Uncedo lokuqala kwamathambo yesiqephu: inyathelo kwakuthethwe inyathelo iingcebiso kunye nonyango

Ngokutsho manani, phantse wonke umntu awajamelana ubuncinane kanye ebomini bakhe kunye yokwenzakala efana ezinjengokwaphuka. EUnited States zibhalwe yonke imihla malunga amatyala kwezigidi ezisixhenxe Russia - alithoba million. Le ngezifo kudla kubangela abantu ukuba baguqukele traumatology, kwaye ngexesha leeholide kunye nezigulane ice kuba nangakumbi: enxilile bawe ukubacaphukisa komsipha, waphuka lomzimba. uncedo lokuqala kulo mzekelo ayikwazi kuphela ukunciphisa amathuba iingxaki, kodwa ukusindisa ubomi.

Iimbangi oqhelekileyo Ukophuka

Cause yesiqephu ukwa udla kwentlungu, t. E. impembelelo lwangaphandle ukuba amandla lidlula amandla ndawo bone ukuba bulawulwa ngendlela leyo. Icandelo Ukophuka kuthi ngenxa yaso nasiphi na izifo: linokugxojwa ingqibelelo bone, yaye akukho amandla zangaphandle, kodwa ngenxa yokuba bubuthathaka ithambo zophendlo lwezifo kuphela. Ukophuka Pathologic enokubangelwa tuberculosis ithambo, kwamathambo kakhulu, umhlaza (ukwanda okanye Ukudlulela somhlaza kwasendaweni ngokukhawuleza inwebu ithambo) okanye ezigula ezininzi.

Quick Stats umonakalo ithambo

Evela kuziphuko zendalo zixhaphakileyo kwenzeka amakhwenkwe nabafana. Abameli umsebenzi oyindoda womelele kumashishini apho kukho ingozi yokwenzakala, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa utywala, kunye nokulwa ezinxulumene kunxila kunye ukuqhuba unxilile, uthando imidlalo eyingozi. Ngokufuthi abantu zenzeka komsipha kunye kwamathambo kweqondo (uncedo lokuqala ngexesha elinye kufuneka kunikwa ngoko nangoko), iimbambo kunye namathambo yobuso intamo.

Amakhosikazi zokuphuhlisa kwamathambo ubudala, umngcipheko ukunyuka ukwenzakala iminyaka 45-50. Ukongeza exesheni, oko ixesha eyingozi ukukhulelwa kunye lokwaphusa, xa umzimba sifumana ukuswela calcium, ekutshintsheni iziko womxhuzulane, kunye ukubonakala incinci phantsi esiswini enkulu.

OluHanjiswa yokwenzakala efanayo ebuntwaneni. Isabelo Ukophuka akhawunti ye-20% yabo bonke nokwenzakala abantwana, abo ngokwemvelo zabo ezisebenzayo, iyasebenza nxanelwe ulwazi.

Ukwahlukanisa waphuka konyawo

uncedo lokuqala kwamathambo kweqondo ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kuhlobo umonakalo. Kukho iindlela eziliqela ngenxa yokuzahlula Ukophuka ngokwamaqela:

1. Ngenxa isenzeko: traumatic (esi siphendu impembelelo wangaphandle) okanye pathologic (ezinjengokwaphuka negalelo imiba yangaphakathi: iingxaki zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kukho ukuswela iivithamini ezithile kunye neeminerali)
2. Ubuzaza: ukwahlula kwizaphuko kunye ukubana, xa amaqhekeza ithambo unakho kwalimala ancedisana ezingqongileyo, kungekho namkhethe, ukuba amaqhekeza bone zibanjwa ngoncedo izihlunu kunye nemisipha. Nika kwakhona iintanda ezingaphelelanga, ezo zibizwa ngokuba iitshiphusi okanye neentanda.
3. Ngokutsho ukuthembakala eluswini: luphawulwa ngenxeba zangaphandle ezinjengokwaphuka evulekileyo, kanti ngamaqhekeza ithambo evaliweyo musa ukuthetha yemeko ezisingqongileyo.
4. Imilo kunye nezikhokelo umonakalo: helical, ngqo, longitudinal, ngokumileyo kunye waphuka ezinqamlezayo.

uncedo lokuqala waphuka: Inkqubo

Ukuba izehlo kwamathambo kweqondo, zoncedo lokuqala kwenza kube lula ukuba ngesiqingatha amathuba iingxaki, kwaye kwezinye iimeko bade ukusindisa ubomi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba yonke imisebenzi kwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo nangendlela ngexesha.

uncedo lokuqala kwamathambo kweqondo uquka iqela amanyathelo ejolise uhlobo ukwaphuka ingcaciso (izenzo zabantu, sinikela uncedo lokuqala, azifani, kuxhomekeke koko kufuneka sijongane - kunye ngokwaphulwa evulekileyo okanye lavalwa, ukuba kukho izikhalazo nokwenzakala collateral intlungu nezinye iingxaki), kunye nokunika ngqo ngoncedo eziyimfuneko. Emva kokuba ixhoba kufuneka kuthuthwa ukuya esibhedlele okanye ukuqinisekisa ukufika oogqirha kwi ndawo.

Indlela ukunika uncedo lokuqala kwamathambo kweqondo? Ngokubanzi, ngoncedo olwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Kuyimfuneko ukunika uvavanyo kwinjongo ixhoba, qiniseka ukuba unayo ngokwaphulwa kwaye ubone indlela ngakumbi amanyathelo. uncedo lokuqala kwamathambo kweqondo lwenziwa kuphela kwimeko ukuba isigulane sele ukhuseleko.
2. Ukuba ixhoba akakho zingqondweni kwaye ukuphefumla, into yokuqala omawuyenze ukuze aqhube bazamile Umngenise ezingqondweni.
3. Kwizaphuko ezivulekileyo, kufuneka kuqala ukunqanda ukopha sibathantamise inxeba kubola ukuthintela usuleleko, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kungakuhle ukuba ukunyanzelisa umhlabelo wawuqalekisa.
4. Ukuba amayeza ezikhoyo kufuneka anesthetize mlenze owenzakeleyo, ukwenza kongezwa ketorolac (1 ampoule), novocaine (5 ml) okanye nezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo.
5. Kuyimfuneko ukuba icele kwesebe ubize "ukuzila." Kwezinye iimeko, Kuvumelekile ngokwakho ukuba ixhoba ukuya kwindawo yonyango.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu lomzimba zaphuka

uncedo lokuqala ophuka ke kuphela xa sele uyitshekishile ukuba sisulu nje ngokwaphulwa, akukho olunye uhlobo umonakalo. Ngenxa yoko, imiqondiso elililo amalungu omzimba zaphuka zezi:

• deformation ebonakalayo yenxalenye ezonakeleyo;
• kwezinye iimeko - nakwenzeka intshukumo;
• ukushukumiseka anda, ukuma nemvelo izandla / iinyawo (okanye isiqingatha salo);
• nobetho bone amaqhekeza ezibalulekileyo ebonakalayo kunye waphuka evulekileyo;
• ziwe uphawu kwi mzuzu yempembelelo.

.. Imiqondiso isalamane ngokwaphulwa, okt iimpawu, leyo kwezinye iimeko kufuneka zikhatshwe zezinye umonakalo zezi:

• intlungu kummandla ochaphazelekayo, nto leyo eyandisa ngexesha isindululo;
• hematoma, kunye neentlungu throbbing ibonisa ukuba ukopha lwangaphakathi iyaqhubeka;
• nokudumba kunye ukudumba kwindawo umdlali olimeleyo, nto leyo ukuphuhlisa kwimizuzu eli-15 emva kokuba ezinjengokwaphuka;
• ukuhamba elinyiniweyo, yalityatya ngokwamathambo owenzakeleyo, njengoko umthetho, ayisebenzi kwaphela okanye inxenye.

Uvavanyo karhulumente achaphazelekayo

uncedo lokuqala kwizaphuko vula imilenze, umonakalo evaliweyo uqhekeke, okanye ezinye ukwenzakala ibandakanya uviwo nexhoba, ukuhlolwa imeko yakhe imeko ndawo. Ukuba ingozi isekhona, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuphunywe ngobungxamo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo badlule ukunika uncedo lokuqala.

Ixhoba kufuneka kuvavanywa ubukho umonakalo ezongezelelweyo, ukopha, ukonzakala ezinokwenzeka, khangela i iimpawu eziphambili ezibalulekileyo: ubukho kunye ukubetha rate kunye yokuphefumla, ukukwazi ukusabela kwizinto ezingaphandle (ukukhanya, isandi). Ukuba umntu lisezingqondweni na, kufuneka iseke ukunxibelelana ixhoba, ukuba ukubuza malunga nezikhalazo, indawo kunye nohlobo intlungu.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo akavumelekanga ukuba ixhoba ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye ngaphandle nokubekwa amavili kwesithuthi kwesebe owenzakeleyo.

isisulu zingqondweni

uncedo lokuqala kwamathambo imilenze ubandakanya umntu ukuba ngokwasengqondweni yokurhaxwa xa kuyimfuneko. Ngoko ke, kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ezolileyo ixhoba uzame ukuba akhokele lokuqonda koluntu kunye ngoncedo zizinto zangaphandle - mpakaza esidleleni, amanzi abandayo okanye swab yomqhaphu nkxu ammonia elulwelo kunye nomnikelo empumlweni.

bazamile

Ukuba ukuphefumla akukho ukubetha, kuyimfuneko ukwenza internal iisoyi kunye nokuphulula intliziyo. Kuba ngempumelelo ixhoba ngokumphefumlela kulala kwindawo eqinileyo. Enye isandla kufuneka bathathe kusesilevini, omnye - songe impumlo. Intloko ixhoba lilo umva umva kancinci, umlomo wakhe ivuliwe. Umntu linceda, uthatha ukuphefumla nzulu, yaye emva koko kancinane siphefumla, esinabantu nesigubungelo emlonyeni kwixhoba. internal ezingezizo kufuneka ziqhutywe nge nyama okanye lithathelwe okhethekileyo. Uwukhuphe emlonyeni ixhoba kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo imizuzwana ezine de ukubuyiselwa nokuphefumla ezizenzekelayo.

massage ngokungathanga wentliziyo lwenziwa ngolu hlobo: Umntu enika uncedo lokuqala, isandla crosswise phezu kwesifuba nexhoba kwaye yenza nokucofa (esifubeni kufuneka kuhla iisentimitha emine okanye emihlanu). Kufuneka wenze umothuko wamva-30, uze emva koko utshintshe ucinezelo ukuba umoya. amanyathelo Resuscitative kwenziwa umlinganiselo Iezothuso amashumi mathathu Ukuphefumla ezimbini.

mothuko esibuhlungu: Inkqubo

Traumatic mothuko yokuqala pfunaka Ukophuka nemilenze (ezifana phezulu) lucebisa hemostasis, ngokubonelela iimeko obutofotofo (umzekelo, izisongeli ebandayo umntu ukuze kuthintelwe frostbite) kunye nonyango ekhawuleza esibhedlele. Ukuba akukho kwizaphuko yalityatya asezantsi, phakamisa imilenze isisulu ngokweesentimitha 15-30.

unyango Hemostasis nesilonda

uncedo lokuqala Ukophuka open kwamalungu kufuna unyango hemostasis inxeba. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukunika indawo echanekileyo kwezi imilenze, ukuvulwa kwamehlo iimpahla, njengoko ukwanda nokudumba kwixesha elizayo, mhlawumbi, abasayi kuyenza loo nto. Okulandelayo, tourniquet, okanye ibotshwe uxinzelelo enxebeni (ekukhethwa engenazintsholongwane) kwaye aphathe Iikona ulusu zintsholongwane yonakele. Qiniseka ukuba babhale phantsi ixesha ngqo kokusebenzisa isiziba.

Unga ukunika ixhoba iintlungu kutyalomali intlungu. analgin efanelekileyo, paracetamol, "Nurofen", "Ketorol" kunye like. Xa bume isibhedlele a ingasetyenziswa xa analgesics kuyimfuneko kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi ezidakumbisayo. Ezi ziquka "Fentanyl", "nalbuphine" okanye "Promedrol".

Immobilization alo mlenze olimele

uncedo lokuqala kwamathambo imilenze ubandakanya immobilization yendawo ithambo yonakele. Nokungakwazi konyawo inganikezelwa ngeendlela ezininzi: isicelo ziyabophelela lomzimba ephantsi owenzakeleyo ngendlela enempilo, ithengise kuthetha kusondele, pribintovyvanie ingalo eyaphukileyo kunye umntla. Ukuba awukwazi ukunika amatayari ezizodwa immobilization zothutho, ungasebenzisa nayiphi into flat eqinileyo. Ukutshixa ingalo okanye umlenze kufuneka ube ukwimeko oluqhelekileyo nokomzimba. Qiniseka ukuba ukubeka phakathi ivili kunye finiteness le pad zomqhaphu-igozi.

Xa immobilization kufuneka siqwalasele imithetho ezimbalwa kunye neemfuno:

• ibhasi kufuneka yenze amalungu ubuncinane ezimbini, ukunqanda umonakalo eyongezelelweyo ancedisana ezithambileyo amaqhekeza ithambo;
• ukulungisa le ubukhulu bawo kufuneka lisenokulinganiswa indawo ezineziphene;
• immobilization lwenziwa, ngokuqhelekileyo phezu iimpahla kunye nezihlangu, kodwa kufuneka zisuswe izinto ezinkulu echaphazelekayo;
• zoncedo lokuqala kwamathambo kweqondo eliphezulu (nolusezantsi) kunokwenzeka kunye oncedisayo.

Emva ekuqhubeni onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko efunekayo ukuze sibe ulungiselelo lokhathalelo pre-esibhedlele ukubiza "yezigulane." Ixhoba liya kudinga uncedo lobungcali lwezonyango kunye nokhathalelo.