Truffaut Francois: i-biography, ubuciko, iingcaphuno, ifilimu

Omnye wabasunguli beli bakala kwihlabathi le-cinema, njenge "isiqulatho esitsha saseFransi", nguTruffaut Francois. I-Biography, indlela yokudala kunye nobomi bomntu bomdlali weqhawe eliphezulu, umlawuli wefilimu onetalente, umgcini we-screenwriter kunye nomvelisi uya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.

Kungekudala kuya kuba ngamashumi asibhozo anesine emva kokuzalwa kukaFrançois Truffaut. Kwaye nangona umlawuli engazange abe nathi iminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi amathathu, akusiyo isizathu sokukhumbula indlela yakhe yokudala? I-Truffaut ngumzekelo wendoda "eyadala yona." Wayengenabazali abazizityebi kunye nabathathi abanamandla. Kodwa waqonda iphupha lakhe lobuntwana - waqala ukwenza iifilimu. Kwaye kukho ngaphezu kwemashumi amathathu kwirekhodi likaTruffaut. Umsebenzi odumileyo kumdlali we-actor nguye owawunendima kaClaude Lacombe kwipayipi ethi "Iziganeko eziMfutshane zeDesithathu" (uSteven Spielberg, 1977). Futhi udumo lomlawuli weTruffaut lulethwe yifilimu ye-1973 "i-American Night", eyayinqoba i-Oscar yeFrancis External Film.

Ubuntwana

UTruffaut Francois wabona ukukhanya eParis ngoFebruwari 6, 1932. Wayengumntwana ongekho mthethweni, kwaye unina, uJeanine de Montferrand, akazange afune ukutyhila igama loyise wakhe. Yena ngokwakhe usebenze njengobhala kwiphephandaba i-Illustratsion. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa komntwana, wamnikela ekunakekeleni umhlengikazi wokuqala, waza umama wakhe, uGenevieve de Montferrand. Ekupheleni kowe-1933, unobhala usetshatile. Okhethiweyo wakhe nguRoland Truffaut, umculi wekampani yokwakha. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1934, inkwenkwe yabelelwa isibini esasweleka emva kweenyanga ezimbini. URoland Truffaut wamkela uFrancois omncinane waza wamnika igama. Nangona kunjalo, kwigumbi elihluphekayo lomqashi wayengenamnye indawo kumntwana. Waphoqeleka ukuba alale kwi-corridor, ngoko ke wakhetha ukuhlala nogogo wakhe, owayehlala kwisithili sesithoba seParis. KwakunguGenevieve de Montferrand owafaka umzukulu wakhe uthando lomboniso we-cinema, umculo kunye neencwadi.

Ubutsha

Ugogo wafa xa uTruffaut Francois ephendulela iminyaka elishumi ubudala. Emva koko, wanyanzeliswa ukuba ahlale kwindawo yokuhlala. Xa uFrancois efumene idayari yakhe, kwaye kuphela kule ndlela yafumanisa ukuba uRoland wayengenguyise. Oku akuzange kumkhathaze le nkwenkwe. Sekudala ekhulile, ngo-1968, uFrancois wabuyela kwi-arhente yecala lobucala kunye nesicelo sokufumana uyise ongokoqobo. Ukuphanda abacuphi baveze ukuba wayengumnye u-Roland Levi, umJuda owayevela ePortugal, owazalelwa eBayonne waza wasebenza kwi-thirties njengedokotela wamazinyo eParis. Utata wezinto eziphilayo wabuhlungu kakhulu ngexesha le-fascist esebenzayo eFransi, waza watshata ngo-1949 kwaye unabantwana ababini.

Njengomntwana osemtsha, uFrançois uzama ngokungabonakali kangako ukuba aye ekhaya aze achithe ixesha elithile esitalato kunye nabahlobo. Ngeminyaka elinesibhozo, emva kokubukela ifilimu ka-Abel Hans "iParadesi Elahlekile," wagqiba kwelokuba adibanise isithuba sakhe kunye ne-cinema. Wayehlala eqaqa iiklasi, kwaye eneminyaka elishumi elinesibini waphuma esikolweni ngokupheleleyo.

Truffaut Francois: Ukudala

Le nsizwa yayingenayo imali okanye inxibelelwano. Ukuze ngandlela-thile ajoyine i-movie ye-cinema, ubhala amanqaku athi "Cahiers du Cinema". Eli phephancwadi lasekwa ngumgxeki odumileyo u-André Bazin. Ngokunye noTruffaut, enye insizwa, uJean-Luc Godard, ibhala kwakhona kwiCinematographic Notebook. Bobabini abalobi abanezakhono baphinda baqaphela abalawuli. Xa uTruffaut waphendukela kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu, wayishiya ifilimu yakhe yokuqala-"Ukutyelela" (1954). Emva koko landela amateyipu "Usizi" kunye ne "History of water". Le nxalenye yokugqibela yayibhaliwe yi-Zh. Godard noFrançois Truffaut. Imifanekiso yecandelo lomsebenzi waloo mlawuli uqala nge "ezine Beats" (1959). I-albhamu yokuqala yokuzalisa i-Truffaut ayiyiyo kuphela "iSebe leMigqabantsha" kwiMidlalo yeMidlalo yeCannes, kodwa kunye nodumo lwehlabathi. Kwaye, ekubeni le filimu ihamba ngokwemigangatho ethile, kufuneka siyiqwalasele ngakumbi.

U-Antoine Doanel ungumlawuli we-ego

Igama elithi "Four Hits" ligama. NgesiRashiya, ihambelana "namanzi, umlilo kunye nobhedu." Ngokuvavanywa okukhulu kwakuyinkwenkwe eneminyaka elishumi elinanye ubudala, idlala ngumdlali omncinci uJean-Pierre Leo. Ootitshala bacinga ukuba u-Antoine Duanel unomdla kunye noxhaphaza, kwaye abazali bakhe abamhlawuli nto. Ngoko ke, inzondo ebunzima yintsholongwane eneempembelelo. UAntoine Duanel ubalekela esikolweni, wenza indlela yakhe kwi-cinema kunye ne "hares" kwaye ujabulele iifilimu. Ufakwa kwisikolo sokubhankanya isikolo sokuvalwa, kodwa ukusuka apho uya kukwazi ukubaleka. Emva kwefilimu, uTruffaut Francois wagqiba ukuxabana nabazali bakhe, kuba kungekhona nje kuphela (kodwa nabamelwane) bafumaneka lula kumgca oyintloko womlawuli owahlala emva kweemifanekiso. Kodwa ifilimu yazisa ibhaso e-Cannes, udumo lwehlabathi kunye ne-cashashi enkulu. Kwaye ke, u-Jean-Pierre Leo okhulile wayenenkqantosi kwindoda efanayo no-Antoine Duanele kwizinto ezine zokudweba zikaTruffaut: "UAntoine noColette", "Ukubanjwa kweNtshontsho", "Intsapho yaseNtshonalanga" kwaye "Ubalekile Uthando" (1962-1979).

"I-Wave yaseFransi entsha"

Ngaphandle kwempumelelo ephawulekayo ye-tape ye-autobiographical "I-Beats ezine", kunye ne-excavator "Shoot the Pianist" uhlobo (kunye noCharles Aznavour), ulawulo olutsha kwi-cinema lwathethwa kuphela emva kokukhishwa kwefilimu epheleleyo yesithathu epheleleyo - "UJules noJim "(1961). Unxantathu wothando wawudlala ngokugqithiseleyo ngabalingisi uHenri Serre, u-Oscar Werner noJeanne Moreau. Umfanekiso ukhunjulwa ngabaphulaphuli kunye ne-soundtrack enhle, kwaye ixesha lidibanise kwi-TOP "Ifilimu ezilikhulu ezingapheliyo". Emva koko abahlaziyi befilimu baqala ukuthetha malunga "ne-New Wave French". Iimpawu zale yangoku zazama ukuveza nguFrancois Truffaut. Iingcaphuno zeengxelo zakhe zibhekiselele kwinto yokuba ifilimu imele ihlale igcina umbukeli. Iimpendulo, isandi - konke oku kuhambelanayo kweso drama, edlalwa kwindlela yokulinganisa abadlali. Enyanisweni, umlawuli unqabile ukuphefumlelwa kubaphathi beefilimu ezingenanto. Isithixo seTruffaut yayiyiHitchcock. Lo mlawuli akazange avumele ukuhanjiswa kwimisebenzi yakhe. Kwaye ke ngenxa yoko, abaphulaphuli bayathandwa yizinto ezenzeka kwesikrini, de kube kukhanya kukhanyise kwi-cinema.

Ukusebenza

I-Truffaut Francois enqabileyo kwifilimu ethi "Umntwana Osendle" (1969), apho wadlala khona uDkt. Jean Itar. Le nxaxheba ayizange ifumane impumelelo enkulu, kodwa eyalandelayo-"eMelika yaseMelika" - yaqwalasela uluntu. Udumo lwabahlaziyi befilimu luye lwabangelwa nguTruffaut ekwenzeni ifilimu ye-Spielberg ethi "Iziganeko Ezikufutshane ZesiGanga Esithathu," apho ebenziwa khona eClaude Lacombe. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, enye indima kunye nendima yokugqibela - uJulienna Daven kwi-tepi "igumbi elihlaza" (1978). Ngendlela, umlawuli wayekuthanda ukubonakala kwiifilimi zakhe, ephosa phakathi kwezinto ezifana neendoda ezifunda iphephandaba kwi-terrace ye-cafe, ibe ngumdluli. I-Truffaut yamkela kwingxoxo-ndlebe ukuba elolu hlobo lululo lwaguqulwa lwaba yintlupheko. Kamva, umlawuli, enqwenela inhlanhla kwifilimu yakhe, wazama ukungena kwisakhelo seminqaku emihlanu yokuqala.

Impumelelo kunye nokungaphumeleli

Musa ukucinga ukuba indlela yokudala kaFrançois Truffaut yahlanganiswa ne roses. Kwakukho ameva kule ndlela. Ngoko, ifilimu ethi "Gentle Skin" (1964), apho uDade Catherine Deneuve yabonakala khona, yayingenakuphika. Kodwa umfanekiso olandelayo - ukulungiswa kwebali likaBradbury "451 ° Fahrenheit" - ubuyiselwa umlawuli emehlweni karhulumente. "I-American Night" yakhupha ngokukhawuleza kwaba ngabakhethiweyo abane "Oscar". UTruffaut, owathi, ngokwesiko sakhe, wayengumlawuli kunye nomdlali (uFranran), wathola isiteyimu esisodwa - sokuba "Ifilimu eFundisayo yangaphandle". "I-metro yokugqibela" iphumelele i-"Cesars" elishumi kuphela - umvuzo ohloniphekileyo waseFransi kwi-cinema. Kodwa kufuneka sihlawule umklamo weenkwenkwezi. Ifilimu yenkwenkwezi uGerard Depardieu noCatherine Deneuve. "Ummelwane" - ifilimu ephambili yeTruffaut. Kule tape, u-Depardieu noFanny Ardan bavele. Eli phephancwadi kwakhona lafumana uthando loluntu kunye neendumiso zabagxeki befilimu.

Truffaut Francois: ubomi bomntu

Umlawuli wenkomfa kamva wayenomdla kakhulu. Yaye wahlala ngaloo ndlela bonke ubomi bakhe. Uthando lwakhe lokuqala kwakunguLillian, owamthandayo uthando ngokumfutshane. Sekuneminyaka eli-18 ubudala wayenombolo (nangona ayiphumelelanga) nonobhala uGenevieve Santen. Xa uyise owayengumntakwabo ebeka uFrancois kwisikhululo sokulungiswa kwabaselula, wahamba kunye noMademoiselle Rickers, owayesebenza apho njengengcali yeengqondo. Kwaye kwakukho intsebenziswano kunye noLilian Litvin, kunye noTruffaut ahlangene ndawonye ngenxa yothando lwe-cinema. Emva koko uluhlu lukaDon Juan lwalukhuliswa yiNtaliyane uLaura Murray. Ngomkhosi wefilimu yaseVenice, umlawuli omncinane wadibana nentombi yomvelisi uMadeleine Morgenstern. Watshata naye ngo-1957. UMadeleine wamnika iintombi ezimbini, kodwa ngo-1965 loo mbhangqwana washawula. Iilwimi ezimbi zaxelwa ukuba umtshato kunye noMadeleine wawusekelwe kuphela ekubaleni-ngokwenene umkhwe-ntatheli uxhaswe ngeTruffaut ngemali ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe kwi-cinema. Kodwa, mhlawumbi, uMadeleine wondla ngeencwadana ezininzi zikaFrancois, kwaye ngokwakhe - ukuziva unetyala phambi komkakhe.

Ukufa komlawuli

Ngoko ke kwathiwa phantse bonke abadlali ababetha inkwenkwezi kwiifilimu zaseTruffaut, ngokuqinisekileyo waba ngabafazi bakhe. Oku kwenzeka kunye no-Marie-France Pisier, owadlala indima kaColette kwi "Uthando kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini," kunye noBernadette Laffon kwiqela elithi "Izibilini". Uluhlu lweentliziyo zabasetyhini abaphulaphuleyo ngumlawuli ngethuba elide le-filmography. I-Truffaut Francois noCatherine Deneuve badibene kwi-set of "iMetro Metro". Incwadana yayinobudlova kangangokuba umdlali wecala wavuma ukuba nomntwana kumthandi wakhe. Kodwa oku kwakungenakucingelwa ukuba kwenzeke. Kodwa u-Fanny Ardan ongumdlali weqhinga emva kokufayiliza "Abavakalisi" banikezela umlawuli indodakazi. Kodwa xa uFrancois egula ngesifo somhlaza wengqondo, wayethatyathwa ngumfazi wakhe, uMadeleine Morgenstern. Wafa eTruffaut ngo-Oktobha 21, 1984 kwidolophu yaseParis Neuilly-on-the-Seine. Kwimangcwaba yeMontmartre kwafika bonke abafazi abathandayo.