UStanisław lulo kunye inoveli yakhe "Solaris"

th 1961 kwaphawulwa kuphela kokuba abantu bokuqala emajukujukwini, kodwa into yokuba inoveli "Solaris" lwapapashwa okokuqala ngomnyaka. Umbhali le mveliso fantastic yaba ngumbhali Polish imvelaphi yamaYuda UStanisław lulo. "Solaris" wabumisela ukuze sibe nje kuphela edume yemisebenzi umbhali, kodwa ushiye uphawu abayibo- kuncwadi kwamnandi zehlabathi.

UStanisław lulo - umbhali yenoveli "Solaris"

UStanisław lulo, okanye njengoko balibiza kwi UStanisław lulo kwilizwe, wazalwa kwisixeko Ukrainian saseLviv, ngelo xesha wayevela ePoland. Ebuntwaneni yombhali elizayo khona. Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, i UStanisław oselula abanyuliweyo kwezonyango waza waya kufunda amayeza kwiYunivesithi eLviv. Nangona kunjalo, kunye kokuqhambuka Second World War, lulo kwanyanzeleka ukuba aphume esikolweni kwaye ufumane umsebenzi kopi.

Umbhali nabazali bakhe yamaYuda. Noko ke, abazange bakwazi eSiberia entolongweni kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ngenxa amaxwebhu zomgunyathi.

Emva kwemfazwe, eLviv yaba yinxalenye ye-USSR, kwaye bu-, a Pole, kwanyanzeleka ukuba emke kwidolophu yakowabo aye Krakow. Apha ke waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe i Jagiellonian University.

I-heavy imivuzo Ixesha post-ukulwa UStanisław esi- ayemancinane. Ukuze imali engaphezulu ngexesha lawo lingabi nanceba, umsebenzi esemthethweni, waqala ukubhala amabali zamabali amafutshane. Kungekudala lulo italente wayexatyiswa, inxalenye olongezelelweyo iye msebenzi wakhe uphambili.

Ngowe-1951, umbhali ipapashe ezinkulu umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala - ekwincwadi "oosomajukujuku". Lo msebenzi wenza esi- eyaziwa nje kuphela Poland kodwa ehlabathini lonke. "Usomajukujuku" iguqulelwe kwezinye iilwimi yaye ngokufuthi ishicilelwe.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, oku kushiya iqashiso zombhali. Iinoveli "Magellanic Cloud", "uphando", "Eden", "Ukubuya ukusuka Iinkwenkwezi", "Memoirs Found in a ebhafini", "yoyiswe," "ilizwi likaYehova", "Qatar" kunye nabanye. Kumjikelo ka amabali ahlekisayo malunga "The Star Diaries," adventures ngusomajukujuku, ingqokelela zezincoko, "Incoko yababini", ibali elihlekisayo "I Invasion ukusuka Aldebaran." Series "Tales iirobhothi" amabali, "The Cyberiad," "ezimnandi zika Pirx i Pilot", "yanto ngokupheleleyo 'yaye kakhulu ngakumbi. Phakathi imisebenzi umbhali njengento inoveli ngokuphila ngobuntwana eLviv "High Castle" kwaye idumileyo ehlabathini yentanda ekwincwadi "Solaris".

Umbhali uye wasweleka ngoMatshi 2006, ukususela iingxaki intliziyo waza wangcwatyelwa Krakow.

Isishwankathelo inoveli "Solaris"

Kwixa elizayo, abantu baza ngenkuthalo okhulayo isithuba. Ezingaphezu kwenye elinamanci mathathu iminyaka phambi kokuba umhlaba mbaliso Solaris kuye kwafunyaniswa zizazinzulu. Ekuqaleni, abantu bacinga ukuba kuyo. Noko ke, abantu bafunda ukuba kiseleobrazny kolwandle, nesigubungelo yonke komhlaba iplanethi - ngumphefumlo ophilileyo. Bakuvuyela abantu baza baqalisa ukukhangela indlela ukuqhagamshelana nale ngcinga. Kodwa ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, kwaye ukuba kube njalo ayiphumelelanga.

Kwisikhululo uphando Solaris kuza umsebenzi omtsha - ngengqondo Chris Kelvin. Ukuziphatha abanye abasebenzi station - Snauta kunye Sartorius - kubonakala engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, igosa Gibaryan wesithathu ogama ngaphambi kokufika uChris wazibulala.

Kelvin akazange abe nexesha ukugaya yonke iindaba, akwaziwa apho yakhe ex-nentombi ivela Hari. Noko ke, oku akuyi kuba, njengoko waba ukuzibulala kanye abazinikeleyo. Zonke iinzame ukuba balahle Chris Hari aluphumeleli - ibuyele kwakhona kwaye kwakhona. Kungekudala kwengqondo efumanise ukuba ilungu ngalinye crew i "undwendwe" efanayo olungamenywanga yexesha elidlulileyo. Nokuba litshatshazi, laba ixesha xa abantu bafunde Solaris, umhlaba, nabo, waqala nokuqhuba "imifuniselo" phezu abaphandi zabo. Ukuze wenze oku, oko materializes izinto iinkumbulo ezikrakra elihlazo yabantu isahlala emhlabeni.

Calvin abanale nabo bethatha efuna indlela bahlukane 'iindwendwe' zabo, ngokuba umfanekiso wabo. Noko ke, abazange ukusebenza. Ngelo xesha, uChris uqalisa kunamathela Hari, nekungoku ingxamele yabantu ngakumbi yaye kungekudala uqikelela malunga ngemvelaphi yabo. Eqonda ukuba lo, uye azame ukuzibulala, kodwa yena akazange aphume.

Kungekudala Kelvin liyayeka ukuba bakhangele indlela yokuyitshabalalisa Hari. Kodwa namaqabane akhe intombazana kuqhubeka uphando ngasese. Zakwazi ukuba baphumelele nokuba uya kubatshabalalisa bonke iziporho kwisikhululo, kuquka Hari.

UChris ocaphukileyo kakhulu ngenxa yale ilahleko. oogxa bakhe wayesoyika ukuba uza kwenza into irhashalala - ukuqhushumba umhlaba okanye ukuzibulala. Kodwa nzulu zokwazisela isiganeko, Kelvin ugqiba ukuba ahlale phezu yokhanyiso ngelanga kunye nomsebenzi uphando.

Imbali yokubhala inoveli

I inoveli "Solaris" wayengekho imisebenzi yokuqala enkulu yamabali lulo. Noko ke, oko waqalisa ukuhamba kude umbhali imifanekiso nephupha ikamva, obabuthandwa irobhothi lakhe ngaphambili.

Kwindawo engundoqo ye "Solaris" kubhaliweyo ehlotyeni ka-1959, xa UStanisław esi- sikwiholide kumazantsi ePoland. Kodwa xa ebuya ekhaya, umbhali yaphosa umbhalo-ngqangi engagqitywanga phantse unyaka. Ngowe-1960, lulo ugqiba ukuba kusekho agqibe i inoveli "Solaris". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, egqibile isahluko sokugqibela, kunye nokuhlela itekisi ebhaliweyo ngaphambili. Ngowe-1961, enye inoveli epapashwe ePoland, yaye kwiminyaka elandelayo kulo sebeqala ukuba aguqulele kwezinye iilwimi.

Njengoko wabhala kamva kwiincwadi zakhe ngokuphila kwakhe lulo, ezininzi izinto inoveli yakhe "Solaris" waba ukuyichaza kuye. Xa usebenza inoveli, umbhali maxa wambi kwabonakala ukuba omnye umntu esixelela ukuba abhale njani kwaye yintoni.

version screen

Ngowe-1963 watshintshelwa ngolwimi Russian "Solaris". I inoveli wavuya gqitha abafundi Soviet ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu kuphela emva kokupapashwa iinjongo zakhe yathathwa TV kunye Vasiliem Lanovym Ifaka khona.

Ngowe-1972, Andrei Tarkovsky wathabatha movie ngokupheleleyo kwi inoveli ngu lulo kunye Donatas Banionis njengoko Kelvin. Ngelo xesha, umbhali yenoveli ezimbini kakubi ngayo le zokwazisela of "Solaris" Tarkovsky, esithi ukuba umlawuli enkulu ayizange ukuqonda icebo lakhe.

Ekuqaleni senkulungwane ezimbini UStanisław esi- wacela ifilimu inoveli yakhe Hollywood. Emva kokuba ukusilela umbhali Tarkovsky madolw 'anzima, kodwa wavuma. Kwaye ngo-2002 kwi izikrini ngaphandle kukhubazeko wesithathu inoveli "Solaris". Ngelishwa, kwafumaniseka ukuba abe waqhela ngakumbi ukusuka imifanekiso eshukumayo yokuqala kunokuba 1972.

Ngowe-2016 uphawula engama-55 ukususela kokupapashwa incwadi Stanislava lama, "Solaris". I inoveli kule minyaka ongazange alahlekelwe ukufaneleka kwayo kwaye kusaqhubeka kubangel 'imincili iingqondo izizukulwana ezintsha ngakumbi abafundi.