Umbhali kaYuri Olesha: engobomi, iifoto kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Ngokungafaniyo nabanye ababhali abaninzi, awashiyileyo kangako imisebenzi Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. ngobomi bakhe nangona lusizi, kodwa uzele samagqabantshintshi. Kanye ababhali abaninzi kwexesha inguqu, Olesha wafikelela ezi ngqungquthela kuye udumo, waba inani ehlelo lizwe omkhulu abaselula. Kutheni, ngoko, xa kwincopho ethandwayo ngayo iye phantse wayeka ukuyenza waza wajika waba ulusizana inxila-mngqibi?

abazali Noble we umbhali elizayo

KaYuri Olesha (umbhali, leyo ngempazamo abaninzi bakholelwa umntwana) wazalelwa kwintsapho kwinzala ungunyana wabanumzana abahlwempuzekileyo Polish. Amaninzi kakhulu ngabantu abathile umbhali ubhala ukuba uyise wakhe, owazalwa engowomlibo lentsapho amanene evela Belarus. Oku akunjalo ngokupheleleyo. Eneneni, Olesha - igama edumileyo ngabafo Belarusian kwinkulungwane XVI. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha baye bamkela ubuKatolika, wenjenjeya ukuya ePoland. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. usapho kaYuri Karlovich Olesha yaba likhulu ekhulwini Polish.

Nangona umama umbhali elizayo (Olympia Vladislavovna) kunye notata wakhe (Carl Antonovich) - babengamadoda olinene, ngenxa yeengxaki zemali intsapho kwafuneka ukuba baphile ngokuthozama. Karl Olesha ukuba waba ligosa ekhaya.

Emva kokuba revolution, i-Olympia kunye Karl Olesha bathutha uBukhosi IsiRashiya ukuya ePoland, apho wahlala de wafa. Umbhali wala ukuba ashiye ikhaya lakhe, kodwa ukwahlukana onamava kakhulu ukusuka neentsapho zabo. Ngubani na owaziyo, mhlawumbi ebudaleni bakhe wada wazisola kuba engafuni ukushiya kunye nabazali kaYuri Olesha. Biography naye ke Unokongezelela ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu. Nangona, mhlawumbi, italente yakhe kwenzeka ngokupheleleyo kuphela kwilizwe kwikhaya lakhe.

Yuriy Karlovich Olesha: ibhayografi emfutshane ebuntwaneni

Kwazalelwa umbhali "Madoda Fat Three" kwi Elisavetgrad (de-2016 - Kirovohrad, ngoku - Kropyvnytskyi) ngoFebruwari 1899

Kwiminyaka yokuqala-3 yobomi ayikho into emangalisayo ezikhethekileyo kaYuri Olesha. Biography kubantwana textbooks ngokuqhelekileyo kwandisa ixesha elesavetgradsky yobomi bakhe, ekuye kwagxininiswa abazali umbhali emininzi ku Odessa. Ngapha koko, lo mzi ube ikhaya ngokwenene kuye, kwakunye ezalwa italente yakhe.

Kwiminyaka embalwa emva ihamba Yuriy Karlovich Olesha Rishelevsky ababhalise esikolweni. Apha waba nomdla emdlalweni webhola ekhatywayo, yaye wathabatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano isixeko ecaleni yokujima. Kodwa ke, ngenxa yeengxaki entliziyweni yenkwenkwe kungekudala kwafuneka ukuba yakho oyithandayo oyithandayo. Kodwa ke kungekudala wafumana entsha - imisebenzi izibongo.

Ubhidwe imisebenzi Gumilyov, nkqu kwiminyaka yokufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo waqalisa ukubhala imibongo yabo oselula kaYuri Olesha. Umbhali, ogama engobomi sipapashiweyo zonke iincwadi zezifundo ze-lizwe - yiloo ndlela ndabona yesikolo sam elizayo onesiphiwo. Ingakumbi waphefumlela inethemba lokuba "Klarimondu" yakhe epapashwe kwi "Journal of the South". Noko ke, kwesikhokelo Izabelo akazange nje uthando lwabo umfundi, ngoko ke umfana esalelweyo ukuba babhale imibongo, kwaye ngexesha washiya imigudu yakhe zoncwadi.

I-revolution 1917 Olesha ngempumelelo waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yaye ababhalise nomthetho eyunivesithi wasekuhlaleni nkululeko.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba Odessa "Team kwiimbongi"

Kodwa akazange abe igqwetha Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. ngobomi bakhe kutshintshiwe yi-Revolution ngo-1917 kunye neenguqu ezilandelayo kulwakhiwo lwezentlalo lweli lizwe.

Njengoninzi abahlobo bakhe zoncwadi - Kataev, I. Ilf no E. Bagritsky, Olesha wadibana konke oku ngovuyo nethemba ukuvela, engcono ngakumbi kwihlabathi elitsha kuphela. Efuna ukuba ube yinxalenye yale nto, emva kweminyaka 2 nolutsha Xa sifunda wawisa waza swi ekwakhiweni umsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi. Mhlawumbi umfutho oku yaba kukuba ngo-1919 umbhali elizayo kade egula ngumkhuhlane sasinda.

Enoba ke okunene, kodwa emva kokushiya eyunivesithi, Olesha, kunye Ilf, Kataev kunye nezinye asebenza nabo, balungiselela iqela zoncwadi "Lo neembongi."

Eli ziko lweminyaka-2. Ngeli xesha nezikhundla zayo watyelelwa malunga 20 ezaziwayo-kakuhle amanani zoncwadi (kubandakanywa Vladimira Sosyuru, Ukholo Ibner kunye Zinaida Shishova).

Ezintlanganisweni, "Collective neembongi", abathathi-nxaxheba ukufunda imisebenzi yabo, yaye sacengceleza kwisihobe Mayakovsky, leyo kubo umgangatho kwisihobe mihla siphila kuyo.

Ukongeza Ngeengokuhlwa yoncwadi, Olesha kunye namaqabane akhe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Ingakumbi, ukuba awabe iincwadi phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye oluBomvu Army, kunye nokudala kwithala lakho.

umsebenzi "iimbongi Team" ezisebenzayo kunye neziqhamo kakhulu wabonwa eMoscow, yaye ngo-1922 abaninzi kubo sacelwa ukuba sifudukele elikomkhulu waseUSSR, okanye ukusebenza kweminye imizi ebalulekileyo yeli lizwe. Ngenxa yokuba iinkokeli eziphambili zeqela boncwadi ngasekhohlo Odessa - kwalo.

KaYuri Karlovich washiya isixeko yolwandle unyaka phambi kokuba isiganeko - wamenywa ukuba asebenze eKharkov.

Ezintathu yena kaYuri Olesha

Xa umbhali amadodana izizathu ezininzi ukuba ashiye indawo yakubo zabo. Omnye wabo - umfazi.

Nangona kunjalo ukuba enye neenkokeli "Team of Writers," Mna kulwalamano uthando Serafimoy Gustavovnoy Suok kaYuri Olesha.

Biography umbhali intanda ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ungumfazi yokuziphatha ethandabuzekayo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha kummandla ukuziphatha bohemian kwabonakala ezithandwayo kunye phambili.

Owakhiwa ngobume zokoqobo Oleshye, Seraphima (Sima) wavula ezothando elifutshane omnye ngabarhwebi. Kukho amarhe ukuba kwenziwa phantse ngokucelwa Olesha kunye Kataeva. Kuthiwa abantu babenethemba lokuba le ubuhle kaShem sivela a amakhadi osisityebi iveza pheko okanye ezinye izinto zinqongophele, okusileleyo ngexesha lendlala. Noko ke, xa Swauk baphila with "abaxhasi", uYuri Karlovich woyika ukuba walahlekelwa umntu othandekayo ngonaphakade, yaye wathabatha kwikhaya lakhe.

Ngelishwa, emva kokubuya kwakhe kungekudala ingqondo yam Simochka wayeyithanda imbongi yiSoviet Vladimir Narbut lemka Olesha, ukuba umfazi umbono wakhe ezintsha abanyuliweyo.

Lithemba umbhali aphoswe watshata udade wabo Olga, owaba iqabane bakhe abathembekileyo ubomi.

Zombini oodade Swauk waba kwase le "Madoda Fat Ezintathu" ye ophambili. Kwaye ukuba ngokusemthethweni lo msebenzi ezinikele Zhene Oleshi, kanye uhlobo ubuntu ithe ukhutshelwe angonwabi Simochka, nelawula ukuya kutyelela ukutshata kabini ngakumbi emva komtshato kunye zinganakwa Narbut.

Ukongeza oodade Swauk waba uYuri Karlovich omnye Ndithelekelele, leyo yena wabhala i "Fat Amadoda Three". Igama le ubuhle - Valentine Leontievna Gryunzayd. Nangona xa badibana - yena intombazana egama kaValya. Olesha wayeyithanda ubabalo umntwana wakhe waza wathembisa ukuba ukubhalela ngantsomi sakhe, kamva wenza. Kwakhona, maxa wambi uncokole xa Gryunzayd ikhula - ukuba nditshate naye. Kodwa abantu abadala, Valentine waba ngumfazi umhlobo wakhe - Petrov.

Umbhali i "isandi socofo"

Emva kokuba ziqale ngo-1921 eKharkov, waqalisa ukusebenza njengombhali yemibongo kunye amabali ahlekisayo kaYuri Olesha. biography emfutshane ngaye ngeli thuba ingachazwa: umsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi kwakhona. KaYuri Karlovich isebenza ngexesha ngokubaluleka kuthandwa. Kwaye ukucinga yokwenzakala intliziyo emva ngokwaphula kunye Sima, Olesha ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo emsebenzini - ngenxa yesizathu esibalulekileyo. Phakathi konyaka umsebenzi eKharkov watshintshelwa elikomkhulu USSR.

Apha uba nokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi boncwadi, ndidibana abaninzi bezigodo zakhe.

Ngaba ukhuthazwe kweli phephandaba "Whistle", umbhali ipapashe oko ukuphoxisa, satires bakhe funny, apho aphumelele uthando abafunda kulo lonke eli lizwe. Kulo mzekelo, isebenzisa okudlala "basike".

Impumelelo endle loncwadi kunye nokunakana amagunya yenza umbhali ucinga ngayo ukubhala iprozi enkulu.

tale Revolutionary-uthando "I Fat Men Three"

Umsebenzi wokuqala enkulu uYuri Karlovich Olesha othenjisiweyo Vale Gryunzayd tale - ". I Fat Men Three" Nangona yapapashwa ngowe-1929, umbhali wabhala kube ngaphambili - ngo-1924

Kweli bali ngabantu nzima ukusebenza nzima ngamanqatha umbhali namadoda-gazi lazo zonke iinjongo zabo yotshintsho olululo. Le ncwadi izele izafobe kunye iintsomi, nangona iyelenqe yalo ayikho indawo ngomlingo.

Ngaphandle kokuba le ncwadi kwabhalwa ngenxa Valentina Gryunzayd, umlinganiswa ophambili kule ngantsomi (Acrobat Swauk), uYuri Karlovich ogama lakhe behlonipha Othanda kunye nomfazi yangoku.

Nangona sele kudlule iminyaka emininzi ukususela ekusekweni kwe "Amadoda Three Fat" - Alithandabuzeki elokuba, lo ngowona msebenzi abanethemba ukuba uYuri Olesha ebhaliweyo. Biography, ngelishwa, emva kokudalwa le ngantsomi ebegqwese waqala ijike ibe kuhlukunyezwa. Ngapha koko, urhulumente waseSoviet wathabatha ingcinezelo esincinane uso. Intlekele yale meko kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba uninzi magcisa esasijongene nazo ukhetho: ingenise igunya lokuba babe ukubandezelwa okanye anikezele kwaye kutyunyuzwa ngumatshini yileyo.

Kwiminyaka ezayo, abaninzi abahlobo kunye abazana umbhali ngendlela enye okanye enye babe ngamaxhoba-nkqubo omtsha wezenkcubeko. ukuphoxeka kwakhe kaYuri Karlovich oluchazwe kwezinye imisebenzi emikhulu - inoveli "Umona".

"Umona" Yuriya Oleshi

Ngowe-1927, kwi "Red Virgin Umhlaba" lwapapashwa okokuqala Roman Oleshi - ". Umona" Ngokwenene, lo msebenzi na umsebenzi wokuqala enkulu kaYuri Karlovich. Ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha sele kwathiwa, "Madoda Fat Three", kodwa ke ziya kupapashwa kwiminyaka 2 kamva.

I inoveli "Umona" yafunyanwa ngobubele abagxeki readers. Kungenzeka, oku ngenxa yokuba Olesha wachaza ukufa kabuhlungu yabantu abaziingqondi owayephila lowo akufanelekile eluntwini elitsha Soviet.

Nangona kunjalo, nje embalwa, le inoveli "Umona" Wayelawulwa ukugxekwa, kuba akakulandeli ne ngokoqobo yali.

Okwangoku, kukho uYuri Olesha biography echazwe bakhe kuphela, kodwa amakhulu amanye amagcisa abangazange kwakufuneka ilizwe elitsha, kodwa azikhange zikwazi ukuhamba. Rumor kwafuneka ukuba umfanekiso Andrei Babichev waye kuyekiswa kunye Mayakovsky.

Le inoveli abangela isiyaluyalu, waza wanikela kumdlali ukuya phezulu. Kwaye emva kokupapashwa "Three Men Fat" Umbhali walo uye ibonwa ngumbhali eSoviet. Ngoku, phantse zonke iincwadi zezifundo kukho enkulu okanye ibhayografi encinane Yuriya Oleshi. Kwakubonakala, phambi elinde ukuba elizayo wamkelekile eqaqambileyo - kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke.

ukudana Creative Oleshi

Njengoko umntu enobuchule, uYuri Karlovich kwakunzima ontununtunu kwaye uqaphele utshintsho kuluntu kwi-20 ubudala - ekuqaleni sharing-30. akunakuba. Ukongeza ukuphoxeka krakra neenjongo revolution, Olesha ubunzima omnye ntlekele. Yintoni efuna ukubhala, akanamdla ngamandla. Ngaphezu koko, oko nje abaqondanga ezifanelekileyo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ofumana isimo mthethweni.

Kwimeko ngokoqobo eSoviet ngayo kwafuneka ukuba babhale okanye uza kufumana leliqela, okanye musa ukubhala kwaphela. Loo nto nje banokwaneleyo abangaphila ngako, ukuba akukho nto ukubhala? Ngakumbi kuba umbhali akuthethi ukupapasha kubalelwa ngokuzenzekelayo sisidleleli. Kwaye kwaba sele kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Badana kuncwadi lwangoku, uYuri Olesha wadandatheka waza waqalisa ukusela rhoqo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva waba utywala esinganyangekiyo. Kuxhotyiwe iindaba zakhe imeko malunga intshutshiso oogxa bakhe. A ukuzibulala Mayakovsky (owayesakuba sisibane ukuba umbhali kuncwadi) kwaye kwaphazanyiswa zempilo Yury Karlovich.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki zempilo, utywala kunye umbhali ukudakumba, waphila iminyaka engama-30 waza wafa ngo May 1960

Eyona mpumelelo Oleshi kakhulu awayeza kweli thuba iidayari bakhe. Eshicilelwe njengencwadi separate "Akukho imini ngaphandle umgca" emva kokufa yombhali.

Noko ke, ukuba blog - esebenza umphefumlo, umphefumlo "umzimba" uYuri Karlovich ezuzwe ngokubhala kudlala screenplays. Abaninzi kubo - kukhubazeko nokulungiswa imisebenzi yaseChekhov kaThixo, Dostoevsky, Kuprin kunye "Fat Amadoda Three" yaye "Umona".

Ngelo xesha kwakukho amaqhekeza zesakhiwo yakhe. Ngokukodwa, "Ukufa Zanda." Lo msebenzi engagqitywanga kwi bayahlelwa umbhali Communist uZandi, Olesha wazama ukuba baveze izimvo zabo phezu ezingqonge ngokoqobo yali.

Kumashumi eminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe phantse bambongoza Olesha Yury Karlovich. Biography yabantwana, lulungiselelwayo kwiincwadi ezininzi, kunqabile uhlawula ingqalelo oku. Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha ebomini umbhali kwakhokelela phantse abangenamakhaya.

Into yokuba akazange abe izindlu zabo, nombhali "Umona" waphila ngokufuthi umntu evela kubahlobo okanye nezihlobo. Ukongeza njengengeniso enqabileyo uncwadi, ukufumana imali yokuthenga ukutya wamnceda yokucela banal naye esitalatweni. A yokusela kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ababhali Soviet abaselula nethamsanqa ngaphezulu wamphatha naye, ngaphandle ngokubhekiselele italente enkulu.

Ukuba neyo entsha, ebudaleni bakhe Yury Karlovich kwafuneka ukuba bangene amadlavu.

Wafa umbhali ekuhlaseleni entliziyweni banal.

Njengoko umbhali yangaphambili, waza wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Novodevechem eMoscow. Kumqolo wokuqala kwicandelo lokuqala.

Nkqu ngexesha wathuthuzeleka ezinxilisayo uYuri Olesha uncokole ukuba uza kukhetha ukuba umngcwabo wakhe waba kakhulu wayethozamile ngaphezu koko kufanele ukuba merit zoncwadi. Ngelo xesha uya kufumana kwixesha xa lilonke ixabiso imali umahluko misitho ezimbini.

KaYuri Olesha: engobomi, olunomdla

• Ulwimi lweenkobe umntwana lo enkulu umbhali eSoviet waziva Polish. yena Russian bafunda kamva, abahlala Odessa. Kule ke yancedwa ngumakhulu wakhe, owafundisa ngexesha elifanayo izibalo lo mfana.
• KaYuri Karlovich waba udade uWanda. Wazalwa kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi umzalwana wakhe. Umbhali elizayo ukususela ebuntwaneni kakubi kakhulu kuye yaye wasinda nzulu nokufa kwakhe yesifo. Kuvuthelwa inkulu kukuba Wanda wabanjwa yi uYuri, ngubani na wachacha, yaye - akukho.
• Kwincwadi Valentin Kataev "Diamond isithsaba wam", ukongeza Esenina, Ilf kunye iBhabheli, kwaye ngokuchazwa kaYuri Olesha. engobomi bakhe ethi, Noko ke, sele noko ezigqunyiweyo, yaye umbhali ngokwakhe kubonakala phantsi igama iqhosha igcisa-metaforista. Kwenzeka ukuba, lo msebenzi akukho ncam ukwamkela umntu ochazwe kunye Sima Suok. Waye wanikwa igama elithi "sithandwa."
• Olga Gustavovna Swauk, waba ngumfazi wokuqala kwaye kuphela lombhali ngexesha ukuthandana lakhe sele utshatile kwaye wazala unyana. Emva umtshato wakhe ne Olga Olesha wathabatha indodana yakhe.
• Kweli thuba ukususela 1936 ukuya 1956. imisebenzi Oleshi zange ishicilelwe. Emva kokuba ukupheliswa kokuvalwa ongamiselwanga sele kubekwe umbhali yabantwana kaYuri Olesha. biography Mfutshane ebantwaneni kunye phantse yonke ncwadi "Fat Amadoda Three". Kulo mzekelo, oku kunqabile ekhankanywe wathuthuzeleka nemisebenzi ngaphezulu kakhulu.
• Nditsho ngobomi emfutshane Yuriya Karlovicha Oleshi iqulethe ulwazi ukusuka iphupha kanye ebuntwaneni ukuba ahambe. Noko ke, ebutsheni bakhe ukuba akukho mali le. Ukukhula kwaye ayibhalwa kwi iincwadi ngokoqobo yobusoshiyali, umbhali abanduluka phesheya, kwaye iye ngonaphakade, ndayihluthwa ithuba ukubona ihlabathi njengoko kwakunjalo kunokwenzeka nomhlobo wakhe Ilf. Phantse kuzo zonke amaxesha yobomi bakhe (yaye kwincopho udumo, yaye kwiminyaka zokudakumba) Olesha kakhulu ubuhlungu yiloo nto.