Yintoni isifo sephepha.

Into yokuba loo sisifo sephepha, uluntu wayesazi phambi kokuzalwa kukaKrestu. Xa II leminyaka BC, ebudeni bolawulo kaHammurabi eBhabhiloni yavunyelwa umtshato ukuba amabhinqa imbali lwesifo sephepha.

Ngelo xesha noHippocrates ochazwe exhaustively eziphambili iimpawu zesifo sephepha miphungeni. Ngelishwa, le nobangela wale sifo sifo, noHippocrates ayichanekanga, kuba ndandicinga ukuba isifo sephepha sisifo ilifa oko kwenzeka ngenxa ekwakhiweni ngokugqithisileyo yencindi emzimbeni. Kwakhona wafunda kwingxaki ukuvela lwesifo sephepha uAvicenna, abandixelela ukuba esi sifo sidluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye yaye kuphuhliso TB Ichaphazela ikakhulu yemeko ezisingqongileyo.

Okokuqala nesifo ekuthiwa ngesifo sephepha, yiyo igama kwesi sifo "phthisiology" (ukusuka Greek "phthisis" -. OQhelekileyo oSetyenziswa). Njengoko usazi, isifo sephepha - sisifo esosulelayo yingozi esibangela iintsholongwane ze-TB - mycobacteria. Isifo sephepha luphawulwa uluhlu umzimba nakujoliso olutsha enye okanye ngaphezulu nangokurhala, nto leyo abe amalungu ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngakumbi esi sifo sichaphazela ijwabu semiphunga.

Ngokuba lixesha zokuqala uhlobo ezosulelayo kwesi sifo kakhulu, ezifana nesifo sephepha, singqiniwe ngenkulungwane ye-19. Le kwafunyanwa kwenziwa 1882 yi-German Robert Goch, ngubani ukuchaza kuphela iinkcukacha yintoni na isifo sephepha, kodwa ngokusichazela uhlobo mycobacteria, ityala layo.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iintlobo iintsholongwane, enamandla kakhulu: eli gciwane sidima yaye uvakalelwa kwikhephu, kwaye kweli lizwe, kuba iyamelana asidi kunye notywala. Tshabalalisa bacterium nga elide kuphela ukwenza phezu kwawo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye izinto neklorin-equlethe. Kwakhona ongabunyamezeliyo olu hlobo kwelanga mycobacteria ngqo.

Phantse sonke njengomntwana, okanye ukuba xa ufikisa, "ukufumana 'ukusuka kwindawo mycobacteria ezahlukeneyo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba isifo sephepha. bacilli "Babuthathaka" asikwazi okubangela izifo, rhoqo ukuvuselela nokomeleza nezifo TB. Ukuze ukugonya umzimba lomntu kuqaliswa mycobacterium ngokungqalileyo okuncitshiswe ukuba zaziwa ngokuba BCG (bacilli Calmette-Guérin), nto leyo evumela ukomeleza ukhuseleko nxamnye iintsholongwane "ndlongondlongo 'engena umzimba leyo ngokufuthi ekhokelela ukuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ngokubanzi.

Ukungenwa mycobacteria "ndlongondlongo" lidla livela umntu ogula sisifo esebenzayo, leyo, nokuthimla, ukukhohlela kunye ukuthetha nje, isasaze Goch ababambelela macala. usulelo ngaphantsi kakhulu kwenzeka xa esela iimveliso zobisi ephuma kwizilwanyana ezisulelweyo nesifo sephepha. uphuhliso Active esi sifo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka phambi yeemeko ezifana neemeko zokuphila ezingalunganga (ezentlalo nezokusingqongileyo); kukho izifo ezinxulumene umntu osulelekileyo (isilonda esiswini, isifo seswekile, isifo pulmonary); uxinzelelo; ukungondleki. Ukuze ukuncipha okukhulu sifo, yaye ngaloo ndlela ingozi yokuba nesifo sephepha ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo ngamakhoboka eziyobisi, utywala kunye nokutshaya.

Ngoko ke, yintoni TB nendlela uphuhliso kwesi sifo? Xa emzimbeni womntu, tubercle eletha kukhokelela ekubeni kwi kwemiphunga, ngokunjalo kwi nkovu iindawo baqale ukwakha nakujoliso olutsha of komtshiso oko. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba tuberculosis ephambili. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi izilonda nga zarubtsovyvatsya, kodwa mycobacteria ezikwezo zinto, amaxesha amaninzi babhenela ibe uhlobo karhulumente "aleleyo", yaye ukuba unalo iimeko ilungelo aqale ukwanda ngamandla.

Isifo sephepha - isifo apho uhlobo asebenzayo tubercle eletha ngegazi kunye nkovu isasazeke ngokubonakalayo wonke umzimba. Esi sifo asichaphazeli nje kuphela imiphunga, kodwa namanye amalungu nezihlunu: amathambo, ulusu, amehlo, amathumbu, inkqubo wokuchama, meninges. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi nokuba uyazi umhla, oko kukuthi i-TB, elahliwe fluorography yonyaka soyike kogonyo, yaye oku, yena, kukhokelela into yokuba inani labantu nokubandezeleka kulo sifo eloyikekayo, ithatha ayakwenza.