UVladimir Kramnik: i-biography kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo ebomini

UVladimir Borisovich Kramnik ngumdlali owaziwayo we- chess waseRashiya. Ungumlawuli wenene yemidlalo yendawo. Unqwenela ukwenza izikhundla ezivaliweyo, xa kunzima ukubala iintlobo zokuphuhliswa kweziganeko kubadlali. I-Kramnik yi-14 yehlabathi ye-chess. Ngokutsho kwakhe, oku akuyona imidlalo, kodwa ubugcisa bokwenene. Sekusebuncinaneni bakhe, eTuapse, apho i-chess player iVladimir Kramnik ivela khona, ayibetheli kuphela oontanga, kodwa nabo bonke abantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, abazali bakhe kunye nabaqeqeshi bakhe bokuqala baxela ikusasa elikhulu likaVladimir.

Usapho lwe Kramnik

UVladimir Kramnik wazalwa ngo-25. 06. 1975 kwisixeko saseTuapse. Unomzalwana omdala u-Eugene. Abazali babo ngabantu bokudala. Ubaba watadisha kwi-Art Academy waza waba ngumdwebi kunye nomculi. Umama waphumelela kwi-conservatory eLviv waza wasebenza njengomfundisi womculo. Okokuqala, abazali bakaVladimir no-Eugene baya eStvropol, apho abaqeshi bathembisa izakhiwo kunye "neentaba zegolide". Kodwa akuzange kusebenze, kwaye babuyela eTuapse, apho iVladimir Kramnik ivela khona.

Ubuntwana

Kwi-chess, iKramnik yaqala ukudlala ukususela ebuntwaneni. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-3 ubudala, wayebukele iqela lomntakwabo kunye noyise. Ngenye imini, ephawule ingqwalasela yomntwana, ubaba kaVladimir wancenga ngokukhawuleza ukuba ulungiselele iziqwenga ebhodini. Kwaye i-karapuz yazalisekisa ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi ngaphandle kwephutha. Kumbuzo omangalisa kayise, ingaba uyazi ukudlala, uVladimir waphendula ngokuthi "ewe." Emva kweveki kamva waxabela uyise.

Umqeqeshi wokuqala wokuqala we-chess player waba nguyise, owafundisa uVladimir ukuba adlale ngaphambi kokuba aneminyaka emine. Emva koko, waqala ukuya kwiklabhu ye-chess kwiNdlu yamaPhayona. Apho waqala ukulwa nabafana kuqala kwiklasi. Emva koko uVladimir uqeqeshe u-Grandmaster Tseshkovsky.

Xa wayeneminyaka ezisixhenxe, uVladimir Kramnik wathabatha 1 isikhundla. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-9 waba ngumbutho weManyano phakathi kwabafundi. Kwaye kwiminyaka eyi-10 yayithathwa njengomdlali ongcono kunazo zonke eTuapse.

Ukuqala kwendlela eya kwi-chess Olympus

Xa uVladimir eneminyaka eyi-11 ubudala, bahambisa intsapho yonke eMoscow, kwaye ngaphambili behlala eTuapse, apho umdlali we chess uVladimir Kramnik uvela khona. EMoscow wamenywa esikolweni sakhe uBotvinnikov, owamncedisa uqeqesho lukaHarry Garry Kasparov. Ngoko uVladimir waba ngumfundi wabadlali ababini abanamandla. Xa uneminyaka elilishumi elinanye, uKrnik uyakuba ngumviwa wezemidlalo. Kuthatha iminyaka emi-2, kwaye sele sele engumdlali wezemidlalo. Xa eneminyaka eyi-16 uyingqineli yehlabathi phakathi kwabancinane.

I-Chess Star

Ngoxinzelelo lukaKasparov ngo-1992, uKramnik osemncinci ufakwe kwiqela le-Russian national chess. UVladimir ulungelelanise ithemba lakhe kwaye wafumana amanqaku angama-8.5 kwezi-9. Emva koko wamkela "igolide": ngo-1992, 1994, 1996 no-2013.

Xa uneminyaka eyi-17 ubudala, iKramnik yalahlekelwa imifino emibili yokugqibela (kwi-FIDE kunye ne-PCA tournaments) ukuya eKamsky naseGelfand. Ukususela ngo-1995, uVladimir uqala ukuphumelela ngokuphinda amaninzi amancintiswano. Ngenxa yoko, eRussia wafika kwindawo yesibini emva kweKasparov. Ngo-2009, uKramnik waba ngumdlali wokuqala we-chess ukuphumelela amaxesha ama-10 eDortmund. Le mpumelelo yabhalwa kwiGuinness Book of Records.

Ukudibanisa kwesihloko seNdebe yeHlabathi

Indlela eya kwisihloko senkosi ye-Kramnik yayingavamile. Amanani amaninzi atyunjwe nabaphikisana nabo ngenxa yeengxaki ngemali kunye nokungavumelani. U-Kasparov unquma ukunceda uVladimir, unike i-duel kwaye ebeka imephu yakhe isihloko sobukhosi behlabathi. UHarry wayenesiqinisekiso sokuba uya kuphumelela, kwaye akazange angene kumdlalo wokudibanisa. Kodwa uVladimir Kramnik ngumdlali weeschess ovela kuThixo. Kwaye uKasparov ulahlekelwa, kwaye isihloko sakhe sidlulela kumdlali.

Ngo-2002, uVladimir wadlala umdlalo we-chess kunye neprogram ye-computer Deep Deep. Umdlalo uphelile kumgca. Ngo-2004, iKramnik walwa neHungary uPeter Leko kwaye wayenzima ukugcina isihloko se-world champion, eshiye ukutshatyalaliswa kumdlalo wokugqibela. Amanqaku angama-7: 7. Ukususela ngo-2004, impilo ye-Kramnik iyancipha ngenxa yesimo esingaqhelekanga sesifo se-arthritis oogqirha abafumene kumdlali we-chess. Akunamathuba amaninzi kwiindawo ezilishumi eziphezulu.

Ukulwa kwesihloko somdlali wehlabathi jikelele

Ngo-2006, umdlalo wawubanjwe phakathi kweKramnik kunye neTopalov ngenxa yecandelo leqhawe elipheleleyo. Umdlalo wenziwa e-Elista. Kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokwahlukileyo, kunye nantoni na, nangona ziganeko ezimbi, uVladimir Kramnik uzuze esi sihloko sinohlonipho, esichazwe ngobuninzi bezinto ezithintekayo kwiintlanzi ze-chess. Ukukhwela kwakhe kwesi sihloko kwahamba kunye nehlazo elikhulu.

I-Kramnik yayityholwa ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso zekhompyutha kunye nokutyelela rhoqo kwindlu yangasese. IKomidi yeziBheno yatshintshela isivumelwano sokulo mdlalo unilaterally kwaye oku kwaphula amalungelo kaVladimir. U-Kramnik akazange eze kwiqela njengophawu lokubhikisha. Kwaye wahlulwa.

Kodwa ukusuka emzabalazweni oqhubekayo uVladimir Kramnik akazange anqabe kwaye aqhubeke nokulwa. Iimidlalo zokuqala ezili-12 zaphela kumgca. Emva koko iKramnik yaphumelela ixesha lokuphumula. I-akhawunti jikelele ibonisa ukuba uyayithanda. Ngenxa yoko, waqatshelwa njengobunzima behlabathi. Ufumene umvuzo wesigidi sezigidi zeedola kunye nelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-FIDE 2007.

Ngomnyaka ka-2007, uKramnik wanikela isihloko somnye umdlali othethekileyo weTeskitha - uViswanathan Anand. Ngomhla kaDisemba waloo nyaka, i-rematch yabizwa, eyenzeka ngo-2008 kwaye iphelile kwakhona ngoyiso luka-Anand.

Ubomi bomntu weKramnik

Phakathi ne-90 iKramnik yayinomdla omfutshane kunye nomdlali weeshici waseSlovakia uEva Repkova. Esi sibini sasingazange sihanjiswe esidlangalaleni kwaye sasingafuni ukusibanjwa yi-paparazzi engaphandle. UmRoma waqala ngokuzithoba kwaye nje ngokuthobeka kwaye kungenasiphelo. U-Kramnik akazange amthande ukubeka ubomi bakhe kubomi bobuqu.

Emva koko ngo-2005 uVladimir wadibana nentatheli evela eFransi Marie-Laure Germont. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva badlala umtshato. Umtshato wawuthobekile. Akukho ndwendwe ezingaphezu kwama-40. Abantu abasondeleyo kuphela bomtshakazi nomyeni. Uyise kaVladimir Kramnik, ngelanga, akakwazi ukuza ngenxa yokugula, kodwa wathumela isipho (indlovu yesilivere ngamatye anqabileyo) kwonyana wakhe.

Ikhekhe lomtshato labasandul 'ukutshata lenziwe ngendlela yebhodi yee - chess kunye nemifanekiso yetshokolethi. Kwaye bahlelwa indlela ababemi ngayo xa iVladimir yaba ngumkhosi wehlabathi. Ekuqaleni abasanda kutshata bathetha isiNgesi. Ngoku umfazi kaVladimir uyazi isiRashiya kancane. Intombi ka Kramnik, uDaria, wazalwa ngo-2008, kunye nendodana kaVadim ngo-2013.