Francisco Goya: kaMnu. Francisco Goya: biography

Francisco Goya (1746-1828) - ngomzobi iSpanish, wangena ngembali yelizwe zabo opeyintayo omkhulu, ezazingakholelwa iziseko yobuntu bamandulo ebonisa kulo, ukukhanya kwayo yokwenene buhlungu lo esichengeni, nazo zonke iimpazamo kunye iziphene.

Francisco Goya: Portrait wegcisa

Dark, ubuso puffy kancinane, enentsingiselo, uphaphile zizele impoxo ngamehlo enzima, ngubani akubheka menacingly ngaphandle amashiya, nentloko enkulu - le self-mfanekiso kumbukeli ubona lo ngumzobi. Lomfana ebomini - umninindlu ngebrashi, umntu odiniweyo, wacinga kakhulu, yaye okubaluleke ukuqonda iinyaniso ubukho babantu. Ngokuqonda ngononophelo wakroba ehlabathini, Goya wabona ku lawula oko ubuxoki, baziziyatha, ubandlululo, iinkolelo, leyo, bacaphuka buboniswa imisebenzi yakhe. Le mizobo Fransisko Goyya - a uvuthondaba elikhulu kuluntu, kunye ubuthathaka kunye nobuthathaka yayo.

Ngexesha ubomi lo abanamakhono yaseSpain akayi wayesaziwa ngaphandle kwilizwe labo. Kwabaseleyo kwehlabathi oko kwavulwa phakathi romance French ngenkulungwane XIX, leyo abanomdla kwiincwadi zamabali nenzululwazi indalo yakhe. Uqikelelo ubuchule Goya ngokuphindaphindiweyo zatshintsha. Kuba iingcali mihla ayikho kuphela umdali imifanekiso, bayo kwamnandi, kodwa kananjalo inkosi enkulu ubuciko yokwenene. Le mizobo Fransisko Goyya, okanye amkele okanye ukwamkela; kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuhlela akanankathalo nakanye.

Umsebenzi yokuqala wegcisa

Ngenxa unekhono oselula yaseSpain wasondela olunye, kunye boyish, baluka kwindalo zabo imibongo emangalisayo azalwe style ngamnye - isimbo Fransisko Goyya. Mizobo ngabo udlulisele brush magic, kuba abazi ngamandla akhe, kwaye lonwabela ngayo. Imveliso "Umbrella" - umzekelo yokuqala yomsebenzi womzobi - itsala amehlo umdlalo imibala, brushstroke nganye, umfazi bhetyebhetye zaziwa, amanzi futhi ngqindilili imibala kwiplanga elimcambalala le ebengezelayo, izibane iintsomi kunye nokuhambisana ezinye phantse lomculo nokwakheka. Ukuyazi le ndalo (iincopho yokuqala Goya) na crystal ecacileyo, emoyeni nangoku esibhakabhakeni, kwakunye kwiminyaka yokuqala lo abanamakhono yaseSpain. Amabali malunga Goya oselula zifana amavo ezibangel 'umdla, ungoyena usembindini apho yena. Zaragoza lomculi oselula Kwamacala ezingelwa ngenxa umlo kwindawo ngemini engcwele, abewenza. E Madrid, Francisco wafumana ukopha evela nesitshetshe, ngasemva, babeziindleko eSpeyin, yena eyayihamba kunye bullfighter bolo eItali - ilizwe apho opeyintayo kangangeminyaka eliqela ufunde ubuchule kukha - yakhwela phezu kwawo of St Peter yaye wajikeleza kwingcwaba uCecilia Inqwanqwa Metella.

Le mizobo Fransisko Goyya: A jonga kwi ubomi engaphakathi yoluntu

Francisco Goya wadala uthotho iphawulekayo etchings "Caprichos" (1793-1797), ezibandakanya imisebenzi 83, ubuninzi ekudluliseleni umoya nenkululeko leyinene, leyo wachaza ngamafuphi ngokuchanileyo: "Uxolo - a azenza, apho zonke ukukhohlisa, ufuna ibonakala kangaka ngubani ngokwenene ke. Akukho mntu owaziyo ngokwakhe. " Francisco José de Goya, ogama imizobo ziphakamisa imibuzo malunga ixesha elide elidluleyo - indoda yakwazi ukubona nzulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ephethe ngenxa nobuntu bakhe emsebenzini, ngowokuqala ukuba uve isandi ezikhulayo mihla, ngubani walwa ngeenxa zonke ubuxoki nokukhangela ukuba isiseko apho ikamva elingcono kufuneka kwakhiwe abantu bakubo.

Francisco Goya ke ukubukelwa yi basebukhosini abaninzi kakuhle wazalwa-Spanish. Waba lilungu le-Royal Academy of Arts, ngoko walo usekela-mlawuli kunye nomlawuli kamva kwisebe yokudweba. Ngowe-1786, Francisco Goya wamiselwa opeyintayo enkundleni.

Francisco Goya: Imizobo odumileyo

Bright master portraitist, wayizuza uzuko esemthethweni kule uhlobo kwi 80s kwenkulungwane XVIII, ngo-1792, Francisco Goya ugula kakhulu, ekhokelela yokungeva ngeendlebe. Yaba ngeli xesha linzima le ikhusi kuphela ubugcisa kuyo. Le artist yaqala ukuphepha abantu, kungarhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo abe yena, nokuqhubeka ukupeyinta eni.

Le mizobo yokuqala Fransisko Goyya kule uhlobo baba zemikhosi ( "Charles III ekuzingeleni"), ekuhambeni kwexesha ababufumene yesandi kunye isigqebelo eziphathekayo ngokunxulumene imifuziselo ( "Marquise Anna Pontehos", "osapho iNkosana Osuna"). Umbono omtsha ezikhona, igcisa kunye indlela yakhe ebalulekileyo kuyo ingalandwa kwimisebenzi yamva inkosi. Umzekelo, i "Portrait of the Royal Family" (1800) ichaza UCharles IV kunye nentsapho yakhe, ubuso prim kwaye nekratshi ukuba umzobi akazange azame sugarcoat. INkosi iphinde izivelise kwakhona ngokuthembeka nenkangeleko sisenzo, ubuhlwempu zokomoya akalutho iqembu elibusayo, hayi ifihla ukutyiwa yakhe neNgonyama Spanish.

Francisco Goya wahlala phakathi kwiminyaka emibi umsebenzi Spain amabutho uNapoleon kaThixo, emva kokuba ubungqina kutshabalaliso zabahlaseli umphakathi labemi. Kuyinto ezi ziganeko bakhonza njengesiseko nokudalwa kwemisebenzi ezifana "Le nokudubula ebusuku ukususela nge-2 ukuya kwemi-3 Meyi 1808," "Rise of May-2 e-Puerta del Sol."

Goya wayesebenza kude kube lusuku lokugqibela. Omnye imisebenzi yakhe yokugqibela indoda leyo ibiselilixhego ngeentonga, waba phantsi apho Utyikityo: ". Ndiseyilaa ukufunda" Wafa yokufa uhlangothi ngexesha ukuzalwa entsha yoluntu kunye nenkcubeko. Ngenxa ekujikeni kwenkulungwane imboniselo entsha lonke ihlabathi, ligatya inyala ezindala kunye ezikhohlisayo, Goya ngokuqinisekileyo elikhulu ukwazi ukudlulisela umsebenzi wakhe yonke yobumbaxa eziphikisanayo ngexesha lakhe.