Umdlali chess Gata Kamsky: biography, umsebenzi

Gata Kamsky - igqala of wechess yehlabathi elite. Nangona yokuba nako ukufumana wanqwenela sithsaba ezinyanisekileyo, endleleni eya eziphakamileyo umsebenzi Kamsky uzuzele inani uhlonipha impumelelo, yaye inkoliso yabo entsha. Kwakhona Elo mlinganiselo ayiniki ithuba ukudlala phantsi impumelelo yakhe. Kama italente leyo ingqalelo zonke republic ye-USSR kwaye, emva kwethutyana, eUnited States.

Gata Kamsky: biography

Juni 2, 1974 entsatsheni Tatar wazalwa enye abadlali abaninzi okhanyayo namhlanje. Ngoku kuye kwafika kubo bonke phantsi igama Kama, kunye azalelwa kuyo - isixeko Novokuznetsk. Ngoko akukho mntu wayesazi ukuba lo mfana ngoko kuzukisa ugqatso lwakhe. Ekuzalweni, usana wanikwa igama Gataulla Rustemovich Sabirov. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amandla akhe aphezulu engqondweni wabonakalaliswa besebancinane - kwasekuqaleni nje kwiminyaka emibini inkwenkwe funda ngokukhululekileyo, yaye ezine Sendisicwaba ipiyano. Kodwa ubungqondi a ngokwenene wabonakaliswa mzuzu xa kuqala wayezama ukudlala chess.

Emva kokushiya isixeko Novokuznetsk, intsapho yakhe ngokufutshane kuhlala e Kazan, apho waqalisa ukuqonda kubungqondi ulutsha wechess art. Emva kwexesha elithile, bafudukela eLeningrad. Study kwisikolo sengingqi wanikwa Gat akukho lula, kuba wayefunda makhwenkwe kwiminyaka emibini abadala. Le nto ayizange imthintele kukuhlonela kunye nobudlelwane kuthenjwa ofunda, kuba inkwenkwe ebendikhuphisana nayo ubuntu-natured yaye kulula kakhulu ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo, nangona wayesele ngelo xesha wayekwisikhundla eqinileyo kakhulu ngenxa yobudala bakhe. Kamskiy Gata igama Rustemovich Sabirov wathabatha phezu ukusuka uyisemkhulu, wema ngemvelaphi ye-Drama Theatre ye Tatarstan. Yena kuqala waduma ubizwa ngelo gama mzi kwi Neva.

Njengoko Ndaqala "nguGrandmaster elincinane" Vladimir Zak?

Ukuqala umsebenzi professional Gata Kamsky waqeqeshwa yebhotwe elalibizwa ngokuba ngoovulindlela ngumqeqeshi edume Vladimir Zak. Uqeqesho rhoqo wachitha amakhulu imidlalo nomnye abadlali kakhulu - Vladimir Shishkin. Italente umdlali chess oselula kwakucaca kangangokuba Vladimir Zak ukusuka kudidi lokuqala ebizwa Gato "inkosi yam encinane grand." Kwathi kanti kamva, ukhwankqe kunene ngokupheleleyo. Gata Kamsky - junior player ichess ngcembe yaye uqinisekise ukuba soyise yonke indalo. Okokuqala waphumelela kulutsha "uSpartacus" ubuntshatsheli, ngoko waphumelela oyise phezu Markom Taymanovym ukuba umnike isihloko yintshatsheli USSR phakathi amakhwenkwe sele eneminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Kwakhona le nto enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu kwixesha elizayo kwi isilinganiso Elo.

uphuhliso umsebenzi

Ukususela ngoko, igama waba Kama kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe. Amaphephandaba badla kuthelekiswa kuye Kasparov, nomvakalelo womoya onamandla onjalo wenza uluntu ngokubanzi. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba sifune ixesha elide. Emva kwexesha elithile, phantsi kwephiko Soviet Itshesi Federation yasingatha emdlalweni odumileyo Kamsky kunye Alekseya Shirova.

Umdlalo lishushu kakhulu elide, kuba prodigy iqela waba onamava kakhulu ngakumbi, kodwa Gata Kamsky waphumelela intembelo kwaphikisayo phantsi kobunkokheli Gennady Nesis. Olu loyiso wavula indlela umdlali chess kwi Junior yeHlabathi Championship, apho wayemela USSR.

Ukuya kwi-United States of America

Emva kokuba oyise kwibakala lehlabathi Kamsky kunye nentsapho yakhe wafumana umnikelo evela ngusozigidi uYakobi Kane, ezingenakulinganiswa ukwala. Ngowe-1989, kukho amagosa eSoviet ngesiquphe, aye kuhlala eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, oku kube nafuthe ubungqondi umdlali enkulu itshesi, phezu koko, kwakhona Gata Kamsky wakwazi ukufikelela phezulu lobungcali, ngokuphumelela umdlalo we US Open. Njengoko isihloko esitsha yenkosi ezukileyo, uba ukutyeba kukhetho ingcono yokupasa kule tumente interzonal. Yintoni elandelayo akukho uloyiso ngaphantsi ephawulekayo: ngo-1990, Gata Kamsky iphumelele itumente super e Tilburg, bafumana kuye indawo imbeko phakathi elite chess ehlabathini.

Emva kwezi ziganeko Ghats umsebenzi zathatha abalulekile ngaphantsi. Iingcali ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba itumente elandelayo ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo wathembela Kama. Ngexesha ekwahlulweni yehlabathi chess ngo-1993, waphinda waphumelela ngokudlala inxalenye ye-United States kwiqela lesizwe. Emva koko kwi-World Team Championships yaba intlanganiso amavo ezimbini - Kamsky kwaye inamandla player chess Russian Vladimir Kramnik. uloyiso Next Executive Najdorf Memorial kwavula Kama ndlela ngqo kwi Abaviwa Iimatshisi for abanyanisekileyo and PCA.

peak umsebenzi: Kamsky wahlula Abaviwa Okufanayo

sigaba Ukufanelekela PCA yaphela ukoyiswa Vladimir Kramnik 4.5: 1.5 Nigel Mfutshane 5.5: 1.5, ngelo xesha kwakukho Olwa yakutshanje le mbasa. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba emva uthotho uloyiso kwi Umjikelo yena, wagqiba ukunikela umdlalo kunye Kasparov umdlali chess viswanathan Anand.

Nenxaxheba yakhe lubeka phi kukhuphiswano abanyanisekileyo. Kama wahlala amadabi ezingazange Van der Sterrenom (4.5: 2.5) kunye Valeriey Salovoy (4.5: 1.5). efanayo Isiphumo kulindeleke kunye Anand, leyo balwa chess tiebreaker kaHomer.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo Ghats kwi World Championships, ekoyiseni ethile linares (1994), zonke ngaxeshanye saqonda ukuba GM lizimisele isihloko ubuntshatsheli, ngelo xesha abenaso Anatoly Karpov.

Ekubulaleni kwi edabini isihloko edume chess ukumkani

Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngowe-1996, oko ubambe itumente kuba olunyanisekileyo isithsaba. Indawo ukulwa yaba sixeko sikhulu Kalmykia - Elista. Umdlalo ngokuba ukwahlula ngothotho ziganeko zenzeka. Ngenxa yokuguqula ngokukhawuleza ngexesha computerization, Karpov, kuba abadala, kuye kwaphunyezwa umdlalo kunye kweeshelfu. Kama phakathi uyise kunye nomququzeleli waqhekeza impixano kakhulu nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukulwa imizuzwana bamlandela knockout Gata. Isizathu soku yokuziphatha Ghats uyise wayengekho watyholwa ayinasihlahla kwiinkampu isiqabu Karpov ngokuthi kudluliselwe inkcazelo ebalulekileyo. Umdlalo zaphela ngokoyiswa i Kama kunye ukuqhwalela amanqaku 3. uyise odikiweyo wabonisa kungathenjwa ncam ngusompempe waza wathi ukulungeleyo oselula washiywa isithsaba ubulungisa ngokupheleleyo. Ngoku, njengoko uqeqesho lukayise, Gata Kamsky kwafuneka ayeke ichess baze baqalise izifundo zabo eyunivesithi.

Wazifihla nokwenzeka

Iminyaka emininzi, aliveli naziphi na iindaba enxulumene igama Kama. Phantse 10 iminyaka umdlali chess akazange abonise up esidlangalaleni. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukuba kugqiba ekholejini kunye enomsila Chemical oMkhosi Medical Academy, lokufumana isidanga umthetho. Emva koko Kamsky uvule inkampani yakhe, efuna ukuba ligqwetha. Kwiminyaka elishumi, ebemzekile abe ngoxolo nentsapho yam.

Kama iqhele yaphazamiseka ngenxa ixesha elifutshane: ixesha elinye kuphela wazama ukuba ibhaso ekuqaleni kweli neyomhlaba wonke knockout fide ngo-1999, apho sele sikwinqanaba lokuqala sale tumente zilishiye eli uphumeleleyo Aleksandru Halifmanu. Ngaphandle koku, umnqweno Ghats kucime ngokupheleleyo yaye resurfaced ngo-2004, xa wenza ukubuya kwakhe. Emva kokufumana isidanga umthetho evela University of Arizona, Kamsky wakwazi ukulungiselela ngokucokisekileyo ukoyisa iNdebe yeHlabathi e Khanty-Mansiysk (2005), nto leyo ngokutsha wavula-indlela yakhe eya izicelo ze. Ukubuyela unamandla ahlaziyiweyo e Elista, iyandoyisa Etena Bakro abanamanqaku elihlazo 3.5: 0.5. Kodwa isikhubekiso gqithi ukuze zilwe isihloko kwihlabathi kunye Boris uba Galfandom, ngubani wakwazi ukumisa umdlali chess abanetalente.

Ukubuya ye Legend of wechess

Bafumane amava angathethekiyo, Kamsky ifikelele incopho lomsebenzi kwi iNdebe yeHlabathi elandelayo. sokubuyiselwa american yaphela nya ngenxa Adly, Avrukh, Georkieva, Svidler, Ponomariov, Shirov kunye Carles. Olu thotho zoloyiso kumzisela lendebe. Ngaphezu koko, wajamelana kwakhona ngabadlali yomeleleyo chess ehlabathini - UVeselin Topalov, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni komnye kokoyiswa kwaye ngenxa yoko, nakwenzeka umdlalo efunekayo kunye Anand.

Grandmasters chess namhlanje

Ngowe-2011 waphinda wathatha inxaxheba Abaviwa kwimidlalo, uziphindezelelayo ka Topalov, kodwa kulandela lo mdlalo nxamnye Gelfand kwakhona yaphela nya. Okwangoku nguye umnini multiple isihloko US Champion, intshatsheli kwinani open-lemidlalo kwawo wokuqala ize iphindwe le indondo ngobhedu. Emva kwakhe, izihlandlo ezithathu elo ilifa kukhuphiswano yaseYurophu njengenxalenye "Linex-Magic", "phambene" yaye "SOCAR".

Kama isanda eRashiya. Ngoku eqondisa Kazan chess yesikolo waseka. Njengoko iziganeko wakhetha ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano club Kazan 'Rook ".