Wechsler kuvavanya abantwana kunye nabantu abadala: ukutyhilwa kwephupha elo. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Isikali: version abantwana (for eyodwa)

Nice ukuthetha kunye nendoda ezikrelekrele ukuxhasa nayiphi na isihloko, ngexesha ukwenza a joke, nibe kakhulu. Abantu abanjalo bathi babe kumgangatho ophezulu ubukrelekrele. Yintoni na le ngcamango yaye yintoni amanqanaba alo?

IQ - ntoni na?

Intelligence iphawulwa njengophawu ethile psyche yabantu, nto leyo evumela ukuba ziziqhelanise nemiqathango eguqukayo ebomini. Kwakhona siyifumana ukukwazi ukufunda into entsha, baqonde baze basebenzise ulwazi namava abo. Inqanaba intelligence - yinto umlinganiselo othile, wavakalisa njengoko uvavanyo ubungakanani ubuchule bomntu ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zokuphila entsha.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Isikali

Ukubekwa inqanaba sezobuntlola anazo Abaphengululi abaninzi, kodwa athandwa kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwisikali Wechsler. Developed ngo-1939, yona ikuvumela ukuba ukuchaza imiba ezikrelekrele iimpawu komntwana kunye omdala kuluhlu ukususela emithathu ukuya kwiminyaka asixhenxe anesine ubudala. iimvavanyo Wechsler zisekelwe imodeli oluneqela yengqondo, enkcochoyini apho ngamazwi kwaye aluncedo (non-ngomlomo) ubukrelekrele.

Imbali elivela kho iimpawu ekuya kubonwa ukukhubazeka engqondweni kuvavanyo

Ngowe-1939 wabonakala inguqulelo yokuqala isikali - Bellevue, apho "Bellevue" - igama ekliniki. Wexler ecetywayo iimvavanyo babedalelwe ukuxilonga babenobuchule zabantu ukusuka kwiminyaka esixhenxe ukuya kwiminyaka-69 ubudala. D. Wexler wagxeka ngelo xesha iimvavanyo, engundoqo apho uvavanyo Stanford-Binet. Yena wacinga ukuba akafanelekanga kusetyenziselwa izifundo kudidi abadala yabantu, njengoko kufuneka kugxininiswe-high speed, nto leyo kunzima abalupheleyo. Kwakhona kukho uvavanyo babakho imisebenzi zamandulo ejoliswe ngaphezulu eneminyaka zabantwana.

iimpawu zayo

Eyona uphawu le indlela yokuhlola kukukwazi zishukuxa uthotho enkulu abakubudala, nizahlule uvavanyo Wechsler - uguqulelo zabantwana, enika inkcazelo ethile amandla kushicilelo nokuthengiswa umntwana uze uchonge iipateni yophuhliso ubukrelekrele. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kuvavanyo abhalwe yengqondo moshilongo efanelekileyo.

Zeziphi iinguqulelo kule nkqubo?

Wexler wenza subtests zemanyano kokuqulethweyo kunye nomgangatho wobunzima. A IQ ngengqondo baqondiswe ubudala.

WB (Wechsler-Bellevue Adult Intelligence Amaqoqo) - kunoko, yaba kwisikali engqondo abadala. Waye phantsi kabini izilungiso. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1949, siye sabona ukukhanya Wechsler Adult Intelligence Isikali WAIS, okt i Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Sele ibe methodology standardised, nto leyo ngokwentando isini kunye nobudala. Kwezi, 1700 aphandwe ubudala 16 ukuya kwiminyaka-64, yaye 475 - engama-60 nangaphezulu. Le emgangathweni sithabathela ingqalelo kuphela ubudala, kodwa ke iwonga zobungcali kunye nemfundo. Uluhlu iyonke yenzelwe uluhlu iminyaka elishumi ukuya mathandathu. Main subtests criteria - is:

• Icandelo unxulumano oluphezulu kunye nezinye iimvavanyo;
• umahluko ukusebenza, leyo ishenxisa isiphumo lwezakhono ezithile ezithile okanye ukungabikho kubo;
• amathuba kwizigqibo ezithile ngokungqinelana neziphumo zovavanyo.

Namhlanje, kukho iindidi ezintathu kuxilongo: test WAIS (abadala ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-16 ukuya kuma-64), WISC (abantwana abafikisayo iminyaka 6,5-16,5) kunye WPPSI (kubantwana abaneminyaka 4-6.5). Kuba kukhubazeko nokulungiswa i-Russian Federation wadlula ezimbini zokuqala kuphela: WAIS kunye WISC.

iibhloko test

Kule ndlela iquka iibhloko ezimbini:

• yomlomo eliquka subtests 6;
• lenta - 5 subtests.

Kwibhloko ahlolwe ukuthathwa ngokubanzi ngobuchule (ulwazi) (ukuqonda), arithmetic, ukufana (ukufana) ephindaphindayo dictionary lixabiso samanani. A non-ezomlomo ekubhekiswa kuphando entsimini amalungu angekhoyo, imifanekiso alandelelanayo, ukusetyenziswa iityhubhu ka Kos, imilo elisongiweyo, ukusetyenziswa encryption. Yonke imisebenzi zidweliswe ngolandelelwano ubuxhakaxhaka ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kwinqanaba. Xa ixesha uvavanyo uthatha iyure enye kwiwadi, kwaye enye - processing of kweziphumo. Ekwenzeni ithathele ingqalelo udidi ubudala, njengoko kukho eyahlukileyo uvavanyo Wechsler - uguqulelo labantwana, kunye eyahlukileyo - kubantu abadala.

Yintoni kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa iziphumo zovavanyo?

Ukushwankathela iziphumo kungenxa kumanqanaba amathathu processing kunye nokutolika iziphumo. inqanaba lokuqala - ucalulo yamanqaku ewonke, ubukrelekrele ngamazwi nangezenzo. Okwesibini - iziphumo zokufunda ekubaleni rate efanelekileyo, iprofayili uqikelelo imisebenzi. Inyathelo lesithathu Nanku ukutyhilwa kwale iprofayile ngamnye yokuziphatha wewadi ngexesha le saveyi, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha diagnostic. Ngokufanayo baphathwe Wechsler test abadala ngenxa abakwisikolo sabantwana, kuhlalutywa iziphumo zemisebenzi.

Ukusebenzisa version zakudala ukuvelisa yoko, ingcali ubala lokuqala uvavanyo "ezimanzi" kwesifundo ngasinye. Emva koko lushwankathela kuqikelelwa kwi tafile ezihambelana imiyalelo, oko kuthethe ukuba umgangatho kwaye ubonakalisa inkangeleko. uvavanyo ngokuphimiselayo nangokungaphimiseli-ngomlomo kufuneka isongwe ngokwahlukeneyo uze ubone i parameters, ngokusekelwe iitafile IQ jikelele.

Inkcazelo Wechsler siyaqabela ubuchule

Le ndlela iquka Isikali ngokuphimiselayo nangokungaphimiseli-ngomlomo. Iqela lokuqala luquka izikhombisi ezinjalo:

1. ulwazi Scale jikelele lunamaphepha ali-29 imisebenzi ekufuneka uphendulwe. Oku lokufunyaniswa izinga lolwazi ezilula, ngaphandle uqeqesho olulodwa kuphela. Injalo loo nto - nye indawo, iimpendulo ephosakeleyo azifakwanga.

2. Isikali ukuqonda iqulethe imisebenzi 14 amabinzana zokufunda umthwalo kwisemantiki nokuqiqa. Kuqikelelwa ukuba umgangatho nokuchaneka - ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya ngamanqaku amabini.

3. Izibalo iquka imisebenzi 14 kwikhondo imfundo aphantsi inzululwazi arithmetic. uvavanyo ngomlomo, apho ukhathalelo zeengcali kubalulekile, nto leyo liqhuba uphando. Ejonge lula data zokusebenza kunye nexesha lekhefu.

4. Fumana ukufana bezinto - imisebenzi 13 ukuchonga iindidi ngokubanzi yezinto. Eli candelo conceptuality ebalulekileyo. Uqikelelo ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya ezimbini.

5. Khumbula kanharhu - series digits 3-9 (Phulaphula kwaye ngomlomo phinda) kunye digits 2-8, ezibonisa imibhalo evelisa ukuze reverse.

6. Isigama ubunjwe concepts 42. Kwesi sifundo amava yomlomo, ingqiqo, lebyi. amazwi alishumi kweli candelo zithathwa ulwimi bemihla unxibelelwano, amashumi amabini - babe avareji umgangatho entsonkothileyo, 12 kuwo - iingqiqo abstract kwakunye nemiqathango. Uqikelelo abakhuselekanga ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya ezimbini ukhetho nganye.

Wechsler test omdala - inguqulelo yovavanyo ezobuntlola okunye. Oku kuquka amanyathelo 5:

1. data Character (Encryption) - samanani 100 imizuzu 1.5.
2. yemizobo Top - sifuba 21 (imizuzu engama-20).
3. Hexahedron Cossa (40 iityhubhu) - ukuhlanganisana iibhloko zokuzoba.
4. Ungqinelwano - 8 amakhadi series.
5. Ingqokelela yezinto ukusuka amanani - imisebenzi emi-4.

Khangela ngenxa yobukrelekrele kule ndlela, njengoko uvavanyo Wechsler abantwana, kuxhomekeke kwi inkcubeko jikelele umntwana kwakhiwa intsebenzo yakhe yesikolo. uphumezo ngempumelelo imisebenzi enxulumene kwinqanaba IQ jikelele, kodwa kumiselwa imizila yemfuza. Kulo kulandela ukuba izinga yokufunyanwa kwezakhono ngamazwi kunye nolwazi uzakugqiba impumelelo yayo kunye nomgangatho wemfundo.

Ingcaciso iziphumo

Ingongoma kakhulu umdla na vavanyo iziphumo khowudi yasiwa kumbhalo. Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke iindlela, ngokuba umntu onomdla ukwazi isizathu sokuba wachitha ixesha elininzi kwaye kuxhomekeke kwisikhokelo yesihloko ekhethiweyo.

Wechsler test yezobuntlola ikwabandakanya a iziphumo ezithile ukushiyana. Olu phawu lophuhliso yengqondo exutyushwayo kolundi zilandelayo:

• Ngaphezu IQ eliphezulu - amanqaku 130.
• High - 120-129.
• Good - 110-119.
• Phakathi - 90-109.
• Bad - 80-89.
• zone kumda - 70-79.
• Low (kakuhle engqondweni) - ukuya ku-69.

Features inguqulelo eyoonyana uvavanyo

scale diagnostic yabantwana abakwiminyaka yokuba sesikolweni (iminyaka 6,5-16,5) ibandakanya subtests elinambini ezifanelekileyo i WAIS, kodwa ngokuqaliswa lighter nangaphezulu ngathi uhlobo imisebenzi kunye subtests "ekulo".

iimvavanyo Wechsler for eyodwa zahlukile kulo "ukuqonda" sekuba "amanani ngokukhumbula" yaye "mibono" - kwi "ikhowudi". Phakathi nokuhlola, ngamazwi nangezenzo iindawo enye ukuze umntwana ngokulula zivalele umsebenzi, niwenze. Ukubala IQ izifundo ezongezelelweyo musa bayithathele ingqalelo.

Subtest "mibono" iquka imisebenzi esigcina ukwandisa ubunzima ngokubulawa. Kuba oku kunika ixesha elithile (ufumanise), ngoko ke impazamo abaliweyo.

Ngowe-1967 wabona uguqulelo WPPSI ukukhanya, ebandakanya sub-iimvavanyo 11, enye - a ancedisayo. Isibhozo kubo ayisindi kwaye malilungiselelwe WISC, kunye nezinye ezintathu - entsha ngokupheleleyo. Uxilongo ngokwale ndlela enokwenziwa ngokwamanqanaba amabini.

unit yomlomo iquka: nobuchule, isigama, ubuchule arithmetic, ezifana, ulwazi kunye nemfuno.

Kolu vavanyo lo iinguqulelo scale, kuba indlu yezilwanyana, iigrafiki phezulu, labyrinths, iibhloko beesekethe nezejometri ukwakha - hexahedron Kossa.

"Izindululo" lathatyathelw 'abalinganiswa ngentloko "kule block, leyo zithathwa WISC, bona nokuba endaweni naluphi na uvavanyo ngomlomo, okanye isetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Subtest "indlu yezilwanyana" ithathwa endaweni "ufihlo" le WISC kwaye iquka amakhadi ngomfanekiso inja, inkuku, intlanzi kunye neekati. Umntwana ubeka izindlu ngokungqinelana isitshixo.

neemeko zazo

Xa kwenkululeko ngokwasengqondweni zovavanyo abantwana inkqubo yokufunda ziqale kuphela emva kokuba lokukhuthazwa bewadi. Ke kuphela abantwana Wechsler test Bonisa iziphumo zokwenyani. Kuyimfuneko ukuzama ukubeka umntwana omhle, esebenzisa uncumo kunye nokudala sengqondo esihle.

Umntwana kufuneka uzive ngathi iimviwo. Amangeno kule uvavanyo kufuneka ibe ngendlela playful. Imibuzo uqulunqe pronunciation ecacileyo kwaye ichanekile. Zonke iimpendulo, ngaphandle ngokucacile negative, kufuneka bakhuthazwe. iimpendulo abangaphumelelanga simunce, kunye cwaka, ingcali umntwana kufuneka sikhuthaze ukuba akhawunti. Ngu umsebenzi olandelayo akuthethi de sifumane impendulo lowo wangaphambili. Xa ukuphikisana kuyimfuneko ukukhetha ilungelo phambili imibuzo "njani?". Imibuzo eyongezelelekileyo kule meko zizinto ezingabalulekanga, ekubeni babeka abantwana nemeko enzima.

Kunokwenzeka yaye olu khetho, xa umntwana wenza umsebenzi ngokungachanekanga. Emva koko ke ngengqondo novavanyo zikwenza kubonakale ngathi wayengazange waphawula oko, usondeze umntwana wakho ukuba uyacinga ngawo impendulo umbuzo olandelayo. Emva kokuba impumelelo aphendula uvavanyo kwisifundo esilandelayo sibonisa ukuba sibuyele kumbuzo yangaphambili.

Indlela abantu abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-16, kaloku, lakudlula uvavanyo umntwana Wechsler omdala efanayo ngokupheleleyo, kunye uhlengahlengiso ezincinane ngenxa yobudala.

Ukutolikwa iziphawuli ezingezizo ezomlomo of version eyoonyana uvavanyo

IQ (Wechsler test) kuhlalutywa usebenzisa okuza. Kubalulekile ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekuphuculeni amacandelo non-ngomlomo umntwana. Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba isigulo lenta ibanzi kakhulu umda.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo ebuntwaneni zingatshintsha kakhulu xa ukutshintsha iimeko zokuphila, imfundo kunye nemfundo umntwana. Indlela template ayikho nako ukubonisa ngokupheleleyo ingqondo yomntu, ngokuba akukho ithathele ingqalelo imiba enefuthe ngayo kuphuhliso babenobuchule. Fair ukuthi ukuba IQ eliphezulu - akukho nto buchopho. badla Kuyenzeka ukuba abantu ingqondo ophezulu ayibonakali kuluntu, kunye ne-avareji - ukwenza impumelelo enkulu zobungcali. Isibakala sokuba impumelelo ixhomekeke ubukrelekrele ethile, ukuba nentsusa kwento yokucinga, imikhosi abalwela usukelo kunye nezinye izinto. Awunako ngokucacile kuthi ekupheleni kovavanyo kwi amathuba ngokwasengqondweni, uphuhliso umda mntwana. Oku ayamkelekanga ukusuka kwindawo yokuziphatha umbono.

Ukuchaneka inkcazo iziphumo zovavanyo

Kungenxa yesi sizathu, ukusuka kwengqondo ufuna ukuthamba elithile inkcazo yeziphumo, ebonisa inqanaba elisezantsi ngokwasengqondweni. Wechsler test ukutyhilwa busenza ukuba ubukho ubuchule transmission ezahlukeneyo zizonke. Xa kufika ixesha lokuba kubhengeza iziphumo ingcali kufuneka ukwenze oko ngaphandle unaloo kwinqanaba elisezantsi ingqondo, kunika ithemba lokuba umntu ekucebiseni naye sigcine apho, ukuze kuphuhliswe ngakumbi.