Iibhanki zorhwebo na United Arab Emirates

ganiso neebhanki zorhwebo kwi UAE kuthiwa imibutho mvume lokuqhuba imisebenzi zebhanki yorhwebo ngokungqinelana nomthetho okanye umyalelo elilawulayo kwaye yinkampani imfuyo. Ngaphandle kulo mgaqo ningamasebe yeebhanki angaphandle ezisebenza UAE.

ganiso neebhanki zorhwebo kwi UAE zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini: iibhanki joint-stock wengingqi kunye namasebe yeebhanki amazwe. Ngokwembali, iibhanki kazwelonke angaphandle sele wabakho ngaphambi zokusekwa kwe-UAE ngo-1973 I-UAE Monetary IKomiti yaye, ke ngoko, phambi kokusekwa Central Bank of the UAE. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, inani beebhanki kunye namalungu awo avela kwi-UAE wakhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kukho ukungayelelani sengathi kunye izakhono zemalike yendawo. Oku kwabangela abasemagunyeni ezingeyomali ziqulathe ngelo xesha yokukhupha mvume neebhanki ezintsha kwanawokuqhuba inani amasebe beebhanki amazwe anciphise ezopolitiko ukuya kuma leeyunithi ezisibhozo.

Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2012 kwi-UAE ziye ingxelo, kwaye kwakukho 23 iibhanki yasekhaya (kubandakanywa ezintlanu lobuSilamsi) kunye namasebe 28 kweebhanki amazwe.
Isibaluli ukuba zokuhlela imibutho neebhanki zorhwebo kukuba izibonelelo kunikezelo mboleko kunye ngokukhumbula kwiibhanki zorhwebo ngokuqhelekileyo ezenziwa itsale needipozithi (needipozithi imfuno (okanye idiphozithi imfuno), isaziso kunye fixed-term) kubantu kunye lweeklayenti ezikushishino, kwakunye ngokubeka ku izixhobo kwamatyala market (amatyala, bonds, iziqinisekiso idiphozithi). iibhanki zorhwebo nazo luphawulwa imisebenzi ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kunye nokuqokelelwa iitsheki, umbutho baviswa imixokelelwane karhulumente kunye nawabucala ukubekwa, zezimali angaphandle kunye amatye anqabileyo kunye nezinye iintengiselwano zebhanki kuvunyelwe ngumthetho okanye ukushukunyiswa ndlela kwiibhanki njengesiqhelo.

UAE Central Bank Board of Directors limisela ulwalathiso nobubanzi yemisebenzi yorhwebo iibhanki kunye mvume enomda kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, licacisa amatyala non-proliferation kubo amalungiselelo omthetho kwiibhanki zorhwebo.

Ehlawulweyo-up ezinkulu ibhanki yorhwebo wesizwe i-UAE kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-million 40 dirhams (malunga US $ 10.9 yezigidi.). Branches beebhanki amazwe kufuneka ukuba zibekwe kwi-Central Bank of the UAE imali elingana kwi yelizwe zijikwe ngokukhululekileyo njengoko asethi eziyinkunzi imisebenzi zebhanki. Iimfuno ukuba isixa ubuncinane ikomkhulu ibhanki yorhwebo ukuze ezihlaziyiweyo ecetyiswa UAE Central Bank Board of Directors ezivunywe liBhunga labaPhathiswa. Order eLawulayo iya kupapashwa kwiGazethi Official (The Official Gazette). Kwimeko ukunciphisa ubungakanani eyinkunzi ezingaphantsi kwenqanaba esekwe ngumthetho Central Bank of eKomiti eLawulayo UAE kugqiba ubungakanani imali yaye umisela kota bank makasizalise capital ukuya kubukhulu efunekayo. Eli xesha malingadluli kunyaka omnye. IKomiti eLawulayo unalo ilungelo elikhethekileyo ukujongana nale hlobo kwemiba.

Xa kusenziwa isigqibo sokuba ukunika iimvume zebhanki neebhanki zorhwebo Central Bank of the UAE ulawula ubukho bemiqathango yawo siseko kwi kwidiphozithi ngonyaka ka-10% yenzuzo net njengoko yolondolozo ekhethekileyo yonke imihla ngumxhesho akuthethi ukufikelela kwinqanaba-50% of capital ehlawulwe-phezulu okanye ibakala elilingana neli ngendlela yelizwe zijikwe ngokukhululekileyo, sabamba ibhanki Central yamasebe UAE yeebhanki amazwe.
mvume Banking - imeko efunekayo ukuze kuqale kwibhanki zorhwebo. Le ekhutshwe sisigqibo uSihlalo Central Bank of the UAE, okanye yiBhodi yabaLawuli eligunyazisiweyo yiBhodi yabaLawuli kunye imvume umntu ukupapashwa ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwiGazethi eziseSikweni Umnyango ebhankini mvume, i-Central Bank of the UAE kugcinwa lobhaliso. Kwimeko nokwala ukukhupha isaziso mvume oko wathumela yi-Bank-sicelo kwisithuba seentsuku ezili 15 ukusukela kumhla isigqibo nokwala.

UAE Central Bank Board of Directors igqiba idlela ezibophelelayo egcina imali reference kunikezelo kwelayisenisi, uluhlu lwamaxwebhu ukuba zingeniswe kunye nolwazi, kwakunye nokuvulwa kwebhanki yesebe yayo imithetho (nokuvulwa kwee-ofisi ezintsha kwi-UAE okanye kwamanye amazwe, ukuguqulela ukuba zibe kwezinye iindawo, wokuvala).

Naluphi na utshintsho ku woMthetho Bank iya kungena ukusebenza ngomhla ubhaliso lwabo kwirejista ngokusekelwe isigqibo kolawulo Central Bank of UAE. izicelo akamkelwanga kwi utshintsho imimiselo zobhaliso wabhenela Central Bank of kwiBhodi UAE ngayo yabaLawuli, ogama sigqibo sokugqibela.

Ukupheliswa imisebenzi kwiibhanki zorhwebo (kubandakanywa ngokunxulumene ngokudibana nenye ibhanki) kuvunyelwa kuphela ngemvume uSihlalo weBhodi yabaLawuli okanye umntu ogunyaziswe nguye kwiBhodi yabaLawuli kwemvume umntu. Le ipemethi ayinakho kukhutshwa de kube lelo xesha Central Bank of the UAE yanelisekile ukuba umenzi-sicelo babezifezile zonke izibophelelo zalo kubathengi kunye abatyalwayo aze azilungise ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze Central Bank of UAE.

Commercial Bank Ukuthintelwa ukusuka kwirejista kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• ngesicelo ibhanki yorhwebo;
• ukuba ibhanki uyasilela kuqalisa imisebenzi kwisithuba sonyaka omnye ukususela kumhla isaziso yobhaliso;
• ukuba ibhanki yaphela imisebenzi ngaphezu konyaka;
• ukuba ibhanki uvakaliswa yayiwa;
• kwimeko ethile naziphi kwenye ibhanki;
• xa kuthe imandundu kakhulu amatyala kunye creditworthiness;
• kwimeko ephule of kweebhanki imithetho, imimiselo, imiyalelo, izikhokelo kunye nemiyalelo elawula imisebenzi zebhanki lizwe.

Commercial Bank of bakhutshelwa ngaphandle lobhaliso usihlalo eligunyazisiweyo okanye umntu ogunyaziswe kunye imvume yeBhodi yabaLawuli. Isigqibo ngaphandle ibhanki irejista uqalisa ukusebenza okanye ukususela kumhla wokupapashwa kwiGazethi Official, okanye ukusuka kumhla eboniswe isigqibo ngokwayo. Ngoko ke ilayisenisi logcino ngokuzenzekelayo ahanjiswe ngomhla isigqibo ngaphandle kwegama ibhanki livela lobhaliso.

Igama Ngaphandle yebhanki kwiincwadi kwenza ukumiswa kunyanzelekile, ngaphandle kokuba kokufaka ebhankini ukuze ingabandakanywa lobhaliso. Le yimali lwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemithetho esebenzayo kunye nemimiselo equlathwe isigqibo ngaphandle ibhanki kwirejista.

Umthetho oqhelekileyo kukuba ukubeka iintengiso ukuvalwa eliqhubayo ibhanki yorhwebo kwiGazethi eziseSikweni kwaye ndaba ubuncinane ezimbini mihla le indawo idilesi yomthetho yebhanki. I-declaration kufuneka zicaciswe ixesha lubabalo ukwamkela abaxumi kunye amatyala amanyathelo zokuqonda amalungelo abo, ingxelo igama mafa, ogunyaziswe ukwenza iintlawulo iidiphozithi ezibalaseleyo kunye nezinye iintengiselwano ukuba kwenzeka emva kukuvalwa ebhankini kwaye ngaphambili abathengi ukuba sele akuxelwa akukho ziphakamiso.

Xa ukutshona ibhanki ngenxa exclusion igama lakhe usihlalo ebhankini rejista okanye umntu ogunyaziswe nguye isigqibo ngaphandle ukusuka kwirejista asenokubonisa ukuba umhla wokuvalwa kwe ebhankini kunye negama lombutho, nto leyo uyiphathisiweyo kugqitywe hayi bahlala ngomhla wokuvalwa zibe. CB UAE ivelela umsebenzi zebhanki, xa inkqubo nokuphelisa, ukuya ukuvalwa lokugqibela ofisi yayo.
Iintlobo zemisebenzi eyenziwa yi-UAE neebhanki zorhwebo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezifanayo imisebenzi yeebhanki zorhwebo yamanye amazwe ehlabathini kunye mmandla, kwaye igqalwa sithi, ingakumbi, kwinqaku malunga necandelo leebhanki of the State of Qatar. Apha ngokufutshane nezithintelo zomthetho ekuphumezeni imisebenzi ethile ye UAE kwiibhanki zorhwebo.

Uthintelo kwiibhanki zorhwebo

Ngokukodwa, iibhanki zorhwebo abavumelekanga ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo enxulumene imveliso kunye (okanye) ukuthengisa impahla. Le Okungumahluko nangokwamkela iimpahla ukuqokelela kufunyanwa ukuya batyalayo bank. Nangona kunjalo, lo mhlaba ngaloo-ifunyenwe ebekiweyo ukuphumeza kungaphelanga ixesha elimiselwe nguManejala Commercial Bank.

Limited kunye nelungelo yorhwebo iibhanki ukuba kuthengwe egameni labo (ukuba bathathe yayo sheet balance) ipropati, akukhona asethi ezisisigxina (izakhiwo kweenkonzo kunye namaziko, izindlu kubasebenzi) okanye ipropati igqithiselwe yi lowo unetyala ukuba ahlawule ityala lakhe ebhankini. wafumana Property njengetyala ukulinganisa, njengoko umthetho, ukuba kuqaliswa kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ukususela ngomhla ekuthengwe ngawo, kodwa ixesha lokuphunyezwa ukuze umfundi azinabisele ngokuthi ngumphathi webhanki yorhwebo.

iibhanki zorhwebo abavumelekanga ukuba bagcine ilifa okanye bathengiselane izabelo zabo, ngaphandle kwakwimeko lokufumana iintlawulo zabo amatyala. Kulo mzekelo, bona makuthengiswe kwisithuba seminyaka emibini ukususela ngomhla ekuthengwe ngawo.

iibhanki zorhwebo singabi nazo izabelo okanye imixokelelwane of labarhwebi zabucala ezingaphezu kwe-25% mali yebhanki ngokwakhe, ngaphandle kwakwimeko nokufunyanwa kwemali yetyala. Kulo mzekelo, izibambiso njengongaphezu kwemfuneko kuthengiswa kwisithuba seminyaka emibini ukususela ngomhla ekuthengwe ngawo. Esi sithintelo asisebenzi nokuthengwa kwezabelo kwibhanki zorhwebo kunye bond ezikhutshiweyo okanye aqinisekiswe yimibutho karhulumente okanye urhulumente wezwe.

Iqela eyahlukileyo, umyinge imida ukubolekisa abasebenzi elawulayo kwiibhanki zorhwebo zabaxumi izinto ngamnye:

• Mboleko kunye neemali amalungu ebhodi yabalawuli, abalawuli amasebe kunye nabanye abasebenzi eziphezulu ngaphakathi balances kwi-akhawunti zabo zangoku kunye Bank inokukhutshwa kuphela ngokungqinelana ilayisenisi ngonyaka Uqikelelo pre-ezivunywe;
• iibhanki abavumelekanga ukuba bayababoleka abaxhasi bazo kwi ukhuseleko izabelo zabo elikomkhulu ebhankini;
• isixa-mboleko neekhredithi imvume ukwakhiwa zorhwebo okanye zokuhlala nemihlaba awuyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-20% yabo iidipozithi iyonke. An ngaphandle senziwa kuphela iibhanki iingcali ngokubonelela ngemali-mboleko mortgage ngokungqinelana ilayisenisi eyodwa Central Bank of the UAE;
• ngaphandle kwemvume yangaphambili ye-Central Bank of the UAE neebhanki zorhwebo abanalo ilungelo lokukhupha itshekhi yabahambi.