Ngentluzo Eratosthenes in lwenkqubo

Mathematics - Science, owayebonakele embalwa iminyaka eliwaka, yaye ngenkuthalo esetyenziswa Greece yamandulo. Noko ke, izazinzulu ezininzi, nkolelo, owayephila ngelo xesha, wenza ukufunyanwa, apho waba mkhulu brilliant, kodwa ingqalelo yokwenene amakhulu ezimbalwa kamva, xa iteknoloji kuvunyelwa ukuba ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo amandla aleleyo uphando arithmetic yamandulo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zonke izibalo lwaqhutywa kwi zaphawula ezikude "engqondweni" kwaye longeno elikhulu-isikali izibalo. Enye ingcali abadumileyo isiGrike Eratosthenes, ngokungekho kuthiwa ukhokho iinkqubo. Nokufika intambo yekhompyutha yaba izibalo bakhe, ithiyori kwaye elikuwo zidla ezitshintshelwa "ngeelwimi" ikhompyutha. Xa yokugcina beMathematika iziphumo eziliqela umdla, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu yaba ngentluzo Eratosthenes ukuba akuncede ufumane inani yinkulumbuso bokulandelelana thaca.

Iibhayografi of zesayensi

Nangona isibakala sokuba yonke imisebenzi ingcali senzeka kummandla Greece yamandulo, indawo awazalelwa kuyo ubungqondi Afrika BC ngenkulungwane yesithathu. Waqeqesha Isazinzulu kwizixeko ezinkulu eGrisi, apho wahlala ngokusisigxina. Ootitshala bakhe iimbongi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, iingcali zefilosofi kunye negrama ixesha. Ngenxa kuphuhliso ngokubanzi kunye nentlonipho esangqeni lwe Njengomhlaziyi-nye nonke brilliant ziyamenywa malunga nesithuba thala waseAlexandria, apho wakhonza de kokufa kwakhe, ukudala iziqwenga engakholelekiyo zokuvuma ixesha, kunye nophando kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ngentluzo Eratosthenes. Umphengululi Contemporary - edume Archimedes - wathetha ngaye kuphela imibala ogudileyo, wada wanikela wakhe ngamnye msebenzi.

impumelelo

Eyona iphambili umphengululi yamandulo ngokubanzi ithathwa njengokuba nsimbi kwimimandla wafundela. Ngelo xesha nye phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo, eye iziphumo ezibalaseleyo. Philosophy, imibongo, imathematika, ngeenkwenkwezi, umculo, philology, ngendawo yokuhlala - kuba universalism ekhethekileyo hlobo ekufuneni ulwazi enye ingcali yale Pentatl kwamenza isiteketiso ukuzihlanganisa kumdlalo jikelele. Kakade ke, akazange abe mkhulu kwenye kwimimandla ngaye, kodwa elowo kubo ukufumanisa ukuba bazuze iziphumo ezilungileyo. Oku kuboniswa ngamaqhekeza isetyenziswayo yomsebenzi wakhe kunye nophando. Ngaphandle kokuba komthunzi abantu ababephila ngexesha lakhe, ISAZINZULU wenze igalelo elikhulu kwimbali yemathematika, kunye aluxhaswanga of Eratosthenes kunye nenani ezinye zokuhlala ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwi ekunene yayiyindawo omnye ezifunyaniswe odumileyo zejiyometri nasekubaleni ngamanani.

Imbali igama nendawo iinkcukacha

Kumaxesha amandulo, zonke iirekhodi, kuquka izibalo ezenziwe kwi amacwecwe wax ekhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, xa kubalwa izibalo kunye nohlobo aljibra, ingakumbi ngexesha ngaphandle amanani ulandelelwano, abaphandi "zithi" ebhaliweyo nezincedisi zabo. Emva kokuba bonke kwipleyiti umsebenzi ngathi intwana impahla yasekhaya isifundo yaye yathiywa igama - slave umthetho of Eratosthenes. Umfutho xa kuvulwa yaba iingcinga buchopho lokufumana etsala kolu thotho yendalo. Msebenzi wathatha iinyanga eziliqela, okwangoku lwenziwe eziphumo zokuphela konyaka. Xa BC ngenkulungwane yesithathu, oko kwaba intuthuko.

Yintoni algorithm?

Indlela ekhawulezayo yokufumana onke amanani inkulumbuso kumqolo yendalo abaphengululi abanomdla ukusuka kudaladala. Ngapha koko, akukho abanayo ulandelelwano engqongqo yaye zicwangciswe ukuze sasemthethweni esinelungelo lokuwisa ejikelezayo. Okwangoku, iingcali kakhulu kakuhle yaye bafunda ukwenza izibalo kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza. Kulo ukuba bancedwa yi algorithm elula - ngentluzo Eratosthenes. genius Antique wafumanisa oko amanyathelo aliqela:

• Thabatha amanani zendalo ukusuka kwelinye ukuya naliphi na inani (ikota N generic) .Stoit waphawula ukuba zeminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo iyunithi kwakujongwa linani lodidi lokuqala. Ngoku ulilungu uhlobo okhethekileyo ayinayo inkcazelo engqongqo.
• Ngaphezu koko kukho ucimo onke amanani liyohluleka ngo amabini.
• Emva koko, owokuqala lithatyathwe i (kulo mzekelo, emithathu), kwaye ecaleni onke amanani kuwela kuwo.
• Olubalo kuyaqhubeka de inani lokugqibela kolu luhlu.
• Inani eseleyo iya kuba izikhombisi kuphela elula.

Olu khetho kudala ingqalelo kuphela olusebenzayo, kodwa kokufika ziingcali computer nako ukwenza izibalo ulandelelwano ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi. Kodwa, nkqu ezintsha iiteknoloji aluxhaswanga of Eratosthenes yinto ingcamango kubalulekile zezibalo.

iilwimi lwenkqubo in arithmetic

Technology, iikhompyutha, kunye nenzululwazi zeekhompyutha ukuba imathematika ukufunda theory aljibra, ukufikelela kwinqanaba elitsha kuphuhliso yenzululwazi. Inyathelo lokuqala, esebenzisa ithuba elikhethekileyo kufuneka yokudibanisa izibalo eyaziwa kunye nezifundo zejometri kweenkqubo. Enye kakhulu zithandwa ngalo mzuzu YobhaloQuery Languages baqalisa, kuquka ukuba ekubaleni algorithm aluxhaswanga ka Eratosthenes, Pascal. Ngoncedo lwe imizuzwana embalwa, unako ukufumana amanani mhle ukulandelelana kwamanani zendalo, apho bezisoloko ekhoyo okanye ibalwa yi amangeno grand, othabatha ixesha elininzi. Ngenxa yoko, isiseko eyenziwayo kwisakhiwo esitsha ufumene ngcono uhlobo lwezona wamandulo kunye namathuba ebalelwe phantse nanto.

Sebenzisa kwi-Olympiad namuhla yokwazisa

Okwangoku akukho ukhuphiswano zabafundi kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo kwakhona zithanda. Laureates kunye abaphumeleleyo ezi ziganeko ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo woqeqesho kwaye bafumane amathuba okulungileyo kumsebenzi elizayo, kubandakanywa izibonelelo eziphathekayo. Olympiad e Informatics ziquka iingxaki nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana amagama ezaziwayo-kakuhle afana amanani yinkulumbuso. Ngaloo ndlela ngesihlungulo Eratosthenes Zisebenziselwa indlela oluninzi lwangoku yokubala ulandelelwano ngokuhlanganisa elikuwo kule program khowudi. Nangona kwafunyanwa yamandulo, le ngcamango inceda ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo ukuba ziziqhelanise izibalo nzima.