Xenobiotics kunye nabantu. Isenzo xenobiotics. Impembelelo ye xenobiotics abantu. Xenobiotics - leyo ...

Kunye nophuhliso loluntu mveliso, kwabakho utshintsho ekubunjweni ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila. A lot of kwamagciwane, ezo imveliso zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, kokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba kuchaphazela ubomi zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuquka ezethu.

Yintoni xenobiotics?

Xenobiotics - kukho izinto zokwenziwa ukuba senze ngokungalunganga nawuphi na ephilayo. Eli qela libandakanya inkunkuma imisebenzi mveliso, injongo nendlu (Ithatyathwe emigutyeni, izitya), izinto zokwakha njalo njalo. D.

Inani elikhulu xenobiotics - lunezinto ukukhawulezisa ukuvela kwesityalo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kwezolimo ukwandisa ukumelana isityalo izitshabalalisi ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye ayinike look elungileyo. Ukuphumeza oku isiphumo, sebenzisa zinambuzane, ezo yayintsha emzimbeni.

izinto zokwakha, yokuncamathelisa, ipeyinti, iimveliso zasekhaya, ngokutya okunesondlo - zonke ezi xenobiotics. Ilungu kweli qela, Isimanga ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ezinye izinto eziphilayo, ezifana neentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, umngundo yayintsholongwane eyosulela, iintshulube.

Njengoko xenobiotics benza emzimbeni?

Substances yayintsha zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuchaphazela kakubi iinkqubo ezininzi metabolic. Umzekelo, izinyithi enzima Uthumelo ukusebenza lamajelo inwebu bonakalisa iiproteni ezisebenza ebalulekileyo lakhelwe plasmalemma kunye nodonga yeseli, baxabane nomzimba.

Nayiphi ephilayo othile eqhele ukususwa iityhefu ezinetyhefu. Nangona kunjalo, lo xiyimiso enkulu into ayikwazi zisuswe ngokupheleleyo. Ion zesinyithi, izinto eziyityhefu eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo ekugqibeleni yande umzimba emva kwexesha elithile (rhoqo emva kweminyaka eliqela kamva) kukukhokela ukuya ezimbi, izifo, allergies.

Xenobiotics - yonakalisa. Ukuba ungakwazi ukungena kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, isixokelelwano sokuphefumla nkqu ngesikhumba lomelele. ngenisa umendo ixhomekeke ngobume ukulinganiswa, isakhiwo mba, ngokunjalo neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

Esebenzisa kwisisu ngeempumlo ngomoya okanye uthuli kungena emzimbeni hydrocarbon ingangumoya, ethyl kunye imethyl alkoholi, acetaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, iEtere, acetone. Njengoko inkqubo yokucola kusichukumisa phenols, siyanadzi, izinyithi enzima (ilothe, chromium, intsimbi, ayibe, ikopolo, imetyhuri, thallium, kwistibhiya). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinto ezifana intsimbi okanye ayibe, kuyimfuneko ukuba umzimba, kodwa umxholo akufunekanga ngaphezulu sewaka ekhulwini. Xa amathamo eziphezulu ke ingabangela ukuba nefuthe elibi.

ngezigaba xenobiotics

Xenobiotics - akukho iikhemikhali kuphela eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo imvelaphi. Ukuba eli qela, kwaye izinto eziphilayo, ezifana neentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, umngundo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye protists, helminths. Isimanga, kodwa ophathekayo njengoko ingxolo, ukungcangcazela, imitha, imitha, naye abe xenobiotics.

Ngokutsho umchiza ukwakhiwa zonke tyhefu zihlukaniswe:

1. Organic (phenols, alkoholi, hydrocarbon, aldehydes kunye ketones, glycol halogenated, njalo njalo. D.).
2. (Phosphorus eziphilayo, mercury eziphilayo kunye nabanye) Element-organic.
3. I ezingaphiliyo (isinyithi kunye oxides zazo, ii-asidi, iziseko).

Ngomhla imvelaphi xenobiotics yamachiza yahlulwe maqela alandelayo:

1. Industrial.
2. Household.
3. Agricultural.
4. izinto eziyityhefu.

Kutheni xenobiotics kuchaphazela impilo?

Imbonakalo kwezinto zasemzini umzimba kuchaphazela kakubi intsebenzo yayo. ingqondo Ukwanda xenobiotics kukhokelela utshintsho ezimbi kwinqanaba DNA.

Okukwazi - enye imiqobo eziphambili zokhuselo. Impembelelo ye xenobiotics utshisa amajoni omzimba, nokuthintela ukusebenza eqhelekileyo lymphocyte. Ngenxa yoko, ezi seli abasebenza kakuhle, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba buthathaka nokukhuselwa eziphilayo kunye ukuvela komzimba.

Ufuzo iiseli novelwano kwimiphumo nayiphi mutagen. Xenobiotics, zingene iseli, ukuze ukuphazamisa isakhiwo eqhelekileyo DNA kunye RNA, nto leyo ekhokelela zofuzo. Ukuba inani imicimbi emikhulu, ingozi yokuba nomhlaza ibonakala.

Ezinye tyhefu benza emane kwi ilungu target. Ngenxa yoko, xenobiotics ekwanti neurotrophic (imetyhuri, ilothe, manganese, carbon disulfide), Gematotropnye (benzene, iarseniki, phenylhydrazine) hepatotropic (hydrocarbon ikhlorini), nephrotropic (iikhompawundi isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, kunye fluorine, ethylene ethers).

Xenobiotics nabantu

imisebenzi kwezoqoqosho nezamashishini yingozi kwimpilo yabantu ngenxa isixa esikhulu lwenkunkuma, imichiza, namayeza afanelekileyo. Xenobiotics ngoku afumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo, yaye ngaloo ndlela amathuba ekungeneni kwabo umzimba isoloko phezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, le xenobiotics zinamandla, apho zifumaneka kuyo yonke ndoda - lo amayeza. Pharmacology njenge inzululwazi ukufunda ifuthe iziyobisi eziphilayo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, xenobiotics loo imvelaphi na unobangela-40% kwesibindi, yaye kwenzeka: nguwona msebenzi isibindi ekususweni ityhefu. Ngoko ke, umzimba bachatshazelwe kakhulu yile amathamo aphezulu amayeza.

Prevention of ubuthi

Xenobiotics - kwilizwe langaphandle ukuya kweziyobisi emzimbeni. Umzimba womntu leMfundo lenze iqela ezinye iindlela ukususa buthi. Umzekelo, ityhefu unako bangabi zisuswe sisibindi kokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokuphefumla, inkqubo excretory, sebaceous, ukubila kunye amabele.

Ngaphandle koku, umntu kufuneka athathe amanyathelo ukuze kuncitshiswe ifuthe eziyingozi iityhefu. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe ukutya ngenyameko. "E" iqela kwezithako ke xenobiotics namandla, ngoko ukuthenga iimveliso ezinjalo kufuneka kuphetshwe. Akukho mfuneko kuphela ngembonakalo ukukhetha iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Soloko ingqalelo umhla wokuphelelwa, okt. A. Lakuphela yayo imveliso wavelisa ubuthi.

Wawungenakuzisola ukwazi umlinganiselo iziyobisi. Kakade ke, unyango olusebenzayo ngokufuthi imfuneko kuyimfuneko, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ayizange ibe nokusetyenziswa ngendlela okungeyomfuneko pharmaceuticals.

Kuphephe ukusebenza wezenzi eziyingozi, nomzimba, izinto ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa. Yokuncitshiswa kwesiphumo sokukhutshwa iikhemikhali kwabendlu impilo yakho.

isiphelo

Oku akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba sigcine lineziphumo eziyingozi xenobiotics. Ngamanye amaxesha bandisa kukuninzi, waba nexesha esinye sazo. Enye izinto umzimba yingozi kwimpilo, nto leyo ekhokelela kuphuhliso izifo.

Ngoko ke khumbula malunga namanyathelo ubuncinane zokuthintela. Kungenzeka uqaphele nangoko nefuthe elibi, kodwa emva kweminyaka embalwa xenobiotics nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Musa ukulibala ngayo.