Umgaqo "athathe okanye ahlawule": kakuhle, imbali isicelo namhlanje

Ubudlelwane phakathi abaxhobisi ezinkulu kunye nabathengi iintlobo ngeentlobo imingcipheko kunokwenzeka. Phakathi kwazo kukho imeko eliqhelekileyo apho awukwazi ukuthengisa zonke izinto acwangcisiweyo ngokunxulumene yokurhoxiswa omnye amaqela kwisivumelwano. Oku kuthetha ilahleko enkulu yemali kumthengisi. Ukuthintela Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iqela izivumelwano obonelelo iimveliso (ngokuqhelekileyo imali eninzi kwaye kukuninzi), umgaqo eyaziwa ngokuba "athathe okanye ahlawule". Kuthetha ukuthini, yintoni na, njani le ndlela? Njani kwaye nokuba isoloko isebenza? Oku uya kufunda ngokufunda nqaku.

Kakuhle eli umgaqo

Imeko "athathe okanye ahlawule" ( "ukuthatha okanye pay") yindlela eqhelekileyo ezinkulu, kuquka neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Luquka ku kulandelayo: kwi ekuphelisweni kwesivumelwano ekuhanjisweni ekuvunyelwene ngayo imali yeemveliso kumthengisi size umthengi bacinga ezithile nezibophelelo. Eyokuqala kukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaphakathi imvumelwano evulwe, inani eliphezulu kwempahla ngokungqinelana kunye namalungiselelo ebekwe yi omabini amaqela kwi nemiqulu. Okwesibini - ukuhlawula inani eliqingqiweyo iimveliso, akukho nto kangakanani ngokwenene ezithengwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Intsingiselo imeko "athathe okanye ahlawule"

Ukusebenzisa lo mgaqo ukunciphisa umngcipheko ilahleko zemali ngenxa ukungakwazi umthamo okucwangcisiweyo kwentengiso iimveliso. Nokuba umthengi uyala ukuthenga iimpahla kwi-mali iphezulu (ezisisigxina contract), uya kufuneka ahlawule yonke iindleko. Oku kunokuba mazithathwe isigwebo ngokusilela ekuthobeleni nemiqathango yesivumelwano. Kwimeko yezoshishino, oku kuthiwa umgaqo 'athathe okanye ahlawule ". Ukuba kwindlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko lisusiwe, umthengisi kuya kufuneka sizidibanise kwifomula namaxabiso.

Ibali umgaqo 'athathe okanye ahlawule "

Kuba Okokuqala, inkqubo yokwakha ubudlelwane phakathi nxaxheba kule mvumelwano unikezelo yaziswa ngasekupheleni-imi- 50 lwekhulu XX eNetherlands. Kwaye enxulumene nophuhliso yegesi Groningen, neyathi yabonakala ukuba umsebenzi eninzi kunene, wafuna zotyalo-mali kuwonke kwizibonelelo zothutho kunye negesi. Bachitha imali efunekayo ukuze babuye, yaye oko babenendlela enye kuphela - ukuqinisekisa unikezelo eliqhubekayo imithamo irhasi eninzi kunye nentlawulo ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye livele belizwe zisetyenziswa namhlanje yi umgaqo 'athathe okanye ahlawule ".

State of the Netherlands liye laqukumbela izivumelwano ixesha elide. Zinika inani eliphezulu impahla ukuba ngamahlakani bathembisa ukuba bathenge kwisithuba sexesha elithile. Ukuba abavumi ukuthobela imigaqo, ngoko uhlawule isohlwayo. Okwangoku, ibingomnye wabalandeli ezigqamileyo yalo mgaqo inkampani Russian "Gazprom".

Ukuba imeko ayisebenzi: umzekelo ocacileyo

"Gazprom" nobudlelwane yayo China kunye namaqabane yaseYurophu ngokubonakalayo kusebenza lo mgaqo "athathe okanye ahlawule". Uninzi amabanjwa yi nezivumelwano koorhulumente kubonelelo segesi isithuba seminyaka engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo yonke into iyasebenza kakuhle, kodwa xa kukho impazamo.

Ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano kwisivumelwano esatyikitywa kulo mgaqo kunye nenkampani Czech RWE Transgas, aye anyhashwa. Umthengi walile ukuthenga igesi mali iphezulu olwanikwa yi ikhontrakthi yaye akazange afune ukuba ahlawule isohlwayo. Ngenxa yoko betyholwa (ngokunxulumene wokunyhashwa umgaqo 'athathe okanye ahlawule ")" Gazprom "waba angalahlekelwa nto. Vienna Arbitration Court waqonda ilungelo inkampani Czech ukukhetha gas ngaphantsi kwe kumiselwe liSebe lezeMisebenzi kaRhulumente ngokwemvumelwano, ngaphandle kokuba uhlawule naziphi na izohlwayo.

Condition ukunganeliseki phakathi namaqabane amazwe ngamazwe

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umgaqo 'athathe okanye ahlawule "aza kusetyenziswa-nkqubo kumazwe zenkampani Russian, iikontraka abaninzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabonisa ukunganeliseki kunye nabo. iimeko ezinjalo okunzima izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe sonikezelo igesi akazange nje, amahlakani ethile, Italian kunye Ukrainian.

Ngoko ke, inkampani Eni engozini ukuba "Gazprom" ukwaliwa ukwandiswa kwesivumelwano, ukuba lo mgaqo "athathe okanye ahlawule 'aziyi ngaphandle amalungiselelo ayo. Ukunganeliseki kunye namaqabane Italian unako ukuqonda, kuba ngenxa ukuqhwalela igesi yalahlekelwa 1.5 billion. Euro (2009-2011).

nabalingani Ukrainian wabonisa izikhalazo. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho isivumelwano, "Gazprom" kwi "Naftogaz" (sele ekhoyo phambi 2019) ubonelela unikezelo berhasi Ukraine ngo-mali ka-52 ezigidi. Cubic metres ngonyaka ngamnye. 2013 Ukusetyenziswa amahlakani bafaka 27 billion kuphela. Cubic metres. Kulo mzekelo, inkampani kuya kufuneka ahlawule hayi ngaphantsi kwe-33 ezigidi. Cube. mitha, kwakunye izohlwayo kunokwenzeka ukuba amatyala-mali ka-billion amabini. zeerandi.

Abanye abahlalutyi baye bavakalisa ukuba ilixa ukongamela izivumelwano ezinjalo ezilawulwa yengqongqo yona imiqathango ngokuthe eziphelweni. Oku okwe nje kuphela "Gazprom 'Russian, kodwa ezinye neenkampani zehlabathi. Yintoni eza kwenzeka, uya kukuxelela ixesha kuphela.

isiphelo

Umgaqo "athathe okanye ahlawule" na ukubizwa sisixhobo kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubungozi ilahleko yemali. Kubanikezeli eli lithuba ukuthengisa iimveliso zabo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngenye indlela zokunciphisa ilahleko ukusuka 'nedozakupok ". Kodwa ke, njengoko kanti, asingabo bonke abathengi beli imeko kuyimfuneko ukuze umphefumlo (kwaye ukuthenga). Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa isimiso ngqongqo kakhulu kwaye aqikelele ukwaliwa kwesicelo yayo. Enoba kwenzeka ntoni na, sekunjalo isebenza (nangona kunye imiqobo), kunye neenkampani ezininzi bonelisekile kakhulu nale meko.