UNorma radiation background: oko kuxhomekeke kwaye ayidluli indlela

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje isebenzisa iziganeko ezininzi zendalo ukuphumeza iinjongo amanene. Mna ke kungekho ngaphandle, kunye nemitha. kunzima Ngaphandle ukuba ahlangule diagnosis eyaneleyo ukukhangela ingqibelelo iinxalenye. Kodwa oku kukhokelela kukuba izinga radiation ngemvelaphi kuyahlukana nedlela indawo ahlala kuyo okanye umsebenzi. Yonke imihla abantu ukufumana idosi radiation. Xa kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe amanyathelo ukunciphisa iziphumo ezingalunganga kwi umzimba?

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga radiation

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngento izinga radiation yangasemva abantu kwamkelekile, kuyimfuneko ukujongana le ngcamango. Esisiseko sazo zonke luluvo lwe yemisebe. It sikuko yokuba eziba athom ezithile kozinzo azalwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuzenzekelayo iba, yaye oku yakha radiation ionizing, okt kwimitha. It ukhandwa iindidi ezininzi amasuntswana: alpha, beta, wesigrike kunye neutron. Eyona esiyingozi gamma-radiation, nto leyo eye igunya wajula phezulu. X-reyi ezifana gamma, kodwa i energy ezincinane. Lo mthombo inkulu endalo radiation enjalo - ilanga. Kodwa nje inxalenye kwimitha zonke, yintoni eyenza udidi radiation yangasemva.

Iinxalenye foniruyuschego radiation

Le nto ndiyibhalayo izinto zendalo kunye ezenziwe ngumntu. radiation Natural iveliswa evela zinto zilandelayo:

• eyingozi evela emkhathini;
• iidipozithi komhlaba atom, ukuba nabo okufakwe ngezinto zokwakha zendalo, apho kamva wayakha indlu;
• izinto ezifanayo radioactive, kodwa iphaphatheke amanzi kunye nomoya;
• kwakunye neemveliso ukutya;
• potassium-40 kunye rubidium-87, nto leyo emzimbeni womntu basoloko akhoyo kwaye kukwazi ukuba balahle kubo.

imisebe Natural isoloko kwaye yonke indawo. Lo asinguye ngaphandle kodwa mthetho. Iyahluka kuphela imimiselo ye-radiation ongasemva ukwenzela kwindawo ethile nganye.

Okwenziwe ukwandisa isiqalo radiation zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Umzekelo, imigodi, ukutshisa, isicelo izichumisi phosphate. Hayi igalelo ezincinane kuwela ukuvavanya izixhobo zenyukliya, izityalo amandla enyukliya moya. Ngaphezu koko, umntu zingalujongi usuleleko athile. Oku zonke iintlobo iingozi kunye nelahleko ehanjiswayo.

Ingxaki kukuba umntu akukho ilungu lomzimba, leyo athathe radiation. Ngoko ke, kwiindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka asebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - dosimeters, nto leyo iya kubonisa malunga kunene yemisebe ngenxa.

Iiyunithi zemilinganiselo ye radiation kunye ubuthi

Ezi iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeyunithi yokulinganisa ezahlukileyo. Umlinganiselo of radioactivity - eli esisebenza. It ulinganiswa becquerels. Enye Becquerel 1 atom sokonakalisa ngomzuzwana. Kudla kokuba kuqwalaselwa kwi iyunithi ubunzima okanye umqulu.

radiation Ionizing, olwenzeka xa ukubola-athom ulinganiswa roentgens. Kodwa lixabiso elikhulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, xa kusenziwa rhoqo ekubhekiselelwe microroentgens, oko kukuthi yinxenye ezizigidi yayo. Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo kuxhomekeke kwixesha sesichengeni. Kunye nexabiso, nto leyo kulinganiswa izinga yangasemva radiation - MR / h, oko kukuthi, micro-roentgen ngeyure nganye.

Kukho enye ixabiso - lo sievert. Oku kusetyenziswa ukuvavanya ifuthe umntu. Le yunithi lalibalwa ithamo elilinganayo. Igunya le dose ogama sievert ngeyure nganye. Xa iinjongo zasekhaya omnye sievert ilingana 100 X-ray.

Umzekelo amaxabiso amathamo zokukhanya

Zonke yemisebe, nto leyo yenziweyo umzimba, ishiya umzila imitha, yaye abasayi kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ayibulale. Ngoko ke, yonke imithombo yendalo radiation zidibanisa idosi ekukho ngeenxa ixabiso mSv-3 ngonyaka. Inokuba ngaphantsi kancinci okanye kancinane ngaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke mmandla. Kodwa luphawulwa izinga eliphezulu ngokuvunywe mvelaphi radiation.

Iidosi ezifunyenwe ngumntu ebomini bakhe, kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kwe-700 mSv. Amaninzi eli xabiso esondela abemi kwimimandla yentaba.

Ukongezelela, abantu ezijongene rhoqo kwimitha olongezelelweyo, ezifana axilongwe. Kunqweneleka ukuba ezi zifundo musa ukudlula idosi ubuninzi.

Yintoni ebangela iimpembelelo radiation emzimbeni womntu?

Ukuba ithamo obekwe kwi amaxabiso elawula isantya radiation imvelaphi, abantu bamane awuboni. ubomi babo kuyaqhubeka, yaye akukho iziphumo ezibi zibonakala na. Kodwa ukuba idosi ebenokudlula ixabiso exposure kwenzeka kwixesha elifutshane, umbuzo yokugula radiation. It is a disorder pathways leukemia nomhlaza, betshisa ulusu kunye cataract radiation, nzima ikhondo izifo ezosulelayo, ekhokelela ukungachumi.

Methods imisebe Protection

Ezintathu zazo:

• ngexesha ukusukela kwiminyaka kamva lwehlisa umthamo radiation;
• umgama kuba umgama ukusuka kumthombo yemisebe ngobunzulu kuyehla;
• into kuba ethintela gamma.