Umthetho phezu ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha zobuqu ngamazwi alula. Ukhuselo data Personal eRashiya

data Personal - lulwazi malunga iziko elithile emzimbeni. Abasebenzisi ulwazi oyingenisayo iiseva ezahlukeneyo Internet yonke imihla. Ngowe-2015, sisayinwe umthetho ekulondolozeni idatha yabo. Ngokwalo Mthetho ulwazi kuphela kummandla Russia mazigcinwe abemi Russian Federation. Kuthetha ukuthini? Kwaye yintoni esongela-non ukuthotyelwa kwalo mthetho?

prehistory

Nangaloo maxesha ngo-2006 yamkelwa uMthetho kwidatha zobuqu, eyenzelwe ukulawula iintlobano ezithile abantu ekuthiwa abasebenzisi. Injongo ukukhusela abasebenzisi Internet zokulungisa engafunwayo kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha zobuqu kumntu wesithathu.

Operator - lo mbono qatha. Abe iqumrhu likarhulumente okanye iqumrhu elisemthethweni, yaye emzimbeni. Operator - nguye nangayiphi na indlela ukwenza ulwazi lobuqu malunga umntu database zazo. Yena, ke, akanalo ilungelo lokubhengeza idata kwaye usebenzise ngayo iinjongo ukuba angaziwa umntu wabalungiselela. izenzo ezinjalo kakuhle, kwaye ke kule minyaka yokugqibela ilishumi kwakunye mthethweni.

NgoSeptemba 1, 2015, oko ukusungulwa kwesibingelelo, emveni kusayina umthetho data zobuqu egcinwe ummandla Russia, iBhodi ayisenawo unelungelo lokusebenzisa yi iiseva amazwe umsebenzi wabo. Ukuze uqonde ukuba ngubani abachaphazelekayo ikakhulu olu tshintsho kwaye nendlela nya, kufuneka baqonde iingqiqo esisiseko.

siqu data

Kukho imbono engachananga lo mbono uthetha iinkcukacha eziqulathwe kule yokundwendwela kunye namanye amaxwebhu ebalulekileyo. Enyanisweni, iinkcukacha zobuqu iintlobo ulwazi malunga mntu. Oku akuthethi kuthi inombolo okanye kuthotho ipaspoti. Ezi data igama lokuqala, ifani, umhla wokuzalwa, idilesi ye-imeyile. Ngoko ke, xa umnini ishishini kudala kwiWebhusayithi equlathe ifomu yokubhalisa iindwendwe, iba umqhubi data zobuqu. Ukusebenzisa ulwazi efunyenweyo unako, yena abe kuphela umsebenzi eyaziwa abo kutsuriwa. Ukuxelwa kwedatha zobuqu ithetha yolawulo okanye yolwaphulo ubutyala, ngokuxhomekeke ubungqongqo ulwaphulo-mthetho.

baqinisekise ukuba ulwazi neenkcukacha

Ukusasaza ulwazi malunga mntu, umqhubi uyakwazi kuphela kwemvume yakhe. Izenzo ezinjalo mthethweni. Non-ukubhengezwa data lobuqu - yinto ebalulekileyo ukuze iqwalaselwe. imigaqo yalo engundoqo zifumaneka kwisahluko sesibini yomthetho. Sasaza umqhubi unelungelo kuphela iinkcukacha eziqulathwe kuwonke-wonke, umzekelo - idilesi kunye nenombolo yomnxeba iincwadi.

data zobuqu lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe jikelele, esingu kunye ezizodwa. Jikelele eziqulethwe kule zokundwendwela, iidiploma, ID emkhosini, incwadi yomsebenzi. Le ukukhathazeka malunga ukubandakanya lobuhlanga, inkolo okanye ezopolitiko.

data esingu - a iimpawu zebhayoloji kunye nokomzimba yomntu. Ezi ezifanayo kunye ifoto kunye video. Ngenxa yoko, ukugqithiselwa ezo fayile bungabonakala wesithathu njengoko ukubhengezwa data zobuqu. Ngaphandle izithombe qela.

processing

Kulo mthetho kukho amabinzana, intsingiselo apho akusoloko kucace gca. Omnye wabo - processing of data zobuqu. Eli gama libhekisela kwimisebenzi ukuba umqhubi owenza phezu ingcaciso efunyenweyo, oko kukuthi idata yobuqu. Yena uqokelela kubo, iivenkile, wathi, isebenzisa, dehumanizes, iibhloko kunye ususa. Zonke umqhubi unelungelo. Umthetho ngayo kuphela xa kukho ukuxela lwe data zobuqu, oko kukuthi, ukukhutshelwa kolwazi kumntu wesithathu.

NgoSeptemba 1, 2015 yaqalisa anemiqathango kule ndawo. malunga nokugcinwa komthetho data lobuqu awukuvumeli, umzekelo, umnini website ukugcina iinkcukacha iiseva amazwe. Nokuba usebenzisa kuphela ngeenjongo ezilungileyo.

depersonalization

Eli nyathelo kwenziwa ukuze ukufihla idata yobuqu eyeyomntu umntu othile (kwisenzo yowiso ibizwa ngokuba kwisifundo). Yinto uhlobo yokhuseleko data zobuqu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi depersonalization:

• Ukufakwa kolwazi;
• nokutshintshwa data digital:
• ulwazi lokunciphisa;
• nokusasazwa kolwazi malunga abancedisi ezahlukeneyo.

isihloko

Umntu unelungelo lokufikelela iinkcukacha zabo zobuqu. amalungelo subject data zobuqu zibonisa ithuba umntu ogama data egcinwa kwidathabheyisi, ifuna umqhubi ukuba yena wathi kubo itshintshiwe, ukuba kuyimfuneko, batshabalale. Wonke umntu unelungelo lokufuna ukuba ilungiselelo lolwazi xa kuthe ukuba azinamgaqo naziphi na ezinye izifundo data.

amanye amagama

Yonke idatha ngomntu zigcinwa kwi zolwazi. Ngoncedo-mali ezithile ukuze iphunyezwe yaye isetyenziswe yi abawasebenzisayo. Obu bugcisa kuthiwa sisinqandi ulwazi data zobuqu. Namhlanje ukuba axhamle yonke evela oosomashishini ezincinane, ephelisa imizimba karhulumente olawulayo. Le mithetho-siseko efanayo yaye wabekwa kunye nokhuselo data zobuqu. 'Esweni ukuthotyelwa neemfuno ezibonelelweyo ngumthetho, yi Roskomnadzor, i-FSB kunye FSTEC.

Cross-umda ugqithiselo lweengcombolo - a ukudluliselwa kolwazi umntu emzimbeni okanye ngokusemthethweni wamanye amazwe.

UMthetho kwidatha yobuqu inika ingqibelelo yomntu, intsapho yakhe kunye nobomi zobuqu. Umthetho omtsha ulandela iinjongo ezifanayo, kodwa kudala bajonga iingxaki ezithile lwabaqhubi ezininzi.

yokugcina idatha kummandla Russia

Kwimisebenzi yayo, umsebenzisi ngamnye kufuneka ngoku asebenzise kuphela ezo iinkcukacha zigcinwa kwi kummandla Russia. Kutheni izithintelo ezifana lusekiwe? Lo mthetho, nto leyo okhankanywe ngentla, ichaphazela ikakhulu ukhuseleko data zobuqu. Kodwa kuthiwa nto malunga yayo.

Zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa eRashiya kufuneka luphunyezwe ukuthotyelwa komthetho we-Russian Federation. Nangona kunjalo, i-World Wide Web naziphi neentshukumo cross-umda nabalinganiswa virtual, leyo nzima kolawulo abawasebenzisayo. Ngelo xesha ke into yokuba website ifumaneka kubahlali eRashiya akuthethi kuthi ukuba kufuneka ziwusebenzise umthetho Russian. database yokubeka iiseva Russian kube lula ukulawula phezu nemisebenzi yabaqhubi.

Umthetho phezu ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha yobuqu ukwenza oku data zobuqu kuphela kwi Internet amacebo Russian. Kodwa apha kukho ukuxolelwa. Bathi neeseva angaphandle ejoliswe kummandla Russian Federation. Kule orientation asenokubonisa ukuba site Russian-ukuthetha okanye ithambeka igama. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ulwimi Russian yinto exhaphakileyo nangaphandle Russian Federation, sichaza ngakumbi ezi zinto zilandelayo: ukukwazi ukuba babale engange Russian, izivumelwano eRashiya. Ngaloo ndlela, oosomashishini bamazwe angaphandle ziquka ngayo isicwangciso salo ishishini abathengi Russian. Kwaye ke isenzo yomthetho kwidata lobuqu xa ngqo kunye nemisebenzi yazo.

iiseva angaphandle

Ngoko ke, ukugcinwa komthetho data zobuqu ngoku ivumela kuphela iiseva Russian. Database, ngaphandle kwe eRashiya, azinako ukuba zingenziwa. I Duma State yamkela umthetho ngalo ukuvalwa. Noko ke, olu xwebhu kuphakamisa imiba emininzi. Ngaphezu koko, iingxaki ezinxulumene noshishino.

Iingcali entsimini zonxibelelwano ngekhompyutha kukholelwa ukuba oku kungakhokelela kokuphuma kwezibonelelo Internet jikelele, kwaye yena, naye, ukuze ilahleko emikhulu. Okokuqala sithetha websites flight kokubhukisha.

Isiphazamiso koosomashishini

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba umthetho omtsha kakubi kuchaphazela umsebenzi iinkampani ezininzi Russian. Ngalinye abahlaseli bakhe kaSeptemba 1, 2016 yeyela uluhlu abamnyama Roskomnadzor. Olu luhlu ngoku kuquka iziza P kunye kwisayithi ekhuthaza umsebenzi mthethweni okanye izenzo musa ne imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko (ubundlobongela, ukuzibulala, porn umntwana, lukhuni). Le ukuvalwa kwezi zibonelelo ngendlela ecacileyo. Kodwa iinkampani ezininzi ukuba athwale umsebenzi osemthethweni ngokupheleleyo, ukuze babe nako ukuqhubeka neziseko zazo kwizibonelelo IsiRashiya ukuya kumhla ochaziweyo.

Enye injongo yomthetho - ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko data zobuqu kumanyathelo iinkonzo ezizodwa American. Ezi arhente zikarhulumente, izixhobo zangaphandle ezifunekayo ukuze yonke ingcaciso ekhoyo. Kodwa ke, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwedatha zobuqu kwi kwii labasebenzi beenkonzo ezizodwa amazwe, umthetho uyila eninzi ngokuphazamiseka kunye neengxaki kumashishini amancinci, aphakathi kunye ezinkulu Russian.

Iinkonzo ze ukugcinwa data

Iinkampani ezininzi namhlanje ukuthengisa, ngokwenza nokuthengisa intanethi. Enye izixhobo eziphambili - email-yeendaba. Abanini website corporate basebenzisa iinkonzo intanethi ukwazisa abathengi zabo ngeziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ziyabanjwa kwiinkampani zabo. Esi sikimu yonk kunjalo, ukuba ngaphandle kwalo namhlanje kunzima ukuthelekelela kuphuhliso naliphi na ishishini ukuba. Kusekho into engachananga ngabanini site na abasebenzisi, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki ukugcina idata yobuqu. Benza loo nto ngenxa yeenkonzo ezikhethekileyo online. Kodwa iinkqubo kwaye yenza idatha malunga nabasebenzisi ungumnini site. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba umqhubi kwixesha elizayo linyanzelekile ukuba ukudlulisela yonke ingcaciso ekhoyo malunga abasebenzisi kwi Internet kwizibonelelo Russian. Yenza kube lula, nezenzo ezinjalo ngokuyintloko zibandakanya iindleko zemali omkhulu.

post ex umthetho facto

izimiso zomthetho kakuhle kusekwa lubonisa ukuba ledatha yabo ekhoyo abaqhubi data iqalise phambi komhla sotyikityo kokuba zomthetho, akukho lunyhasho. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwedatha yobuqu ibandakanya ukuvuselela ezishi-. Lo mthetho uthi ukuhluzwa olu lwazi umqhubi ngoku banelungelo umncedisi eRashiya.

ukuqoqa ulwazi

Umqhubi kufuneka okuyo yonke idatha kwi server Russian. Ezi zenzo, ngokutsho amagama nomthetho, ngokusondeleyo ezinxulumene nokuqokelelwa kwedatha zobuqu. Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ulwazi ekujoliswe kuzo malunga ngabantu. Idla libonelela umsebenzisi ye Internet ngokwayo. Kodwa kudla ngokwenzeka ukuba data ufumana ngengozi. Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yokuba iileta ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqokelela ulwazi kunye nedata akukho namnye iqumrhu elisemthethweni, ezifunyenwe yi enye intlangano. Ezo ulwazi lomfowunelwa, nokwenziwa kwayo kuyimfuneko ukuze kuphunyezwe izinto ezidibeneyo.

Ugqithiso lwedata evela Russian Federation

Umthetho alichaphazeli transfer cross-emdeni data. Amalungiselelo leyo aliqulunqileyo ngo-2006, kodwa baye balahlekelwa amandla abo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba abaqhubi abakhoyo, njengokuba ngaphambili, unelungelo sokutshintshela data wangena database ukuba wadalwa kummandla we-Russian Federation, abanye kwezilwandle. Noko ke, isenzo esinjalo kufuneka nokuthobela imithetho ethile. Kuqala kwinto zonke, iBhodi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ilizwe apho ukutshintshwa data iza kwenziwa, unalo ukhuseleko olwaneleyo lwe data lobuqu zabasebenzisi Internet.

Ifuthe yomthetho entsha kwicandelo logcino

iintengo abaninzi zenziwa nge-Internet namhlanje. Umthengi rhoqo uhlawulela iimpahla credit card. iinkampani zeselula kunye neenkqubo zentlawulo, njengoko umthetho, iiseva amazwe. inkqubo yentlawulo Russian engekafumaneki. Kwaye ukuba akuyi kuba lula ngaphandle kwalo mthetho.

Noko ke, ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu nangoku ukugcina ulwazi malunga kummandla Russian Federation. Kwaye benikana data kunye namaqabane angaphandle, baye babhenele depersonalization.

Center data

Okwangoku, i-data centre entsha yakhiwa kummandla eMoscow, nto leyo eya kuba inkulu eRashiya. Kule projekthi utyalo iinkampani ezinkulu, ngokuba abanako uwajongele phantsi ukubaluleka kokugcina data zobuqu. Noko ke, le misebenzi ibandakanya iingxaki ezithile. Ngokukhawuleza ukwakha iziko data kunokwenzeka.

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba umthetho omtsha kufuneka ngcono. Kungenjalo, akayi kuba nako ukusebenza ngexesha lonke ixesha. main ethile wayo omnye, nto leyo ngakumbi na ubunzima amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi. Kwaye le ndawo namhlanje kwaye sele ikwimeko entle amahlwempu. Noba indlela, umthetho omtsha iintshaba ezininzi, kodwa kukho ngabo akukho eyoyikekayo.