Uphi womzobo "Mona Lisa" (La Gioconda)

Imbali womzobo "Mona Lisa" ochaphazelekayo akukho sizukulwana yabantu olunye. ULeonardo da Vinci waqalisa umsebenzi wobugcisa wakhe ongenakufa malunga 1503. Le artist apeyintwe umzobo umfazi a sale osisityebi ogama Francesco Giocondo. Girl ogama Mona uLisa. mizobo igama Second - "La Gioconda" - njenge abaphulaphuli kufutshane ngokubanzi. Sele ababephila wasazisa inkosi umzobo kwinqanaba eliphezulu. ethandwa mfanekiso kakhulu kangangokuba kwixa elizayo lokubhala yakhe ebhaliweyo iintsomi ubeke phambili iingcamango ezahlukeneyo.

Indlela ekhangeleka ngayo

Yintoni i "Mona Lisa"? Inkcazelo iquka indalo ongafiyo ineenkalo ka 77 nge oyile Umfanekiso 53 cm ebhaliweyo kwi emhlophe, nezom .. Lo mzobo umfazi lowo ehleli esitulweni. Le ibekwe kuloo mhlaba. In umfanekiso balo wayengengombukeli itsalela inkangeleko - engaqhelekanga yayo, nangona rhoqo iliso inkangeleko simbona obubonakala ukuhlakanipha. Kodwa i puzzle nokuba enkulu khona Mona Lisa uncumo edumileyo. Yena ngokulambisa perceptible, kunye nentsingiselo yalo kubonakala ukuba ukutyibilika kude nomntu ozijonga lo mfanekiso. Yiyo le elusiveness wongeza kumfanekiso into kudala umnqweno ukukhangela kuwo kwakhona kwaye kwakhona.

Kwihlabathi yobugcisa kukho bambalwa kakhulu portraits ezinokuthi xa kuthelekiswa kwi "uMona Lisa" amandla ibinzana yoluntu Agqitha umanyano uqondwe nabalinganiswa. Uphi womzobo "Mona Lisa," Umoya imfihlelo kunye imfihlakalo. Famous elichaza da Vinci yahlukile kwezinye lonke umfanekiso eyayikrolwe kwexesha Quattrocento yengqondo ngokungaqhelekanga ityala.

Ukususela "Mona Lisa" kuza ingqiqo ngamandla, nto leyo badibanise somgquba imvo inkululeko kunye nengqeqesho ngaphakathi. Smiling ibhinqa akukho ndlela unika ukungahoywa okanye kobuzwe. Kubonwa ngenxa epheleleyo ukuzeyisa yaye ezolile self-ukuzithemba.

World udumo

"Mona Lisa" (original) kuya kubakho ixesha elide eyaziwa kuphela ephucukileyo kunye Connoisseur zobugcisa ocoliweyo, ukuba lwenzeke ibali elinye emangalisayo, okunyusileyo ihlabathi edumileyo ukuthandwa web.

Ukususela ekuqaleni wobugcisa ngenkulungwane XVI yiwebhu yokuqokelelwa yasebukhosini. Apha ke ngenxa uFrancis I, wayithengayo emva kokufa Leonardo. Ngowe-1793, lo mfanekiso yafakwa kwi Louvre. Abantu abaninzi bayazi imyuziyam njengendawo apho kumzobo "Mona Lisa". Kodwa ke umbuzo ngoku ngalo.

Ngoko ke, i "Mona Lisa" ngendlela ebonisa ngokubaluleka zesizwe yaye zisoloko kuphela Louvre. Ngowe-1911 (21 August) kwi imyuziyam Vincenzo Perugia, kukho inkosi nezipili evela eItali wayiba lo mfanekiso. Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho namnye yaye akazange ukuphatha ukufumana phandle i injongo yokwenene swonghasi abazinikeleyo. Mhlawumbi Vincenzo wayefuna ukubuyela womzobo kwilizwe yayo zembali. Emva kweminyaka emibini eItali, kwafunyanwa ukupeyinta. Thola umfanekiso wanceda yena Perugia, waphendula ukuya ad ndaba, waza wagqiba ukuthengisa "uMona Lisa." Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 1914, "Mona Lisa" wabuyela Louvre.

Le mfihlelo Umntu

Kunzima ukuchonga nenekazi kubonisiwe kwi ngelaphu. Ngesi sihlandlo, ibhalwa yeengcinga ezininzi zinokuphikiswa. Abaphandi bengavumelani. Amarhamente yemibono ezahlukeneyo wabeka phambili nkcazelo zilandelayo malunga ungubani Mona Lisa: abanye babo bakholelwa ukuba Isabella of Este. Okwesibini - ukuba umfanekiso umfana iingubo mfazi. Abanye nabavumayo yokuba ukuba umfazi amanene sale del Giocondo. Bathi kwakhona ukuba eyona intombazana entle, okanye eyakho self-elichaza da Vinci.

Imfihlakalo "Mona Lisa" ayikaziwa namhlanje. Ngowe-1517, inkosi enkulu watyelela Cardinal Louis of naseAragon. Unobhala Baba wachaza intlanganiso. Wabhala ukuba uLeonardo da Vinci, Louis wabonisa abathathu ngemizobo yakhe. Ngomhla enye umfanekiso sale nenekazi, eyabhalwa kunye nohlobo lwezikhalazo Dzhuliano Medichi. Kwimeko yesibini wawubonisa ubuso oselula Ioanna Krestitelya. Womzobo wesithathu wajika umfanekiso of St. Anne noMariya kunye noYesu usana.

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi ukuba i sale lady Mona Lisa. Kodwa mhlawumbi ke kunye nayiphi na enye ifoto, ukusuka apho akukho iikopi ekhohlo, kwaye ubungqina nkqu kuyo. Ngoko ke, i Medici akunakwenzeka ukuba nantoni na enokuthanani "Mona Lisa."

Fumana umfanekiso

Uphi womzobo "Mona Lisa" yaziwa kubo bonke abemi umhlaba wethu. Wamphatha kwi Louvre. Nganye iintonga zokwalatha lwembali ikhokelela kanye kule umkhondo. kamabonwakude Japanese ezafumaneka ebhotwe bathenga umfanekiso kwigumbi yonke. Nomfanekiso ngokwaso egubungele isikrweqe zamafu. Ecaleni umfanekiso kusoloko iperi abalindi, apha nemikhanzi iindwendwe ezininzi. "Mona Lisa" ungabona kuphela Louvre, kwaye ayikho enye. Embindini le wobugcisa kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kabini abawathabathayo lwembali, kodwa ulawulo yeziko yagqiba ekubeni ungaze ukuthwala "Mona Lisa" ngaphesheya. Ukuba inxalenye Louvre, ekuthiwa Denon (Denon), iholo wesixhenxe yokudweba eItali, baqhayise eludongeni yakhe Axhome ubuso abafazi abadumileyo kwimbali zobugcisa.

Abangasekhoyo, kusini na namathunzi

Izazinzulu kulo lonke ihlabathi lingenako yehla, ukuzama ukusombulula intsinda-badala iimfihlakalo lo mfanekiso "Mona Lisa" (imyuziyam, apho, ngasentla). Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, baye babhenela ukusetyenziswa kwe-X reyi, ukuze siqonde indlela inkosi ukudala izithunzi kwi ngelaphu yakhe. Filipp Uolter kunye nabo bafunda imizobo ezisixhenxe yi da Vinci, phakathi kwawo "La Gioconda". -X ray zinika ithuba lokuhlola lo mfanekiso, ngaphandle kokonakalisa layers yepeyinti.

Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba uLeonardo zithandwa ubuchule wakhe ngemini "sfumato". Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ngokulalisa ukuguquka yebala okanye imithunzi kwi ngelaphu.

Into ezothusayo, uWalter ukuba mfanekiso akakwazi ukubona umnwe omnye, okanye ukunyhibhela i fingerprint. Yonke into yenziwe ngendlela elula kwaye ngoko hlalutya "Mona Lisa" aku- nzima.

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba uLeonardo babume ukukwazi ukusebenzisa zomaleko, nezinyuko kwawo nje ezimbini pitch micrometer nezinyuko iyonke akazange ngaphezulu kwe 30-40 microns.

An wobugcisa olukhulu

Yimalini ngoku! "Mona Lisa"? ixabiso layo akukho kumiselwa engamaphepha. Kodwa edume "La Gioconda" wangena kwi Guinness Book of Records njenge sheet, i-inshorensi ukuya sixa sikhulu. Ngowe-1962, sasifana ukuya kwenye lezigidi zeerandi. Kodwa namhlanje Louvre uchitha imali kwi-inshorensi, kodwa unogada. Thathela ingqalelo ukunyuka kwenzeka ngo-2006, esi sixa wayelingana kwakuza kufuneka izigidi 670 US zeerandi. Ngenxa yoko, nomfanekiso ka-Mona ULisa umzobo kweyona nto ibiza kakhulu ehlabathini.

eliyimfihlakalo

"Mona Lisa" kukho iqela lemibuzo. Omnye wabo - kutheni abasetyhini namashiya bengekho. Isiphelo XV - ekuqaleni kwinkulungwane elandelayo, eyaziwa ngokuba isimo ngoko namashiya kususwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba ukuba inenekazi kuboniswe kule ngelaphu, elandelwa zonke iintsingiselo isimbo, nangenxa nasemashiyini akhe ekwancothulwa. Kodwa i injineli evela waseFransi Pascal Côté sithi namashiya kwakhe babesaphila.

Ukusebenzisa isithwebuli ultramodern, abaphengululi wenza ikopi imizobo, eyabonisa imikhondo iintshiyi. Pascal Qiniseka ukuba ezi imivumbo zaye ekuqaleni, kodwa kamva zingacimeka.

Izizathu oku kuba injongo ngokugqithiseleyo banenzondelelo ekulondolozeni wobugcisa. Kuba kwamakhulu amahlanu, lo ngelaphu isoloko ucocwe, ngenxa yokuba izinto ezincinane kulo lula zingacimeka.

iinzame abangaphumelelanga at ukubuyiselwa "Mona Lisa" ubizwa ngokuba Kote njenge "ilahleko" of iintshiyi. Kodwa ke akukacaci ukuba zonke efanayo ke unyamalale ngokupheleleyo.

amehlo okungenani enye

Uphi womzobo "Mona Lisa" sele kwaziwa ukuba umfundi. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, wonke umntu ufuna ubuncinane kanye ebomini bakhe, bemgama, kodwa ukubona yokuqala, leyo ndiloyisile ihlabathi. Lo mfanekiso ibamba iimfihlelo ezininzi iiphazili, oko nje akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuzama ukucombulula ubuncinane omnye kubo. Kodwa ke akwenzeki nakubani. Bonke bephela baziwa kuphela Leonardo, ababathimbayo kunye naye, eshiya izizukulwana ezizayo iqhina kunye wobugcisa yayo olukhulu ukungafi.