka umzimba ngokwawo. Elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba uvakalelo olunzulu. Oku kubangelwa kukuba uninzi receptors ezikwamanye izakhiwo extracutaneous: e izihlunu, amalungu kunye njengezingxobo zabo, imisipha, nemisipha, periosteum, ifascia.

imvakalelo Musculoarticular ngokusebenzisa proprioceptive, oko kuvumela umntu ukuba abe nemvo kwisikhundla sokuba umzimba wam space, kwakunye ingqiqo amandla kunye nentshukumo. Okokuqala phantse akukho phantsi kukumelana kwaye ithwala ulwazi malunga angle kungokunje joint ethile, yaye, ngokunjalo, zonke izikhundla ekupheleni. Imvakalelo intshukumo ikuvumela ukuba uqonde ulwalathiso isantya nentshukumo namalungu. Kwi efanayo abantu ixesha imisipha yamkela ngokulinganayo amanyathelo asebenzayo kunye kwisixando sokwenziwa. Ungeno basuke intshukumo ixhomekeke awo kunye uqina le flexion engile utshintsho.

Imvakalelo amandla ukuze ukuvavanya amandla kwezihlunu, apho kuyimfuneko intshukumo okanye ukubamba amalungu kwindawo ethile.

Meaning ingqondo kwemisipha

Kuba indoda izivamvo izihlunu-ezidibeneyo oko kubaluleke kakhulu. It ikuvumela ukuba ufumane izinto ekunene kwaye ubone indawo komzimba isithuba uvale amehlo. ingqiqo dystrophy kunceda ukuqinisekisa ubunzima kunye nomthamo izinto, wenze uhlalutyo ayelele kulo iintshukumo kunye izakhono zabo. ukubaluleka kwayo kwandisa ingakumbi ukuwa okanye ilahleko.

Ukophulwa eziyi izihlunu-joint, kwekhono lo motor analyzer kukhokelela kukuba kubekho umntu ulahlekelwa iintshukumo ngqo. iqinelwa kwakhe iyaxokozela yaye ngezwi elingaqondakaliyo, yena ulahlekelwa ukulinganisela kwakhe. Abantu abanezifo ezinjalo kumsebenzi orientation komhlaba le kuthiwa-Regulator elikufutshane luthembisa umbono.

ingqiqo kwemisipha of weightlessness

ingqiqo imisipha kuzo vaakelani va yomntu ayikho. Xa urhulumente ikhaphukhaphu apho amandla intsebenziswano lwemizimba kungekho nkxaso, orientation ubudlelwane lwendawo ziqondeka Ukunakana into ebonwayo kunye novavanyo olubonakalayo.

Amava moya Orbital ephuma kwi oosomajukujuku isithuba olungaxhaswanga lubonise ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukumelana neemeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana kuye. Phakathi mvo yena unezinye ubuhlobo. Ukubaluleka omkhulu mizwa ephathekayo, iintungu articular amehlo ukusebenza encinane mncinane kuthiwa ebonisa yi kwisixhobo otolith. Loo inkqubo esebenza ngayo analyzers uzinzo eliphantsi.

Kwimisebenzi elizayo oosomajukujuku kwaye kude esithubeni inkxaso-free akukhethi ithuba nokudideka lwendawo ukukhohlisa. Kungenxa yoko le ngxaki yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo yabantu indawo kakhulu efanelekileyo.