Uluhlu lwefayili - yintoni na? Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwefayile yokucoca

Iimoto, oko kukuthi zikhupha umbane, zibeka ingozi enkulu kwimeko. Ngako oko, i-automakers yaqala ukuxhobisa oomatshini babo ngeengqungquthela ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ukuba xa ihamba ngeemoto kunye neenjini zepetroli kwaye yabizwa, kwiijini ze-diesel kuyisihlunu se-soot. Yintoni le nto? Iyintoni isakhiwo sayo nemigaqo yokusebenza? Ngokuphathelele konke oku kwaye kungekhona kuphela - kamva kwinqaku lethu.

Utyunjwa

Ifayili ye-diesel filter yenzelwe ukuhlanjululwa kweegesi zokukhupha kwiintlobo ze-soot. Ukusebenzisa le nxalenye kwinkqubo yokukhupha inganciphisa umxholo omnyama wekhabhoni ngamaphesenti angama-95. Olu lwakhiwo lusekwe ngenxa yokutsha komlilo. Ubungakanani beencani ze-carbon black luvela ku-1 ukuya ku-0.01 μm. Iqukethe i-oxides zensimbi, amanzi, isulfure, kunye ne-carbon compounds. Ipesenti yabo yomxholo kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba langoku kunye nomthwalo kwinjini.

Uzoyisebenzisa phi

Luhlobo luni lwemoto i-diesel particulate filter? "I-Volkswagen", "Audi", "Mercedes". Olu luhlu oluthile lweemoto ezigqityiweyo kunye nale nxalenye. Kwiimoto zithuthi, i-diesel particulate filter efakwe ukususela ngo-2000, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemigangatho yokusingqongileyo "i-Euro-2" kwaye iphezulu. Kwamazwe aseYurophu, ukufumaneka kwale khowudi kuyimfuneko ukususela ngo-2011 nakwiimoto zithuthi.

Indawo:

Uphi i-particulate filter? "I-Mercedes" kunye neemoto ezininzi eziseYurophu zinamalungiselelo afanayo. Kuphela emva kwezinto ezininzi zokukhupha. Le ndawo yenziwa ngenxa yokuba kule nqanaba izinga lokushisa kweegesi lifikelela phezulu.

Isixhobo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza

Into ephambili yesihlunu sesoot is matrix matrix. Yenziwe nge-silicon carbide. Izinto ezifanayo zisetyenziselwa i-catalysts yeenjini zepetroli. I-matrix ifakwa kwisitampu sezindlu zecwecwe kunye nesakhiwo sobuninzi kunye namaseli avaliweyo. Inxalenye engxenyeni yesalathisi yinyango. Isebenza njengefayile. Iiseli zomatrix catalyst zikwere. Kwiimoto zanamhlanje, iifayile kunye neeseli zamalahle angama-8 zifakwe. Izinto ezinjalo zibhekwa njengokwethenjelwa kwaye zivumela ukugqithiswa kweegesi zigqithise.

Amanqanaba okucoca

Ukuhlunga nokuhlaziywa - ngokuhambelana nalo mgaqo, i-filter element nganye iyasebenza. Yintoni na? Ukuhlanjululwa yinkqubo apho iinqununu zothutho zifakwe kwaye ziqhubeke kwiindonga. Eyona mikhulu, kulula ukuba i-catalyst isebenze. Nangona kunjalo, i-gases ye-exhaust ine-pesenti encinci ye-carbon emnyama, ukuya kwi-1 μm ngobukhulu. Ziyingozi enkulu kwimeko kunye nomoya wendoda.

Kwakhona qaphela ukuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-diesel particulate filter ("Renault TDI Master" ayikho enye) ivalwe, kwaye idinga ukutshintshwa. Kodwa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu (ukusuka ku-$ 400), abanikazi bemoto baseRussia "bayinqumle" kwi "ubunongo" bekhompyutheni kwaye bafake endaweni yayo "i-spacer" - umbhobho wensimbi ofanayo ububanzi.

Ukuhlaziywa okungekho kumgangatho wefayili ye-particulate

Lo msebenzi uqhutywa ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu (ukusuka kuma-degree degrees Celsius). Yingakho i-catalyst ifakwe ngokukhawuleza emva kobuninzi bokukhupha. Ukungena kwi-diesel particulate filter, i-gase exhaust (oko kukuthi, i-nitrogen compounds) iyenzeka nge-oxygen, ukwenzela ukuba i- nitrogen dioxide yenziwe . Olu hlobo lokugqibela, xa ludibaniswa ne-soot, luguqulelwa kwi-oxide kunye ne-carbon monoxide. Iimbini ezimbini zokugqibela, ukuphendula nge-oksijeni, zahlula i-nitrogen dioxide kunye ne-carbon dioxide. Le yinkqubo yokucoca igesi yokukhupha imoto ye-diesel.

Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusebenza kweenjini, ukuqokelela isothu kungabi nako. Uhamba ngokuzithoba ngokusebenzisa iiseli ukuya ngaphandle. Kule meko, ukuhlaziywa okusebenzayo kwefayili ye-particulate iyasebenza.

Esebenzayo

Olu unyango lubandakanya ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza ukushisa kwegesi zokukhupha. Kwenzeka konke ngexesha elifutshane. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunyanzelisa ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa:

• Kamva ijoyiji yamafutha.
• Ukutshiswa kweegesi ngama microwaves.
• Injini yejoyile phambi kwefayili ye-diesel.
• Ukufaka umbane wombane.

Uyilo lwe-neutralizer luya kuphuculwa rhoqo, kwaye ngoku luhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu luluhlu olunezitshixo zokucoca kunye nenkqubo yokufakelwa kwee-additives. Makhe sijonge ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

I-Catalytic particulate filter

Yintoni le nto? Eli fayili lusetyenziswa kwiimoto zentsapho yeVolkswagen. Umgaqo wokusebenza uquka ukuhlaziywa okusebenzayo nokungenziwanga.

Kwimeko yokugqibela, unyango lubangelwa ukuxutywa kwe-soyiti eqhubekayo ngenxa ye-catalyst-platinum, apho igesi idlula khona. Ubushushu bokusebenza buvela kwi-300 kuya kuma-degree ama-Celsius. Inkqubo esebenzayo iyenzeka kwiqondo eliphezulu lama-650 degrees Celsius.

Oku kubandakanya iinombolo zezilawuli. Lo ngumlinganiselo wemitha yomoya, iinkokeli zokushisa kwe-inlet nokuphuma kwerhasi yokukhupha, kunye nokucinezela apho i-filter filter iyasebenza. Oku kunika ntoni? Zonke iinkcukacha ezifunyenweyo zicutshungulwa ngekhompyutheni, ngenxa yecandelo lokulawula elinikeza isalathisi sokungena kwemfuyo kamva, okanye ukunciphisa ukunikezelwa komoya ekamelweni. Ngale ndlela, iqondo lokushisa kwamagesi okukhupha ayenyuka kakhulu, kwaye iyakwenza ngayo izinto ezinokwenza izinto.

Ukucoca ngeenkqubo ezongeziweyo

Le ncedisi yenziwe ngabaqhubi beFransi kwaye ifakwe kwii-Peugeot, Citroën, Ford neToyota. Elinye igama lefayile yokucoca i-FAP. Ingundoqo yomsebenzi ilula. Inkqubo iqulethe isithako esinokuguqula i- catalytic (cerium), esongezwa kumbane kunye negalelo ekutshintshiseni kweqondo lokushisa (i-degrees Celsius engama-500). Nangona kunjalo, kwimithwalo ephantsi kunzima ukufezekisa, ngoko ukuvuselelwa ngokunyanzeliswa kuqhagamshelwe ukusebenza. Isibhengezo ngokwawo sigcinwe kwisitya esisodwa (4-5 litres).

Ubuncedo bayo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-100 zeekhilomitha kwaye lilingana nobomi benkonzo yecraf uqobo. Kwitanki, esi sihlomelo sondliwa ngumpu wamandla. Kuxutywa kwi-refueling nganye ye-unit unit control. I-drawback enkulu yokusebenzisa le nkqubo - xa kutshaya i-cesium kwiindonga ngendlela ye-ash, enqabisa kakhulu ikhefu. Ngoko ke, unobomi obutshanje obunjalo.

Indlela yokwandisa ubomi benkonzo?

Ekubeni ukutshiswa kwe-soot kwenzeka kumaqondo aphezulu, ixesha lokuphila elicoca lixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha lokutshiswa kwalo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokuphindaphindiweyo lo msebenzi usebenza, ngaphantsi kobutyebi bento. Kodwa ndingayandisa njani i-mileage yemoto phakathi kokutshisa kwi-converter? Ngenxa yoko, izithako ezahlukeneyo ziyafumaneka ukuze zikhusele i-particulate filter. Bancedisa ukunciphisa ubushushu bokusebenza ukusuka kuma-600 ukuya kuma-400 degrees Celsius. Sebenzisa umatshini kwimithwalo ephantsi kwithemba lokuba ukutsha kwe-soot akukwenzekanga, akunjalo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuvuselelwa ngokunyanzeliswa kunikezelwa - nokuba kusezantsi ubuncinane idivayisi iya kusebenza i-100%.

Indlela yokunquma ukuvala i-clogging?

Iimpawu zefayile ekhetshiwe zilula ukuqonda. Olu luqulunqo obuthathaka, umsi ovela kumbhobho wokukhenkcela, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amaninzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwicandelo lezo zinto zibukeka ngqo kwizithombe ezingezantsi.

Kule meko, kufuneka sizenzele ngokukhawuleza ukuthatha amanyathelo - sibeke endaweni entsha (apho abanikazi bethu bemoto bengenakukulandela) okanye bayisuse kwinkqubo.

Isiphelo

Ngoko, safumanisa ukuba i-diesel catalyst. Njengoko ubona, le fowuni ilwa ngokucoca ngokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izinto ezilungileyo ziyabonakala xa ixesha lokubuyisela liza. Iindleko zento entsha zi malunga ne-ruble ezingama-50-80 zamawaka.
Ngoko ke, indlela eyona ndlela ingcono ukususa i-particulate filter filter kwikhompyutheni kwaye ufake ifowuni yokubamba okanye ipayipi yensimbi elula kwindawo yayo. Le nkqubo ibiza i-ruble ezi-5 ukuya kwi-15 zamawaka.